2014 H2 Chem Promo (DHS) - PK

Name: Index Number: Class:
DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL

Promotional Examination
Year 5
CHEMISTRY 9647/01
(Higher 2) 26 September 2014
Paper 1 Multiple Choice 30 minutes
Additional Materials: Optical Mark Sheet

Data Booklet
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1 Write your name, index number and class on this question paper.
2 There are twenty questions in this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are
four possible answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate
Optical Mark Sheet.
3 Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for wrong answer.
4 Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
5 You may use a calculator.
www.KiasuExamPaper.com
1
Section A
For each question, there are four possible answers A, B, C, and D. Choose the one you consider
to be correct.
1 A 3.78 g sample of citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 , M r = 192) was dissolved in a 100 cm3 of

1.0 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide. The resulting solution was made up to 250 cm3 using
deionised water. It was found that 25.0 cm3 of this solution required 20.00 cm3 of
0.100 mol dm3 sulfuric acid for complete neutralisation.
What is the amount of sodium hydroxide required to react with 1 mol of citric acid?
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
2 A student has mixed up the data containing second ionisation energies (I.E.) of the
following Period 5 and Period 6 elements: Rb, Te, I and Cs.
They are labelled W, X, Y and Z in the table below.
What is the identity of element Y?
Unknown Element W X Y Z
Second I.E. 1470 1846 2234 2633
A Rb B Te C I D Cs
3 Crown ethers are a class of cyclic organic compounds which can bind to metal cations,
forming complexes.
An example is seen below whereby the crown ether, 18-crown6, binds to [K(H 2 O) 6 ]+
forming the 18-crown6/K+ complex.
[K(H2O)6]+ + + 6H2O
18-crown6 18-crown6/K+ complex
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A Dative bonds are formed between K+ and 18-crown6 in this reaction.

B Based on VSEPR theory, OK+O in the complex has a bond angle of 90R.
C The 18-crown6/K+ complex is more soluble in non-polar solvents than [K(H 2 O) 6 ]+.
D K+ uses its 4s and 4p atomic orbitals for bonding with 18-crown-6 in this reaction.
2
4 In lactic acid, it was found that the C2C3 has shorter bond length than C1C2.
HO O
2 3
1
H3C OH
Which of the following statements best account for the shorter bond length in C2C3?
A It is an sp2sp3 overlap.
B The electrons in C2 are attracted towards the C3=O group.
C The C2C3 bonding is pulled shorter by a pSʌbond) overlap.
D It has two OH substituent groups compared to only one OH substituent group in
C1C2, causing greater electron density to be withdrawn from its bonding electrons.
5 Which of these compounds SRVVHVVıDQGʌERQGV"
A C2H2 B CaN 2
C HClO D KHF 2
6 The reaction:
2NO (g) + 2H 2 (g) o N 2 (g) + 2H 2 O (l)
has a rate equation, Rate = k[NO][H 2 ]2. Determine the values of x and y in the table below.
[NO] / mol dm3 [H 2 ] / mol dm3 t 1/2 with respect to NO/s

0.0150 1.00 7.2
0.0300 1.00 x
0.0150 2.00 y
x y
A 3.6 1.8
B 3.6 3.6
C 7.2 1.8
D 7.2 3.6
3
7 Use of the Data Booklet is required for this question.
Enthalpy change of formation of methanol, CH 3 OH (g), is 204 kJ mol1.
What is the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of carbon?
A +726 kJ mol1 B 1134 kJ mol1

C +1846 kJ mol1 D 2254 kJ mol1
8 For a given mass of an ideal gas, which of the following graphs display a different shape
from the rest?
A PV against P (at constant T)

V
B against T (at constant P)
T
C PV against V (at constant T)
1
D against T (at constant P)
density
9 The chemical equation for the Contact process used in industrial production of sulfur
trioxide is given below:
2SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2SO 3 (g)
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen gases were fed in a 2:1 volume ratio into a reaction vessel at a
constant pressure of 0.5 atm. At equilibrium, the percentage conversion of sulfur dioxide
was 33%.
What is the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide at equilibrium in atm?
A 0.11 B 0.17 C 0.22 D 0.34
10 A complex reaction (2A + B + C+ o F) was found to have the following reaction

mechanism:
Step No. Mechanism
I A B + C+
II A + B o D
III 2C+ + D o E+
IV E+ + B F
Which of the following step number is most likely to be the rate determining step?
A I B II C III D IV
4
11 When pure ice melts, 6.01 kJ mol1 of heat enthalpy is exchanged with its surroundings.
What is the change in entropy when 126 g of ice melts at 0 RC?
A 22.0 J K1 B +154 J K1

C 154 J K1 D +22.0 J K1
12 100 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm3 hydrofluoric acid (pK a = 3.15) is added to 50 cm3 of
0.200 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide.
What is the pH of the resulting solution?
A 1.92 B 2.16 C 2.72 D 3.15
13 The oxidation number of the carbon atom in methanol, CH 3 OH, is –2. Methanol can be
oxidised to a carbon–containing compound, Y, in which the oxidation state of the carbon
atom is 0.
Which of the following is a possible structure for compound Y?
OH OH
A B
HO C O H C O
H
C O C O D
H C O
14 Which of the following alcohols, upon dehydration, yields alkenes with the largest number
of isomers?
A CH3CH2CH2CHCH3
OH
B CH3CH2CHCH2CH3
OH
C CH3CH2CHCH2OH
CH3
D CH3CH2CHCH2CH2OH
CH3
5
15 Hydrogen iodide undergoes reaction with propene, forming 2–iodopropane. When iodine
monochloride, ICl, is reacted with propene, a similar reaction occurs. What is the most
likely final product?
A CH 3 CH(Cl)CH 2 I B CH 3 CH(I)CH 2 Cl
C CH 3 CH(Cl)CH 2 Cl D CH 3 CH(I)CH 2 I
6
Section B
For each question in this section, one or more of the three numbered statements 1 to 3 may be
correct.
Decide whether each of the statements is or is not correct (you may find it helpful to put a tick
against the statements which you consider to be correct).
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 only
are correct are correct are correct is correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
16 Sulfurous acid dissolves in water to establish the following equilibria:
H 2 SO 3 (aq) H+(aq) + HSO 3 (aq) pK a1 = 4.8
HSO 3 (aq) H+(aq) + SO 3 2 (aq) pK a2 = 7.0
Which of the following statements correctly represent the relative concentrations of each
species at equilibrium?
1 [H+] > [HSO 3 ]

2 [H 2 SO 3 ] > [HSO 3 ]
3 [SO 3 2] > [HSO 3 ]
17 Which of the following organic molecules do not possess stereoisomers?

