Craeme PENS oa la FIGURE P15-14 1S-1S The fuel mixer ina natural gas burner mixes methane (CHL) with aie to form a combustible mixture Determine the mass flow res atthe two inlets nceded 19 pro duce 0.5 kgs of an ideal comunion mixture atthe out. 15-16 Butane (CM) is bumed with stoichiomeric amount of oxygen. Determine the mole fraction of carbon Gioxide and water in the products. Alo, calculate the mole umber of carbon dioxide in the products pet unit mole of fuel burned 15-17. Propane fuel (C\H) is burned with stoichiometric amount of ait, Determine the mass fraction of each product. Also, calculate the mass of water inthe products aie requied por unit of fuel mass burned. ISIN n-Octane CCalelate the mass fraction of eae! is burned with tochiomr anwunt product and the mass of water in the products per unit mss of fuel burned Also, calewate the mass fraction of each reactant 15-19 Acetylene (CH,) is bumed with 10 percent excess oxygen in a cutting torch, Determine the mass fraction of cach of the products, Calculate the mass of oxygen used per tit mass of acetylene burned 15-20 Butane fue! (CH) is bumed with a 100 percent excess air Determine the mole fractions ofeach of the pr tts, Also, calculate the mass of carbon dioside inthe prod ‘ets per anit mass of the fuel and the aif atic I-21 wOetane (C)H)) is bumed with $0 pesceat excess tir Caleulate the mass fraction ofeach product and the mass ‘of water inthe products per unit mass of fuel bumed. Als, cael the mass fraction ofeach reetant 15-22 ttyl akohol (C,H,OH) is tamed wit excess ai Caleulate the mole Factions of the products formed fand the reactants, Als, calculate the mass of water and oxy {gerrcontained inthe prodvets per unit mas of fel burned. of Prob 15-22 15-28 Calle the aire Gasoline (assumed CH, is burned steadily with ar in aet engine. I the air-fuel ra is 18 kg aie Wel, deer amine the of theoretical process, 15-288 percent air used during. this Ethylene (CHa) is burned with 175 percent theo durmg a combustion process. Assuming complete combustion and a wtal pressure of 145 pis, determine (a) the air-fuel ratio and prenlcts, the dew-point temperature of the 15-26 Propylene (CHa) is burned with 50 percent excess tir during a combustion process, Assuming complete com Tustin and a total pressure of 108 kPa, determine (a) the aie-fue} ratio and (h) the temperatare at which the wate ‘vapor in the proviuts will start condensing 15-27 Butane (Cyt) is burned in 200 percent theoretical ur. For complete combustion, how many Kno! of water mast be sprayed into the combustion chamber per kino! of fuel if ‘deve-point tempera esse fs 100 KP omfustion ae ture of 60°C when the product p the products of 1 have 15.28 A fol mistuce of 60 pescent by mass methane (CH,) thant (CHO), is bumed co tT the tal flow rate of the Tues 10 kp ‘etermine the reed Now rate of sir 15.29 A certain natural gas his the following volumetric percent CH, 8 percent Hy, 18 percent No 3 por and 6 percent CO. This gas is now buted com: pletely with the stoichiometric amount of dey air, What th Bit fel rato for this combs : Repeat Pro 5 por 15.34 volumetric analysis of 45 per cent CH, 35 pereent Hand 20 percent N, is burned 40 con pletion with 130 percent theoretical ait. Determine (a) the Sir-fuel ratio and (b) the fraction of water vapor that would ‘condense if the product gates were cooled to 25°C mn process 1530 5-29 by replacing the dry ar by moist combustion chamber at 25°C, 1 atm, and A gascous fuel with oY at 15.32 BW Reconsider Prob. 15-31, Using EES (or other) software, study the effects of varying the per CH, Ho and Ny making op the fuel and the prod uct gas temperature i the range 5 to 150°C 18 with dry a nalysis of the products is 1006 pereent CO; CO, 10:69 percent, and 78.83 percent, Carbon C) is bumed The volumetric (O42 percent Determine a) the ir used IS.A4 Methane (CHL) is burned ith dey ai. The volumstic snalyss ofthe products on a dry basis