my @ : ~ Sem -2 : Peter 2, Biomechanical Prin ciPhie 3 Thalk i E CUPP NiCad Ve Cor nastics What is Biomechanics - Divided into two parts bio + mechanic $83G)- indicate that bio has something to deal/do with\lviigior Biological, “dMieeHaRIE-to do/deal with the analysis of forces and their efegt, -Thus we can say thet TOMEHanIES}s the stuBy i Aheieetreet on living systems. -It is a science deals with the application of mechanical laws and principals to living system Especially to loco motors system. + HORBERT HATZE :- Biomechanics is the study of structure and function of biological system by means and method of mechanic. A good knowledge of Biomechanics will help to achieve/ accomplish the fallowing things. + Help to diagnosing the cause of an injuries. «Indicate the exercise expert/specialist what exercise may be dangerous for certain individual. Evaluation of existing techniques for Learning and training. * To find fault in execution. «To find out the cause of the fault during execution. © Development of the more efficient new techniques ‘© Quantification of various motor abilities. * Analysis of training and assist in exercisers and equipment. ‘¢ Development of biomechanical principleType of Biomechanics Biomechanics includes the study of all living Things, plant and animals so we hve divided Care biomechanics aa follow: - 1. Exercises and sports tno 2. Biomechanics Animal biomechanics 3. Human Biomechanics At last we can Say Or we may define SPORTS (GportsiBiothechanics|as d Study of forces and their effect on human fan : their effect on human k Bs0-—— exercises and sports,’? Sercses Advantage of the sports Biomechanics 1. Performance improvement. 2. Technique improvement 3. Equipment improvement 4. Training improvement 5. Injury prevention and its rehabilitationBiomechanics Principles -It is a general orientation for a purposeful utilization of a mechanical laws in athletics movement. These principles are not valid for all the athletics movements because of the difference of motor dynamics and aim of sports accents. -These are valid in special biomechanical group of motor task e.g. «Push off, throw off, take off - (from rigid and Elastic surfaces) ‘© Rotation during free and fgyd axis. * Push off from water. © Legs and arms forces (sports equipments like boats, bicycles, skis, skates etc. These principles were created and were made more precise and complete by , WRBOTEANOSFERUE rn along Years, Biomechanics Principles in Gymnastics as under: - 1. Initial force . Action and Reaction Optimum path of Acceleration . Co-ordination of partial impulses . Conservation of Rotatory Impulses or Angular Momentum . Acceleration of velocity (under construction) AuARwWwH1.Principle of Initial Force It is derived from Newton 2nd Law i.e. the change of motion is proportional to the effect of the moving force and occurs In the direction of the force. During downwards movement, COG is retarted and positive force directed upward the internal force is more than body weight). This positive force is called fRitia ORES. Conclusion: If the target is to reach the maximum velocity at the end of take-off (elastic surf phase). You should use the effect of an initial force by realizing of counter movement. — OBtiniunnlinitenSiEyioRedUntenactoM depend upon- Distance and condition of acceleration path ¢ Level of strength and power ability of athlete. D C& iS Dowenvird AcLeieratOM Retune —> DeCelenution CBteuterny +hnUStH) >peiuted fo Jum? @ ca is T Bety Autensed —> Acceleration @ +teree oP ; Velechy mePer uP — Thiet Rolie. ® sur? fem Rigid SunPexe Cseoht SurPuce @ seh fern Cwaric sunPace _y Sen? > > Thesr yp,2. Principles of Action Reaction: - This is derived from Newton's 3rd law" For every effect there exists always an inversely directed and equal counter effect or every Action has equal & opposite Reaction ' « in human body upper and lower, left and right part of the le body can be taken as two deferent body. © There are two situations in sport movements 1. Free moveable system > Save ™ are 2. Body in an earth bound ‘Action (force) is applied downwards but it is the reaction force (vertical thrust provided by the earth) that taken you upward. The muscles force is not sufficient to take the body up, it is the counter force provided by the earth which take you Up. Conclusion: - The Law of Newton’s action and Reaction can be purposefully applied in sports movements. In first © Condition that in force moveable system can reach for suitable position of the body for the flight & landing. * As well as in the earth bound system, the distance of acceleration can be extended by twisting of hip and shoulder or counter Action of leg and arms. ops Th Bf Ycetertin TW is denned Barr agar > Reaching Sn Sumfiry BdeadThe Itderived from work and energy ied to move a body (ma: force is appli ss) through a given - when force distance. \ EREREYS the capacity to do the work | inetlERERET stored in body -due to position of the body ( Serainienergy/iue to elastic/strain deformation of the body. It is fact that Energy”cannotycreated: neither destroyed)*butecan’ (convert into other one. Wore! It depends upon 1. Characteristics of Muscles 2. Path of Acceleration (it should be straight not waisy and it may be circular). Conclusion: - If the target to reach optimum velocity of take-off from rigid support than you should use the optimum distance of acceleration path. In some cases, there is a time limitation Take off (BB & VB) if not than optimum distance depends upon the power/ability of an athlete.pererson 7 4. Principle of Coordination of Partial Impulses: (einetic oe pinci Pe It derived from Newton's 2na Law. F = ™A ples i.e. each body in put its impulse It is based on kinetic chain princi generate which is to be coordinated in proper relevance in order to maximum velocity. -Human body force Travel i.e. CRUSFIC on RINGS - if taorestheimass then there will be tessiaccéleration: - As - if you require maximum impulse of particular segment at particular time then the effect of all the contributory segments of the body should be given a proper (chronologica!) way. To have the erect you should delay the action (movement) of the lesser (light) body part the heavier body part. - Initiate the movement with the heavier body part and finish with the lighted body part.jovements: - eiNg 5. Conservation of Rotatory Impulses or - Angular Move i bi It can be used for all movements which are Rotation and executed during fi free flight. It is also he important for rotation around the Axis which is supported by tl Earth, In general Mass called inertia (1) but when object/body is in moving tia (IW) i. e. position then itis called momentum of Inert ia (IW) i. Angular Momentum (flight path) =IW (Constant) Mechanical properties of human body to make it possible to change the body form, hence the value of the. momentung of inertia could be duking rotation in following situation. O aasrrqy Twn . : @ Retuner (Seto 4 oten grernard) Conclusion: - Drotasen coun gwis SePPpuses 63 In fotation) movements the conservation of momentum. can be purposefully used to the motor task. The ability of human body | ta change Its momentum of inertia by muscles action the body the following way. 1. In free moveable system: In the flying phases the angular velocity "W" could be controlled by change of momentum of iertia i. e. smaller the momentum Faust weed of inertia higher (fast) will be the rotation. Rotation. Around the Axis support by the Earth: - The amplitude of movement can be extended by changing the body posture by Increasing the momentum of inertia in this by | moving the COG as for as possible from the Axis ' of rotation j during the downward ' motion. At the beginning of upwards | swing body is brought closer to The Axis. (Momentum Inertia | reduced and “w" is Increased) and body is moved away as far from the Axis at the highest point. Src Russ N