1 Br
2 Br
Br
3 Br
Br
H3C
CH3
7
The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of
A B C D
1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 only
are correct are correct are correct is correct
No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.
18 Reaction of ethene with chlorine in the presence of aqueous potassium bromide gives a
mixture of products.
Which of the following compounds exist in the product mixture?
1 CH 2 BrCH 2 OH
2 CH 2 ClCH 2 Cl
3 CH 2 ClCH 2 OH
19 Which of the following reactions are examples of electrophilic addition?
H 2C CH2 + 2BH3 H 3C CH2BH2

1
H 3C I
2 H3C C CH + I2 C C
I H
3 H 2C CR2 + H2 H 3C CHR2
20 Three 100 cm3 water samples (labeled A, B and C) are each contaminated with varying
concentrations of a contaminants, as shown in the table below.
Label Contaminant Concentration (mol dm–3)
A Ba(NO 3 ) 2 3 x 10–3
B BaF 2 5 x 10–3
C NaF 1
Which of the following solutions will precipitate BaF 2 (K sp = 1.8 x 10–7) when they are
mixed together?
1 A with B
2 A with C
3 B with C
8
2014 Year 5 H2 Chemistry Promo P1 Answer Key
Question Question
1 C 11 B
2 D 12 D
3 D 13 D
4 A 14 A
5 B 15 A
6 C 16 B
7 A 17 B
8 D 18 C
9 B 19 B
10 C 20 C
9
Section A
Answer all questions in the space provided.
1 Planning
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it decomposes to form sodium carbonate

according to the reaction:
heat
NaHCO 3 (s) ½ Na 2 CO 3 (s) + ½ H 2 O(l) + ½ CO 2 (g) 'H
This enthalpy change during this reaction, 'H is difficult to measure directly, so an
indirect method is used.
By determining the enthalpy change for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 below, it is possible
to obtain indirectly the enthalpy change for the decomposition of sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
Reaction 1: Na 2 CO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) o 2NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 'H 1

Reaction 2: NaHCO 3 (s) + HCl(aq) o NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 'H 2
You are provided with 5 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, solid sodium carbonate and solid
sodium hydrogencarbonate. Experiment 1 was carried out to determine 'H 1 . A known
mass of sodium carbonate was reacted with 50.0 cm3 of 5 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid
(excess). The reaction mixture was stirred and the highest temperature reached is
recorded.
4.3 J is required to raise the temperature of 1.0 cm3 of any solution by 1 qC.
(a) Given the following data, show how the enthalpy change of reaction between solid
Na 2 CO 3 and hydrochloric acid, 'H 1 , can be determined.
Data
Mass of weighing bottle and solid sample / g a

Mass of weighing bottle and residual solid / g b
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid / oC T1
T2
Final constant temperature of hydrochloric acid / oC
where T 2 > T 1
[1]
10
(b) Construct a suitable energy cycle and use it to show how 'H can be calculated from 'H 1
and 'H 2 .
[2]
(c) Experiment 2 is carried out to determine 'H 2 . The procedure for Experiment 1 is
repeated, using solid sodium hydrogencarbonate in place of solid sodium carbonate.
In a preliminary investigation, the enthalpy change for Reaction 2 is found to be

approximately +28.5 kJ mol–1.
Suggest a suitable mass of solid sodium hydrogencarbonate that could be used for
Experiment 2. Justify your choice with relevant calculations, stating any assumptions
made.
You may assume a temperature change of 5 qC.

[2]
11
(d) Describe the detailed procedure to find the enthalpy change for Reaction 2. In your plan,
you should:
x include appropriate apparatus, masses and volumes of reagents;

x allow for the plotting of a suitable graph to correct for surrounding heat transfer;
x draw table(s) with headings to show the measurements you would make.
[5]
Table(s)
12
(e) Draw a sketch of the graph that you would expect to obtain in the experiment. Indicate
clearly on the graph the initial and final temperature that you would read.
[1]
(f) Suggest and state a reason for a safety precaution for the experiments.
[1]
[Total: 12]
2 Four samples of known masses of ethanoic acid were placed in separate closed vessels.
The temperature in all the vessels was 120 °C. The results were as shown.
Sample Density / g m–3 Pressure / atm average M r

5
1 1.25 x 10 6.83 60
5
2 9.49 x 10 31.00 x
4
3 1.88 x 10 51.69 119
4 3.17 x 104 86.13 120
(a) (i) Calculate the average relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid, x, for sample 2.
13
(ii) Explain the change in average M r of ethanoic acid as the pressure is increased
gradually.
(iii) Draw the structure of the predominant species of ethanoic acid at high pressures.
[5]
(b) The label on the bottle of ethanoic acid is misplaced and the acid is mixed up with an
unlabelled bottle of dilute hydrochloric acid.
A student proposes to add in 1 cm3 of aqueous NaOH to 5 cm3 of each acid in two
separate boiling tubes. The pH of both resultant solutions is measured before and after
two drops of concentrated nitric acid is added to it.
Explain qualitatively if this method works in identifying the two acids.

[3]
[Total: 8]
14
3 L–ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient and is required for the
synthesis of collagen in humans. The diagram below shows the structure of ascorbic
acid:
HO OH
2
C C 3
4
O C1 CHCH(OH)CH2OH
O
(a) State the hybridisation of C–4 and draw the hybrid orbitals, indicating the bond angle.
Deduce the molecular shape with respect to C–4.
Drawing of hybrid orbitals

Hybridisation Molecular shape
(with the bond angle indicated)
_______ _________________
[2]
(b) State the total number of isomers of L–ascorbic acid.

[1]
15
(c) Ascorbic acid is a weak diprotic acid which can be represented as H 2 A.
It dissociates in water according to the following equations:
H2A + H2O HA– + H 3 O+ K a1 = 5.6 x 10–2 mol dm–3

HA– + H 2 O A2– + H 3 O+ K a2 = 5.4 x 10–5 mol dm–3
A 10 cm3 sample of 0.100 mol dm–3 of ascorbic acid was titrated with 0.100 mol dm–3 of
sodium hydroxide.
The titration curve for the above titration was given below.
pH
X point Y
Vol. of NaOH/cm3
(i) Explain why the value of K a1 is larger than K a2 .
(ii) Calculate the initial pH of ascorbic acid.
16
(iii) Explain, with the aid of appropriate equation(s), if the pH at point Y is less than 7, at
7 or more than 7.
(iv) Calculate the pH of the solution when 45 cm3 of sodium hydroxide was added to the
sample.
[7]
[Total: 10]
4 The Shell process involves the free radical substitution of gaseous propene to give
3–chloropropene at a high temperature of 400 °C.
(a) The propagation steps of the free radical substitution are as follows:
(i) Identify the catalyst involved in the propagation steps of the Shell process.
(ii) This process also produces small quantities of CH 2 CH(CH 2 ) 2 CHCH 2 .