is 5.20 percent CO: 048 percent CO. | ent Ox, and 83.23 percent NY Detennine (a) th n-Octane aie with 13 perce (CHa) is burned with 100 percent excess the carbon in Uh fuel forming cacbon monoxide. Calculate the mole fractions of the products andthe dew: point temperature ofthe water vane in the product when the products are at 1 atm pressure E35) Methy! alco! (CH,OH) i ued with 100 percent aston in the fe comerted to CO, and 40 percent combustion process, 60 percent ofthecomerted to CO. Write the balanced reaction oquation and determine the aie fue ratio con _ ==! a | =e iT FIGURE P15-36 15.37 Ethyl alcohol (CH,OH) is burned with soickiomet Fic amount of sie. The combustion is incomplete with 10 per. tent (by volume) of the carbon in the fue! forming carbon ‘monoxide and 5 percent of the hydrogen forming OH, Caleu late the apparcat moteculat weight of the product 15.38 A coal from Colorado which has an ulinate analy sis (by mass) as 79.61 percent C, 466 3.70 pe ent Oy, 183 percent N;, 0.52 percent S, and 8.62 percent ash (non-combustible) is burned with stoichiometc amon of sir. Neglecting the ash constituent, calculate the mass frac tions of the products and the moss of air required per unit mass of coal bucre 15.39 A coal from Ilinois which hus an ultimate analysis sss) 867.40 porcent C, 5.31 percent Hs, 15.1F percent (0, 1:44 percent Np, 236 percent S, and 8.38 percent ash (oon mbustbies) is bured sith 40 percent excess air. Calculate the mass of sir required jer nit mass of coal burned und the apparent meeular eight of the product eas neglecting the {80 constituent Enthalpy of Formation and E alpy of Combustion difer from ‘What is enthalpy of combustion? How does it we enthalpy of reaction? 41 What is enthalpy of formation? How does it aif from the enthalpy of combustion? 18-420 What are the higher and the lower heating values ‘of a fuer” How do they differ? How is the heating valve ofa fuel related to the enthalpy of combustion ofthat ful? 43C When are the enthalpy of formation andthe enthalpy of combustion identical” IS-44C Does the enthalpy of formation of a substance change with temp The I of Ny is Hsted a 2er0, Does this mean that NN, contains no chemical energy tthe standard reference sae 15.400 Which contains more chemical energy. | kmol of Hy oF I kmol of HO? 15-47 Determine the enthalpy of combustion of methane (CHL) at 25°C snd atm, using the enthalpy of formation data from Table A-26, Assume tht the water in the products {sin the lguid form. Compare your result 1 the value listed in Table A-27 Reconsider Prob, 15-87. Using EES (or other) software, study the effect of temperature on the cnthalpy of combustion, Plot the enthalpy of combustion as a fanction of temperature over the range 25 10 600°C 19) Ethane (C.H,) is tured at atmospheric pressure with stoichiometric amount of air a the oxidizer. Determine the beat rejected, in KUkivol fuel. when the products and reactants are at 25°C, and the water appears inthe products 15-50 What is thé minimum pressure of the products of Prob, 15-49 which will assure that the water inthe products wil be in vapor form? 15-S1Caleulate the HHV and LHV of liquid propane fuel (C\H). Compare your results with the values in Table A-27 15-52 Calculate the HHV and LHV of gaseous n-octane fuel (GyH,). Compare your results with the values in Table A-27 3 Calculate the higher and ower bea from Ilkinois which has an ukimate analysis (by mis) 38 6740 parent C, 3.31 percent Hs, 15.11 percent Ox, 14% percent Ni, 236 percent, and 8.38 percent ah (non-combusible). The enthalpy of formation of SO; is ~297.100 k”Amol First-Law Analysis of Reacting Systems IS-S4C Derive an energy balance relation for # reacting closed sysem undergoing a quasi-equlibrium constant pres ‘ure expansion or compression process. IS-58C Consider a complete combustion process during Which both the reactints and the products are maintained at the same state. Combustion is