Control Application

LVDT
Also called (linear variable differential transformer) is used for measuring linear
displacement (position). It converts linear displacement to electrical signal. They have no
friction loss, so they are highly efficient and they also have low power consumption.

The current is supplied through primary coil at A, this will induce current at secondary coil B.
They are used in a numerous place like satellite, nuclear reactor, power turbines. As the core
which is sliding inside the tube does not touch it, it moves without friction, making the LVDT
a very efficient device.

Strain Gauge
It is used to measure strain on an object, invented by Arthur Ruge and Edward Simmons in
1938. When we stretch the conductor such that it does not break or deform permanently, we
make it narrower and longer, which increases its overall resistance. Similarly, when we
compress the conductor such that it becomes broaden and shorter, we decrease its overall
resistance. A strain gauge has thin and long zig-zag pattern of parallel conductive strip.
As we can see that, as area narrows, resistance increases, and when compression happens,
resistance decreases. This resistance change is measured using a Wheatstone bridge. It is
related to the strain by gauge factor (quantity used in strain gauge).

RTD
Stands for resistance temperature detector, are devices (or sensors) used to detect
temperature. RTDs have repeatability and higher accuracy.

thin firm PRT (platinum resistance thermometers)

Most of the RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant
ceramic or glass core. RTD wire is typically of platinum nickel or copper. The advantages of
RTD includes, high accuracy, large operating range, very suitable for high precision
applications.