Explain how this might arise.
[2]
17
(b) At a lower temperature, propene can react with chlorine via a different mechanism to form
a product with molecular formula C 3 H 6 Cl 2 .
Name the type of reaction and describe the mechanism for this reaction, including curly
arrows showing the movement of electrons, and all relevant charges.
[3]
Type of reaction:
Mechanism:
(c) Two organic compounds, J and K, both with the molecular formula C 4 H 7 Cl, are subjected
to several chemical tests in order to elucidate their structures.
(i) The chemical tests and the results are recorded in the table below.
Fill in the blanks for the type of reaction and the deduction of structure based on
observation of each test result.
Reagent &
condition
Type of
used in Compound Observation Deduction(s)
Reaction
chemical
test
Decolourisation
J of cold dilute
Cold alkaline KMnO 4 occurred.
KMnO 4 (aq)
No
K decolourisation
observed.
Effervescence of
gas.
J Decolourisation
of hot acidified
Hot acidified
KMnO 4 occurred.
KMnO 4 (aq)
No
decolourisation
K
or gas production
observed.
18
(ii) Through analysis with a polarimeter, J was found to rotate plane polarised light at
an angle of +34q while no optical rotation was observed for K.
Deduce and draw the structures for J and K.
J: K:
(iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between J and hot acidified potassium
manganate in the second test, showing the structure of the organic product formed.
[5]
[Total: 10]
19
Section B
Answer all questions on the writing paper provided.
1 Dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 , exists as a colourless crystal that sublimes at 47 qC. In the solid
state, each formula unit of N 2 O 5 consist of two ions. Each ion contains only one nitrogen atom
with an oxidation state of +5. In the gaseous state, N 2 O 5 exists as a molecule.
(a) (i) State the formulae of the two ions in the solid state and draw the ‘dot–and–cross’ diagram
for the anion.
(ii) Each N 2 O 5 molecule consists of an N–O–N bond. Draw the Lewis structure for N 2 O 5 in
the gaseous state and suggest the different bond angles in the molecule.
[4]
(b) Gaseous N 2 O 5 can be produced by the following reaction sequence in the car engine.
I N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) o 2NO(g) ¨H = +180 kJ mol–1

II NO(g) + 1/ 2 O 2 (g) o NO 2 (g) ¨H = –57 kJ mol–1
III 2NO 2 (g) + 1/ 2 O 2 (g) o N 2 O 5 (g) ¨H = –55 kJ mol–1
(i) Suggest why reaction I is endothermic.
(ii) Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant that is often produced in car engine. Suggest how the
pollutant can be removed in the car engine.
(iii) The standard enthalpy change of formation of N 2 O 5 is –43.1 kJ mol–1.
By writing a balanced equation, explain what is meant by the standard enthalpy change
of formation of N 2 O 5 .
(iv) By drawing a suitable energy cycle and using the data in (b) and (b)(iii), calculate the
enthalpy change of sublimation of 1 mole of N 2 O 5 .
[6]
(c) The gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide produced in reaction III in (b) can undergo decomposition to
give a brown gas and a colourless gas, according to the equation:
N 2 O 5 (g) ĺ2NO 2 (g) + 1/ 2 O 2 (g) ¨H = +55 kJ mol–1
The rate of this decomposition can be investigated by monitoring the concentration of nitrogen
dioxide produced. The data shown in the table below was obtained during the decomposition of
2.00 mol dm–3 dinitrogen pentoxide at 380 K.
Time / min [NO 2 ] / mol dm–3

0 0
20 1.88
40 2.88
60 3.36
80 3.64
100 3.80
120 3.88
(i) Briefly describe a method by which the rate of decomposition could be monitored.
20
Plot the data given in the table on Page 11 on suitable axes. Show all your workings and draw
clearly any construction lines on your graph.
Use the graph to determine:
(ii) the order of reaction with respect to N 2 O 5 ;

(iii) and calculate a value for the rate constant. Include units in your answer.
[5]
(d) A two–step mechanism has been proposed for this decomposition of N 2 O 5 :
step 1: _____________________
step 2: 2NO(g) + O 2 (g) 2NO 2 (g)
(i) Write a balanced equation for step 1 for the proposed mechanism.
(ii) In step 2, the rate constant for the forward reaction and backward reaction are found to
be 2.6 x 103 dm6 mol–2 s–1 and 4.1 dm3 mol–1 s–1 respectively at 380 qC.
Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K c . Hence, calculate a value for K c ,
stating its units.
(iii) Sketch an energy profile diagram for the proposed mechanism represented by
step 1 and step 2. Label your diagram clearly with the reactants, products and relevant
enthalpy change. Numerical values of the enthalpy changes are not required.
[5]
[Total: 20]
21
2 The solubility of solid lead iodate(V), Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , in water is low.
The K sp of lead iodate(V) could be determined through the following steps, via titrimetric
analysis.
A sample of the salt is mixed with 1 dm3 water to form a mixture, where an equilibrium
between the solid salt and its aqueous ions is established.
Pb(IO 3 ) 2 (s) Pb2+(aq) + 2IO 3 –(aq)
Step 1: The mixture is filtered and the filtrate collected for step 2.
Step 2: When excess solid KI is added to 500 cm3 of the acidified filtrate, a
comproportionation reaction occurs and iodine is liberated.
Step 3: The liberated iodine in a 25 cm3 aliquot of the resultant solution (from step 2) is
then titrated with 12 cm3 of 0.001 mol dm–3 sodium thiosulfate.
2S 2 O 3 2–(aq) + I 2 DTĺI–(aq) + S 4 O 6 2–(aq)
(a) Write a balanced reduction half–equation and the overall ionic equation for the
comproportionation reaction in step 2.
[2]
(b) The mixture must be filtered in step 1 before KI is added to the filtrate collected.
(i) Explain why it is necessary to filter the mixture before adding KI.
(ii) Describe how the end–point of the iodine–thiosulfate titration could be determined.
[4]
(c) (i) Calculate the amount of iodine liberated in 500 cm3 of the acidified filtrate in step 2.
(ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate the concentration of iodate(V) ions in the acidified filtrate.
(iii) Write an expression for the solubility product of lead iodate(V) and determine its value,
using your answers in (c)(ii). Include the units for your answer.
[4]
(d) The tendency for the dissolution of lead iodate(V) to reach the state of equilibrium is driven
by the Gibbs free energy, 'GT and this relationship can be defined by the following equation:
'GT = –RT ln K sp , where R is the gas constant
(i) Using the above equation and your answer in (c)(iii), calculate 'HT for the dissolution
of lead iodate(V), given that 'ST = +200 J K–1 mol–1.
(ii) Explain how the positive signs of 'HT and 'ST relate to the changes that occur at the
molecular level for the dissolution of the salt.
[4]
22
(e) A student attempts to synthesise compound A from liquid hexa–2–ene. He adds aqueous
bromine to hex–2–ene and stirs the mixture for some time, in the absence of light.
Br
Br2(aq)
Br
hex–2–ene compound A
(i) Explain why compound A will not be the major product formed and give the structure
of the major product formed.
(ii) After the synthesis, the student attempts to extract compound A from the reaction
mixture using liquid pentane.
He adds liquid pentane into the reaction mixture and two immiscible layers are
formed, after shaking the mixture thoroughly. Compound A will preferentially
dissolve in one of the layers.
Given that the density of pentane is 0.63 g cm–3, state and explain which solvent
layer will have more of the dissolved compound A.
Solvent 1
Solvent 2
[6]
[Total: 20]
23
Dunman High School
2014 Year 5 H2 Chemistry Promotional Exam
Paper 2 Section A
1 Planning
When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it decomposes to form sodium carbonate

according to the reaction:
heat
NaHCO 3 (s) ½ Na 2 CO 3 (s) + ½ H 2 O(l) + ½ CO 2 (g) 'H
This enthalpy change during this reaction, 'H is difficult to measure directly, so an
indirect method is used.
By determining the enthalpy change for Reaction 1 and Reaction 2 below, it is possib
possible to
obtain indirectly the enthalpy change for the decomposition
decompoposi
sition of sodium
tion sod
hydrogencarbonate.
Reaction 1: Na 2 CO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) o 2NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(