achieved with (a) 100 percent theoretical ait, 6) 200 percent theoretical ar, and (c) the hemicaly corect amount of pure oxygen. For which case wil the amount of heat transfer be the highest? Explain. which the reactaes ener the combustion chamber at 20°C and the products feave at 700°C. Combustion is achieved with (a) 100 percent theoretical it, (b) 200 percent theoretical st, and {e) the chemically corect amount of pure oxygen. For which case will the ammount of eat transfer be the lowes? Explain, Consider 4 complete combustion process during Propane fuel (C,H) is burned with an air-fuel ratio of 25 in an atmospheric pressure heating furnace, Determine the heat tansfer per kilogram of fuel burned when theoa iene temperature of the products is such that liquid water just begins to foum in the produets 15-SH a-Octane gas (Clq) #8 bumed with 100 percent excess air im a constant pressure burner The air and this bumer steadily at standard conditions and the products of combustion leave at 257°C. Caleulate the heat transfer, in ‘ig ful, during this combust FIGURE P15-58 15-59 Propane fuel (C.Hg) a 25°C is mixed steadily with 50 percent excess ait at SOD 'C in an almaspheric pressure combustor. Combustion products feave at 150(C volumetric flow rate of the Determune the rat ‘of eat transfer i this combustor. (Gad) Methane (CH) is bed compel wih es ‘biometric amount of air during a steady-Nhow combustion process I both the reactants and the prec 125°C and | am and he water in the products exist in the determine the heat transfer from the combustion chamber during this process, What would your answer be if combustion sere achicved with 100 percent excess at 15-618 Diesel fuel (Cit) at 77°F is burued in a steady flow combustion chuber with 20 percent excess ar that als centers a 77°F. The products leave the combustion chamber at 800 R. Assuming combustion is complete, determine the required mass flow rate of the diesel fuel to supply beat ata rate of 1800 Bs, 15-62 ena! from Texas which has an ulin {by mass) as 39.28 percent C, 6.93 percent Hs 1.11 percent 9 percent S, and 11.20 percent ash {on-combustibles) is burned steadily with 40 percent excess air in a power plant boiler. The coal and air enter this boiler at sandard 0 1 the products of combustion i the ‘smokestack are at 127°C, Calculate the heat wansfe, in Wkg Include the etfect of the sulfur in the by noting that sulfur dioxide hats a enthalpy 297.100 kiko! and an a $1.7 EKOlK, fuel, in this boiler nergy anal of formation of cee seeing heat at constant pressure of Je Octane 26 (CH) at 25°C is bund steaily 4&6 wih RD percent exces ir at 25°C percent relative humidity. Ase atm. and ing combustion compete ad 1000 K. deter the products Tease the combusion chamber ‘mine the bea transfer for this process pe BB eerie 156. Using EES rhe software, investigate the effect of the amcumt ‘of excess air on the heat transfer for the combustion process. Le the ences ur vary from 0 to 200 percent. Plot the heat vransfer agaist evcese air nd discuss the results 1565 Gaseous propane (CH) is burned in steady ac 100 KPa sith 200 percent theo retical ait During the combustion process percent of the carbon i the fuel is converted to CO; and 10 percent is com (a) the balanced combustion equstion, (8) the dew-point temperature of the prot, in °C. and th hea transfer From the combustion chamber, nk aftr 00 kmol of fel are Burned when the reactants enter the ‘combustion chamber at 25°C and the products are cooled ee vy waned Cr) co 30 H.0Ww 241,820 04 285,831 18-66 A gaseous fuel minvute that is 40 percent propane (CH) and 60 percent methane (CH,) by volume is mixed i and burned in « seady oressre process at 100 kPa, Both the fet and ai enter the combustion chamber at 298 K and undergo a hustion chamber at 39% K. Determine (a) the balanced combustion equation (b) the amount of water vapor condensed from the procs and (6) the required aie flow rae, in kp when the combustion process produces a heal transfer output of 97,000 Ki Tama, eg 241,820 34.28 285,83 3 5.24 0.14 29.27 15-67 Gascous E10 fet is 10 percent ethanol (C,H,0) and 9 percent (C,H) on a kmol bass, This fuel is turned swith 110 percent theoretical aig, During the eombus ion proces, 90 perseat of the carbon inthe fue! is convened 0 CO. and 10 percent is converted to CO. Determine1S-76C A fuel at 25°C is burned in a welkinsuated steady-flow combustion chamber with sic that is als at 25°C Under what conditions will the adiabatic Mame temperature ofthe combustion process be a maxim? 