O(l)
O(ll) + CO
O 2 (g
(g)) 'H 1
Reaction 2: NaHCO 3 (s) + HCl(aq) o NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(
O(l)
O l) + COO 2 (g
(g)) 'H 2
You are provided with 5 mol dm–3 hydrochlor

hydrochloric
oric
or
ri acid,
acidd, solid
so
s olilid sodium
sod
so diium ccarbonate
arbo
ar bona
nate
t and solid
s
sodium hydrogencarbonate. Experiment 1 was wa
as carried
ca
arr
rriie
ed oou
out ut to
to determine
det
eter
ermine 'H
mine 'H 1 . A kn
known
mass of sodium carbonate was reacted 50.0
reactted with 50
5 .0 cm m3 o off 5 momol dmdm–3 hy
hydrochloric
hydrdrochloric acid
(excess). The reaction mixture was
as stirred
was rred and
stirr
rr d the
nd the highest temperature
tem
empera
ratu reached is
ture reache
recorded.
4.3 J is required to raise

se
se the
h temperature
the tem
mpe
p ra e off 1.0 cm3 of any
r ture any solution by 1 qC.
(a) Given the follow owin

owing da
following ata
data,a, sh
sshow
ow hhowow
w tthe
he e ntha
nt
tha
h lp
enthalpypy change
change of reaction between solid
s
Na 2 CO 3 an
and
nd hydrochloric
hydr c d, '
drocchlorric acid,
droc
dr aci 'H
H 1,
1 c
can
caa be determined.
de
et e
er m
mi ned.
Expt
Mass
Ma
ass
s off weighing
weighiing bottle
we bottlle and
and solid
an solililid sample / g
so a
Mass
Ma
ass
s of weighing
weig
ig
ghing
ng
g bottle
bot
ottl
t e and
a d residual solid / g
an b
o
Initiall te
temperature
emp
mper
erratturre of
o hhydrochloric
ydrochloric acid / C T1
T2
Final cons
constant
nssta
n tant temperature of hydrochloric acid / oC
ant temperature
where T 2 > T 1
[1]
50x 4.3x (T2 T1 ) (T2 T1 )
'H 1 = = 22790
( a b) / 106.0 ( a b)
(b) Construct a suitable energy cycle and use it to show how 'H can be calculated from 'H 1
and 'H 2 .
[2]
'H
NaHCO 3 (s) ½ Na 2 CO 3 (s) + ½ H 2 O(l) + ½ CO 2 (g)
+ HCl(aq) 'H1 + HCl(aq) ½ 'H2
NaCl (aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g)
24
By Hess’ Law,
'H = 'H 1 – ½ 'H 2
(c) Experiment 2 is carried out to determine 'H 2 . The procedure for Experiment 1 is
repeated, using solid sodium hydrogencarbonate in place of solid sodium carbonate.
In a preliminary investigation, the enthalpy change for Reaction 2 is found to be

approximately +28.5 kJ mol–1.
Suggest a suitable mass of solid sodium hydrogencarbonate that could be used for
Experiment 2. Justify your choice with relevant calculations, stating any assumptions
made.
You may assume a temperature change of 5 qC.

[2]
No heat gained from surroundings (where heat absorbed by reaction
rea
act
ctio n equals
ion equ
eq uals heat lost
los by
water) OR no heat lost by polystyrene cup
K NaHCO3 x 28500 = 50 x 4.3 x 5
K = 0.0377 mol
NaHCO3
mass of NaHCO 3 to be used = 0.0377
0.037
77 x 84.0 = 3.17
3.17 g
3.
(d) Describe the detailed procedu

procedure
ure to find
d th
tthe
e en
enthalpy
nth
thal
alpy
py cha
change
ange forr Re
Reaction 2. In your p
plan,
you should:
x include ap
appropriate
appropr
p riatte apparatus,
ap
appaara
atu masses
t s,, m es and
asse and volumes
an vollu
volu
vo umes of reagents;
x allow
w for
f r th
fo thee plottingg of
plottting
ng of a suitable
uitiable graph
su gra
aphh to
to correct
correct for surrounding heat transfer;
transfe
x draww table(s)
table(s
(s)
(s with
s) wi
w thhh headings
eadinggs to sshow
hoow th
the
em measurements
easurements you would make.
[5]
Procedure
Prro
P roceddurre
1 Using
U in
Us ng a weighing
w ig
we ghhiing
n balance,
ba ance,
alann weigh accurately 4.000 g of sodium sod
2 hydrogencarbonate
hyydr
d ogencarbon o a
on te in
atte n a weighing bottle.
Usinng a me
Using m eas
asururring
u
measuring cyllinder, add 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid into a dry
r g cylinder,
cy
3 polystyrene
polysttyr e e cup.
yren
en cuup.
p. S upport the polystyrene cup on a 250 cm3 beaker.
Support
Stir the ssolution
olut
ol
olut
utio
tio
i n gently using the thermometer.
4 Start the stopwatch.
s opwatch.
st
Record the temperature of the solution in the polystyrene cup using a
5 thermometer, at 1 min interval for 3 min
At exactly 4 min, tip the solid NaHCO 3 into the water. Do not measure the
6 temperature at this time.
7 Stir the solution gently and record the temperature of the solution at 4.5 min.
Continue to stir and record the temperature at 30 s intervals until solution returns
to room temperature.
8 Reweigh the weighing bottle and residue after experiment.
25
Table
Mass of weighing bottle and solid / g m1
Mass of weighing bottle and residue after

m2
experiment / g
Mass of solid NaHCO 3 used/g m1– m2
Time / min Temperature of solution / oC
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
:
:
(e) Draw a sketch of the graph that you would e expect

x ect to
xp oo obtain
bta
bt aiin in
in the experiment. Indicate
Indi
clearly on the graph the initial and final temperature
tempe
era
r tu e that
ure hat you
tha ou would
yo
y would read.
wou
wo
[1]
(f) Suggestt and

S d state
t t a reason ffor a safety
f t precaution
ti ffor th
the experiments.
i t
[1]
Wear gloves to avoid direct contact with HCl(aq) as it is of high concentration.
2 Four samples of known masses of ethanoic acid were placed in separate closed vessels.
The temperature in all the vessels was 120 °C. The results were as shown.
Sample Density / g m–3 Pressure / atm average M r
1 1.25 x104 6.83 60
26
2 9.49 x 104 31.00 x
3 1.88 x 105 51.69 119
4 3.17 x 105 86.13 120
(a) (i) Calculate the average relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid, x, for sample 2.
ȡ57
Mr
P
9.49 x 104 x 8.31 x 393
31.00 x 1.01 x 10 5
= 99
(ii) Explain the change in average M r of ethanoic acid as th the

he pr
pres
pressure
essu
sure is incre
increased
gradually.
M r of ethanoic acid increased with increasing pressure.
At low pressure, ethanoic acid exists as monomers, monome ers
s, a an
and
nd Mr ((ethanoic
etha
et hano
noic acid)
acid =
Mr(CH 3 COOH),
At higher pressure, more and more ethanoic etha
anooicc a
acid
ciid mo
c m
molecules
olle
eccu
ule
l s ex
exis
exist
istt as dimers by
forming hydrogen bonds between two o acid
acid molecules.
ac mol
olec
olecul
u es. This
Thiis
Th s increases
incre
reas
ases the
the average
average Mr
M as
the Mr of an ethanoic acid dimer
er = 2 x Mr
Mr (CH
( H 3 CO
(C COOH)
COOH
OO )
(iii) Draw the structure of the

e pr
pred
red
edom
dom
min
nan
nt sp
predominant spec
eccie
e i s off e
species thanoic acid at high pressure
ethanoic pressures.
[5]
(b) The label on the bottle of ethanoic acid is misplaced and the acid is mixed up wi
with an
acid.
unlabelled bottle of dilute hydrochloric acid
A student proposes to add in 1 cm3 of aqueous NaOH to 5 cm3 of each acid in two
separate boiling tubes. The pH of both resultant solutions is measured before and after
two drops of concentrated nitric acid is added to it.
Explain qualitatively if this method works in identifying the two acids.

[3]
[Total: 8]
Yes the method may work. Adding of aqueous NaOH to the boiling tube containing
ethanoic acid forms a buffer solution which consists of ethanoic acid and sodium
ethanoate. The ethanoate ions will react with the conc nitric acid and remove it, hence pH
27
remains almost unchanged before and after 2 drops of conc. nitric acid is added.
However, for the other tube containing aqueous HCl, the pH of the solution will decrease
significantly when conc. nitric acid is added since there is an absence of buffer.
3 L–ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient and is required for the
synthesis of collagen in humans. The diagram below shows the structure of ascorbic
acid:
HO OH
2
C C 3
4
O C1 CHCH(OH)CH2OH
O
(a) State the hybridisation of C–4 and draw the hybrid orbitals, indicating the bond angle.
ang
Deduce the molecular shape with respect to C–4.
[2]
Drawing of hybrid orbitals
Hybridisation Molecular
M le
Mo ecu
cula shape
l r sh
shap
a e
(with the bond angle indicated)
sp3 109.5°
10
09
9..5
.5° tetrahedral
tetrah
ahed
edral
(b) State the total number of isomer

isomers
ers of L
er L–ascorbic
–asco
co
c orb
r ic acid.
ac
cid.
[1]
4
(c) Ascorbic acid is a weakk diprotic
dip
pro
r ttiic acid
ic ac
cid
dwwhich
hiich can
h be
nbe represented
re resented as H 2 A.
repr
epr
pre
It dissociates in
n water
ater according
wa accoord
dinng too the
h following
follo
lo
owi equations:
wing equations:
H2A + H2O A– + H 3 O+
HA K a1 = 5.6 x 10–2 mol dm–3
A– + H 2 O
HA A2– + H 3 O+ K a2 = 5.4 x 10–5 mol dm–3
A 10 cm3 sa
sample
amp
m le of 0.
0.100
.10
00 mol
mo
m dm–3 of ascorbic acid was titrated with 0.100 mol dm––3 of
ol dm
sodium hydroxide.
hyd
dro
roxi
xiid
x de
e.
e
The titration cu
urv
rve
e fo
curve ffor
or tthe
he above titration was given below.
pH
Vol of NaOH/cm3
28
(i) Explain why the value of K a1 is larger than K a2 .
Successive dissociations involve losing of H+ from an increasingly negatively

charged ion, making the loss of H+ increasingly more difficult.
(ii) Calculate the initial pH of ascorbic acid.

> @
H K a1 x c
5.6 x10 2 x0.100

= 0.07483 mol dm–3
Initial pH of ascorbic acid = –lg (0.07483) = 1.13
(iii) Explain, with the aid of appropriate equation(s), if the pH at point Y is less than 7,
at 7 or more than 7.
At point Y, salt hydrolysis occurs.

A2– + H 2 O A– + OH–
HA
– +
Since OH > [H 3 O ] [ ½ ], pH at end–point is basic at pH > 7
(iv) Calculate the pH of the solution when 45 cm3 of sodium

sod
diu
um hy
hyd
hydroxide
droxxid
ide
e wa
was
as added to
the sample.
moles of excess OH– added = 25/1000 x 00.1

0.
.1
0.0025
002 mol
= 0.00
0025
00
0.0025
[excess OH–] = =0
0.
0.04545
.0454
04
454 ol dm–3
5 5 mol
mol
mo
55
1000
–lg(0.04545)
45) = 1.342
pOH = –lg(0.04545
45 1.34
342
342
pH = 14 – 1.342 = 12
12.7
2.7 (3 s.f.))
[7]
[Total: 10]
4 The Shell
Sh
hel
el p process
pr
roc
roc e s involves
oces i volvess the
in the free
ee radical substitution of gaseous propene to give
fre
3–chloropropene
3–chloropr
prop
pr pene att a high
op gh temperature
hig te
emp e ature of 400 °C.
mper
er
(a) The propagation

i n steps
propagattio step
st ps off the free radical substitution are as follows:
ep
(i) Identify the catalyst involved in the propagation steps of the Shell process.
•Cl
29
(ii) This process also produces small quantities of CH 2 CH(CH 2 ) 2 CHCH 2 .
Explain how this might arise.
[2]
This occurs in chain termination step.
CH 2 =CHCH 2 • + CH 2 =CHCH 2 ĺ&+ 2 =CHCH 2 CH 2 CH=CH 2
Accept equation or explanation in words.
(b) At a lower temperature, propene can react with chlorine via a different mechanism to form
a product with molecular formula C 3 H 6 Cl 2 .
Name the type of reaction and describe the mechanism for this reaction, including curly
arrows showing the movement of electrons, and all relevant charges.
[3]
Electrophilic addition
(c) Two organic ccompounds,