15-77 Hydrogen (H.) at 27°C is burned with $0 per 48° cent excess air that is also at 27°C during an atic steady low combustion process, plete combustion, determine th exit emperature of the pro bet nes 15-78 (GJ Reconsider Prob, 15-77. Using EES (or other) Software. modify this problem to include the focts buane. ethane, methane, and propane as wel inlude the effets of ilet air and fel temperatures od the percent theoretical ar supplied. Selecta range of input pans eters and uiscuss the results for your ees os Hy 15-79 Estimate the adiabatic flame temperature of a aety lone (CHL) cuting tore, in °C, which wes a stoichiometric amount of pure oxygen. 15-80. Compare the adiahate Name temperature of propane fel (C\H) when it s burned with soiehiomeric amount of sie and wen itis burned with 50 percent excess ai. The reactants are at 25°C and at 1S-81 Liquid octane (C,H) i burned in de constant pre sure, adiabatic combustor of an aircraft engine with 0 per cent excess at. Te air enters this combustor at 600 KP. an SOTPC. and the Fel i injected ito the combustor at 25°C Estimate the temperature at which the produits of combu tion leave the comity 15-82 A coal from Pennsylvania has an atimate analysis (by mass) as 84.36 poreeat C, 1.89 percent Hy, 4.40 percent 0, 0.63 percent Ny, O89 percent S. nd 7.83 percent ash (n-comnbusibes) is burned ian industrial boiler with [00 percent eaces it. This combustion i incomplete with 3 percent (by volume) of the carbon in the products forming carbon FIGURE 15-82 monoxide. What isthe impact of the incomplete combustion fn the adiabatic flame temperature in °C, a5 compared to when the combustion is completo? Neglect the effect of the sult on the energy balance 83) An adiabatic constan-volume tank contains @ mix THAE-OF | kmat of hydrogen (H.) gas and the stichiometic amount of air a 25°C and I arn. The contents of the tank are now ignite. Assuming complete combustion, determine the Final teraperature in the tank, IS-84 Methane (CH,) is burned with 300 percent excess sit in am adiabase constant volume container. Intl ait and at 1 tty and 25°C. Assuming complete combs tion, detennine the final presse and emperatue ofthe com bastion products, Entropy Change and Seco of Reacting Systems SC Express the increase of entropy principle for chem: scully reacting systems. 15-860 How ae the absolute entropy values of ideal gases a pressures iferent from ¥ atun determined? 87° What does the Gibs function of format compound represent? wn gi ofa 15-88 2 hmol of Ht 25°C and 1 atm is bored sealily with kmol of ©, atthe same sist. The HyO formed during the process is then brought to 25°C and 1 atm. the conditions of the suroundings. Assuming combustion is complete, determine the reversible ork ai exergy dexiuction for this process 89 Ethylene (C:H,) gas enter an adiabatic combustion ‘chamber at 25°C and 1 atm and is barned with 20 percent ‘excess ali that enters at 25°C and 1 aim. The combustion is und the products leave the combustion chamber at Assuming T, ~ 25°C, determine (a the tery erature ofthe products, and (eth 1) Liquid ovtane (C\Hy) enters a steady: flow combos. tion chamber at 25°C 12 of 0.25 kpimin. Wis burned with 50 percent exces ae that also enters at 25°C and | atm. After combustion, the products ate allowed to cool t 25°C. Assuming complete combustion and tht all the HO in