c co m ou
mp o nd s J and
ds, and K,
K, both with h the
witith the molecular
th m lecular formula C 4 H 7 Cl, are subje
mo subjected
to several cchemical
heemicaal tests
te s in n order tto
oe ellucid
uccid
idat
idat
elucidateate their
ate th
hei
eirr structures.
(i) Th
T he chemical
The chh ttests
essts
t and
annd the
e results
res
e u ullts are
rree recorded in the table below.
Fill
Filll iin the
n th blanks
he bl
b anks k ffor
ks or the type
he typ
y e o
yp off reaction and the deduction of structure base based on
observation
ob
bses rvattio n off each
ion each h test
test result.
est ressul
u t.
t
Reagent/
t
t/
Type
T
Type of
used
Condition use
s d
se Compound Observation Deduction(s)
Deduction(
Reaction
in chemical test
stt
Decolourisation of
Contains C=
C=C or
C ld alkaline
Cold lk li J cold
ld dilute KMnO
dil t KM O4
alkene
potassium Mild oxidation occurred.
manganate(aq)
No decolourisation
K
observed.
Effervescence of
gas. Contains
J Decolourisation of terminal C=C or
Hot acidified Strong/
hot acidifed H 2 C=C
potassium Complete
KMnO 4 occurred.
manganate(aq). oxidation
No decolourisation
K or gas production
observed.
30
(ii) Through analysis with a polarimeter, J was found to rotate plane polarised light at an
angle of +34R while no optical rotation was observed for K.
Deduce and draw the structures forJ and K.
H Cl
J: H 2C K: OR
HC CH3
Cl
Cl
(iii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction between J and hot acidified potassium
manganate in the second test, showing the structure of the organic product formed.
form
H
J: H 2C
HC CH3
+ 5[O] o + CO2 + H2O
Cl
[5]
[Total: 10]
[Tota
31
Paper 2 Section B
1 Dinitrogen pentoxide, N 2 O 5 , exists as a colourless crystal that sublimes at 47 oC. In the solid
state, each formula unit of N 2 O 5 consist of two ions. Each ion contains only one nitrogen
atom with an oxidation state of +5. In the gaseous state, N 2 O 5 exists as a molecule.
(a) (i) State the formulae of the two ions in the solid state and draw the ‘dot–and–cross’
diagram for the anion.
Cation: NO 2 +
Anion: NO 3 –
(ii) Each N 2 O 5 molecule consists of an N–O–N bond. Drawaw the

the Lewis
L wi
Le wis
s structure
s ru
st uct
ctur
u e for N 2 O 5
in the gaseous state and suggest the different bond angles
ang
ngle
les
s in the molecule.
mol
olec
ecul
ule
e.
[4]
(b) Gaseous N 2 O 5 ca
can
an be
b produced
pro
r du
roduce
ced by the
the
he following
fol
ollo
llo
lowi
owiing reaction sequence in the
th car
engine.
I N 2 (g) + O 2 J
Jĺ12J
Jĺĺ 12J J
J ¨
¨HH=+ 180 kJ mol–1
+180
1
III NO
NO(g
( ) + / 2 O 2 J
NO(g) Jĺ12
J ĺ12 J ¨H = –57 kJ mol–1
12 2 J
J¨H
1
IIII
II
II 2N
2NO
NO 2 (g
(g)
g) + / 2 O 2 J
Jĺ1
J
ĺ g) ¨H = –55 kJ mol–1
ĺ 1 2 O 5 ((g)
(i) Suggest
gesst why
Sugg hy reaction
wh re
eacction I is
tion
tion is endothermic.
amount
The amou n of
ount
ou
unt of energy required to break the strong bonds in the reactants (i
(i.e. the
1Ł1 and O=O)
O=O) is not fully compensated by the amount of energy released from
fro the
NO bond formation.
(ii) Nitrogen dioxide is a pollutant that is often produced in car engine. Suggest how the
pollutant can be removed in the car engine.
The nitrogen dioxide is converted to nitrogen and oxygen gas in the catalytic
convertor in the car engine.
(iii) The standard enthalpy change of formation of N 2 O 5 is –43.1 kJ mol–1.
By writing a balanced equation, explain what is meant by the standard enthalpy

change of formation of N 2 O 5 .
N 2 (g) + 5/ 2 O 2 (g) ĺ1 2 O 5 (s)
32
(iv) By drawing a suitable energy cycle and using the data in (b) and (b)(iii), calculate the
enthalpy change of sublimation of 1 mole of N 2 O 5 .
[6]
By Hess’ law,
¨H 1 = –(–43.1) +180 + 2(
2(–57)
(–57
57)) – 55
57 1 kJJ mol–1
55 = +54.1
(c) The gaseous dinitrogen pentoxide

pentox
xidee produced
pro
rodu
d ce
du ced in
n step
ste
tep
p III in
n (b) can
n undergo
undergo decomposi
decomposition to
give a brown gas and a colourless
olourlesss gas,
col g s, according
ga ccording to
ac o the
the equation:
eq
e quation:
N 2 O 5 J
Jĺ12
Jĺ
ĺ 1
12 g) + 1/ 2 O 2 (g
2 2 (g
(g) ((g)
g) ¨H = +55 kJ mol–1
¨H
The rate of of this

this decomposition
deccom
o po
position ca
can n be
be investigated
inv
nves
e tiigated by monitoring the concentration
es concentrat of
nitrog
gen
en dio
nitrogen oxide pro
dioxide odu
d ce
ced. The data
produced. data
ata shown in the table below was obtained during
at durin the
decomposition
decomp on of
possitio of 2.00
2.00 mol m–3
m l dm
mo –
dinitrogen
diniitrrog
gen pentoxide at 380 K.
Time
me / min
Time min [NO 2 ] / mol dm–3
0 0
20 1.88
40 2.88
60 3.36
80 3.64
3 64
100 3.80
120 3.88
(i) Briefly describe a method by which the rate of decomposition could be monitored.
The concentration of NO 2 could be monitored by measuring the colour intensity of the brown
NO 2 using a colorimeter as absorbance (colour intensity) is Į>12 2 ].
Plot the data given in the table on Page 11 on suitable axes. Show all your workings and
draw clearly any construction lines on your graph.
33
(ii) the order of reaction with respect to N 2 O 5 ;
0 20 40 60 80
80 1
10
1000 1
12
120
20 140
time
me
e / min
From the graph, since t 1 = t 2 = 2

22
2 min, the half
h
ha
half–lives
alff–live
ve
es are
are constant.
constantt.
Hence, the reaction is first
s orderr with
wiitth respect
re
esp
spec
ect
c to
to N 2 O 5 .
(iii) and calcul

lat
a e a value
calculate valu
l e for
fo
or the
e ra
ate
e cconstant.
rate onsttan
ant.
t. Include
Incclud
lu
ude units in your answer.
[5]
k = ln
n 2 / 22 5 min–11
0.0315
2 = 0.03
315
(d) A tw
two–step
wo–
–step mechanism
me
echa
hani
nism has
ni as been
bee
een proposed for this decomposition of N 2 O 5 :
step
tep 1:
st 1: _____________________
__________
__
____
_____
__
___
___
________
2:: 2N
step 2 2NO(g)
NO(
O(g)
O(g)
g + O 2 (g
(g) 2NO 2 (g)
(i) Write a ba
balanced
alanced equation for step 1 for the proposed mechanism.
anc
12J 3/ 2 O 2 (g)
N 2 O 5 (g) ĺ12J
(ii) In step 2, the rate constant for the forward reaction and backward reaction are found
to be 2.6 x 103 dm6 mol–2 s–1 and 4.1 dm3 mol–1 s–1 respectively at 380 qC.
Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K c . Hence, calculate a value for K c ,
stating its units.
K c = [NO 2 ]2 / [NO]2[O 2 ]
K c = 2.6 x 103 / 4.1 = 6.3 x 102 mol–1 dm3
34
(iii) Sketch an energy profile diagram for the proposed mechanism represented by step 1
and step 2. Label your diagram clearly with the reactants, products and relevant
enthalpy change. Numerical values of the enthalpy changes are not required.
[5]
2 The solubility of solid lead iodate(V), Pb(IO 3 ) 2 , in water is lo

low.
ow.
The K sp of lead iodate(V) could be determined through

throug
gh the
the following
th ffo
olllowin
ng steps,
step
steps, via titrimetric
tit
analysis.
A sample of the salt is mixed with 1 dm3 wa water

ate
er to
t fform
orm a m
or
orm mixture,
ix
xtur
ure, w
where
here
here an equilibrium
equ
between the solid salt and its aqueo
aqueous
eouss ions
eo ion
on
ons is established.
est
s ab
ablished.
Pb
b(IO
O 3 ) 2 (s
Pb(IO ((s)
s) P 2+
Pb2
aq) + 2IO 3 –(a
(aq)
((a (aq)
q)
Step 1: mixture
ure iss ffiltered
The mixtu and
iltered an
a the
he filtrate ccollected
d th ollle
ect
cteed for step 2.
Step 2: When
Wh n excess
hen cesss solid
exc solild KI is
so s a ed to 500 cm3 of the acidified filtrate,
added
ddded filt a
comp
mppro
opo
p rrttio
onation reaction
comproportionation rea
eact
eact
ctio
io
on occurs
occu
oc cu
urs
s and
and iodine is liberated.
Step
ep
p33:: The libe
The
Th era
rate
liberatedted
d iodi
dine
din iin
iodine 2 cm3 aliquot of the resultant solution (from step
n a 25 st 2) is
3 –3
tthen
th en titrated
rated with
tittra w th
wi h 12
2 cm
cm of 0.001 mol dm sodium thiosulfate.
2S 2 O 3 2–(aq) + I 2 DTĺ
2S I–(aq) + S 4 O 6 2–(aq)
DTĺI
(a) Write a balabalanced

ncced reduction half–equation
anced f equation and the overall ionic equation for the
half–
comproportionation
comproportiona t on reaction in step 2.
ati
[2]
[R]: IO 3 –(aq) + 6H+(aq) + 5e o ½I2 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l)
[O]: 2I–(aq) o I2 (aq) + 2e
Overall: IO 3 –(aq) + 5I–(aq) + 6H+(aq) o 3I2 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l)
(b) The mixture must be filtered in step 1 before KI is added to the filtrate collected.
(i) Explain why it is necessary to filter the mixture before adding KI.
The salt mixture must be filtered to separate the insoluble Pb(IO 3 ) 2 from the
dissolved ions. The presence of the solid will cause the solubility equilibrium to shift
toward the ions as dissolved iodate(V) ions are reacted away by KI, according to Le
Chatelier’s Principle. This renders the determination of the equilibrium concentration
35
of iodate(V) ions impossible.
(ii) Describe how the end–point of the iodometric titration could be determined.
[4]
Starch can be used as the indicator to detect the end–point. It is added when the
brown iodine solution turns pale yellow. The end–point is then reached when the
blue–black iodine starch complex turns colourless.
(c) (i) Calculate the amount of iodine liberated in 500 cm3 of the acidified filtrate in step 2.
2S 2 O 3 2– { I 2
n iodine in 25 cm3 aliquot = ½ n thiosulfate = ½ (0.012 x 0.001)
= 6.00 x 10–6 mol
3 –6
n iodine in 500 cm filtrate = (6.00 x 10 /25) x 500
= 1.20 x 10–4 mol
(ii) Hence or otherwise, calculate the concentration of iodate(V) io

oda
date
te((V) io acidified
ions in the a
filtrate.
IO 3 – { 3I2
n iodate(V) in 500 cm3 filtrate = 1/3 n iodine
= 4.00 x 10–55 mo
moll
m
– –5
[IO 3 ] in filtrate = 4.00 x 10 /0.500 = 8 x 10 0––55 m
mol
mo dm–3
ol dm–3
(iii) Write an expression for the th

he solubility
so
olu
l bib lity product
pro
ro
od
du uct of lead iodate(V)
iod
oda
ate(V
V) and determ
determine its
value, using your answers
answwer
e s in
in (c)(ii).
(c)(ii)). In
nclude
Includee tth
he units for yo
the yyour
ur answer.
[4]
K sp = [Pb2+][IO 3 –]2
= (8 x 10–55 x ½)(8
½)((8 x 100–5
–5 2
)
–13
3 3
2.56
= 2.
.56
6 x 100 m mol
mo d 9
ol dm –9
–
(d) The tendenen

ncy forr the
tendency he dissolution
he dis
i solution
n of
of lead
le
ead iod
odat
odate((V) to reach the state of equilibrium is driven
ate(
at
iodate(V)
th
he
by thee Gibbs
Gib
bbs free e energy,
en 'GT an
nerrgy, 'G and this relationship can be defined by the following
fo
equation:
equati
tion:
tion
ti n
'GT = –RT ln K sp , where R is the gas constant
'G
(i) Usingg th
he ab
the a ove eq
ov
above e uation and your answer in (c)(iii), calculate 'HT for the dissolution
equation dis
odat
od e(V), given that 'ST = +200 J K–1mol–1.
d iiodate(V),
of lead datte(V
e(
'GT = –(8.31)(298) ln(5.54 x 10–11)

= +58.49 kJ mol–1
'G = 'HT –T'ST
T
'HT = +58.49 + (298)(0.200) = +118 kJ mol–1
(ii) Explain how the positive signs of 'HT and 'ST relate to the changes that occur at the
molecular level for the dissolution of the salt.
'HT > 0 as a large amount of energy is required to overcome the strong ionic bonds
between the Pb2+ and IO 3 – ions in the giant ionic structure, thus it is an endothermic
reaction.
'ST > 0 as system gets more disordered since there is an increase in the number of
particles.. In addition, the ions in the ionic solid are organised in a rigid lattice
structure whereas the ions in aqueous solution are free to move randomly through
36
the solvent.
[4]
(e) A student attempts to synthesise compound A from liquid hex–2–ene. He adds aqueous
bromine to hex–2–ene and stirs the mixture for some time, using a magnetic stirrer, in the
absence of light.
Br
Br2(aq)
Br
hex–2–ene
hex–2–
x ene compound A
(i) ed and
Explain why compound A will not be the major product formed nd give the sstructure
of the major product formed.
When aqueous bromine is used, the large amount of H 2 O m molecules

ole
ecu
cule
les
s present
pres
pr e ent will act
interme
me
edi
d atte (bromonium
as the nucleophile to attack the carbocation intermediate (bromo
(b moninium
um ion),
ion), instead
ins of
the Br– ions.
OH Br
Br OR HO
(iii) After the synthe esis, the

synthesis, he student
stu
tude
tudent
de nt attempts
att
t em mpptts to extract
extract
xtt compound A from the rreaction
liqu
mixture using liquid q idd pentane
pentane.n . He e adds
adds liquid
liqu
qu
quid
uid
dp en ntane into the reaction mixtu
pentane mixture and
immi
miisc
s ible
two immiscible e lay ayer
ay ers a
er
layers r fformed,
re
are o me
or ed,
d, aft ter shaking
after shahaki
aki
k ng
n the mixture thoroughly. Comp
Compound A
will pr fe
re ereentiallllly di
preferentially d sssol
olve
lve
dissolvev inin one ofo the
the
he layers.
layyers.
Give
v n that
ve
Given at the
at the
h density
de
en
nsity off pentane
pent
pe ntan
nt ane
an e isi 0.63
0.63
.66 g cm–3, state and explain which solvent
layer
lay have
yer will hav more
ave mo
av m ore of the didissolved
d ssolve
ss ed compound A
ve
Solvent 1
Solvent 2
[6]
[Total: 20 marks]
Solvent 1 will have more of dissolved compound A as it is the less dense pentane
layer.
Molecules of compound A can form favourable van der Waals’ forces of comparable
strength, compared to the original interactions, with pentane molecules. The
solvation process releases sufficient amount of energy to allow compound A
molecules to intermingle with pentane molecules and dissolves.
37

2014 H2 Chem Promo (DHS) - PK

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2014 H2 Chem Promo (DHS) - PK

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Name: Index Number: Class:

DUNMAN HIGH SCHOOL

Additional Materials: Optical Mark Sheet

1 A 3.78 g sample of citric acid (C 6 H 8 O 7 , M r = 192) was dissolved in a 100 cm3 of

They are labelled W, X, Y and Z in the table below.

What is the identity of element Y?

18-crown6 18-crown6/K+ complex

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A Dative bonds are formed between K+ and 18-crown6 in this reaction.

5 Which of these compounds SRVVHVVıDQGʌERQGV"

[NO] / mol dm3 [H 2 ] / mol dm3 t 1/2 with respect to NO/s

Enthalpy change of formation of methanol, CH 3 OH (g), is 204 kJ mol1.

What is the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of carbon?

A +726 kJ mol1 B  1134 kJ mol1

A PV against P (at constant T)

2SO 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2SO 3 (g)

What is the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide at equilibrium in atm?

A 0.11 B 0.17 C 0.22 D 0.34

10 A complex reaction (2A + B + C+ o F) was found to have the following reaction

What is the change in entropy when 126 g of ice melts at 0 RC?

A 22.0 J K1 B +154 J K1

What is the pH of the resulting solution?

A 1.92 B 2.16 C 2.72 D 3.15

Which of the following is a possible structure for compound Y?

The responses A to D should be selected on the basis of

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

16 Sulfurous acid dissolves in water to establish the following equilibria:

H 2 SO 3 (aq) H+(aq) + HSO 3  (aq) pK a1 = 4.8

HSO 3  (aq) H+(aq) + SO 3 2 (aq) pK a2 = 7.0

1 [H+] > [HSO 3 ]

17 Which of the following organic molecules do not possess stereoisomers?

No other combination of statements is used as a correct response.

Which of the following compounds exist in the product mixture?

19 Which of the following reactions are examples of electrophilic addition?

H 2C CH2 + 2BH3 H 3C CH2BH2

Label Contaminant Concentration (mol dm–3)

When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it decomposes to form sodium carbonate

Reaction 1: Na 2 CO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) o 2NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) 'H 1

Mass of weighing bottle and solid sample / g a

In a preliminary investigation, the enthalpy change for Reaction 2 is found to be

You may assume a temperature change of 5 qC.

x include appropriate apparatus, masses and volumes of reagents;

Sample Density / g m–3 Pressure / atm average M r

Explain qualitatively if this method works in identifying the two acids.

Drawing of hybrid orbitals

(b) State the total number of isomers of L–ascorbic acid.

H2A + H2O HA– + H 3 O+ K a1 = 5.6 x 10–2 mol dm–3

(ii) Calculate the initial pH of ascorbic acid.

(ii) This process also produces small quantities of CH 2 CH(CH 2 ) 2 CHCH 2 .

Deduce and draw the structures for J and K.

I N 2 (g) + O 2 (g) o 2NO(g) ¨H = +180 kJ mol–1

(i) Suggest why reaction I is endothermic.

(iii) The standard enthalpy change of formation of N 2 O 5 is –43.1 kJ mol–1.

N 2 O 5 (g) ĺ2NO 2 (g) + 1/ 2 O 2 (g) ¨H = +55 kJ mol–1

Time / min [NO 2 ] / mol dm–3

Use the graph to determine:

(ii) the order of reaction with respect to N 2 O 5 ;

(d) A two–step mechanism has been proposed for this decomposition of N 2 O 5 :

step 2: 2NO(g) + O 2 (g) 2NO 2 (g)

Pb(IO 3 ) 2 (s) Pb2+(aq) + 2IO 3 –(aq)

2S 2 O 3 2–(aq) + I 2 DT ĺI–(aq) + S 4 O 6 2–(aq)

'GT = –RT ln K sp , where R is the gas constant

When sodium hydrogencarbonate is heated, it decomposes to form sodium carbonate

18-crown6 18-crown6/K+ complex

A Dative bonds are formed between K+ and 18-crown6 in this reaction.

5 Which of these compounds SRVVHVVıDQGʌERQGV"

[NO] / mol dm3 [H 2 ] / mol dm3 t 1/2 with respect to NO/s

Enthalpy change of formation of methanol, CH 3 OH (g), is 204 kJ mol1.

A +726 kJ mol1 B 1134 kJ mol1

10 A complex reaction (2A + B + C+ o F) was found to have the following reaction

A 22.0 J K1 B +154 J K1

H 2 SO 3 (aq) H+(aq) + HSO 3 (aq) pK a1 = 4.8

HSO 3 (aq) H+(aq) + SO 3 2 (aq) pK a2 = 7.0

1 [H+] > [HSO 3 ]

2S 2 O 3 2–(aq) + I 2 DTĺI–(aq) + S 4 O 6 2–(aq)

5.6 x10 2 x0.100