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Technical Report
RP/1981-1983/3/6.C/03 MALDIVES
Action for disadvantaged
young people

National Youth Policy

by
Mir Sarfaraz Husain

Serial N o . F M R / S S / Y T H / 8 4 / 1 4 3

11 [ j [ J United Nations Educational, Scientific

^^^=. and Cultural Organization

Paris, 1984
 MA LDIVES

NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY

by Mir Sarfaraz Husain

Report prepared for the Government

of the Republic of Maldives by the
United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization (Unesco)

UNESCO
Technical Report
RP/1981-1983/3/6.C/03
FMR/SS/YTH/84/143 (Husain)
6 June 1984
© Unesco 1984
Printed in France

The designations employed and the presentation of the

material in this document do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization concerning
the legal or constitutional status of any country, territory
or sea area, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION

II. THE NATIONAL SETTING IN RELATION TO YOUTH ...

III. ACTIVITIES OF THE MISSION

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ANNEXES

1. Structure of government
2. Transportation distances
3. Population by five-year age-groups and sex
4. National Youth Council Membership
5. Activities of Maldives Youth Council,
January-July 1984
6. Map of Maldives
7. List of persons met
8. Structures of proposed National Youth Council
I. INTRODUCTION

1. A general policy on youth was Instituted by the President of the

Republic, H.E. Mr Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, when he established the National
Youth Council on 2 August 1980. The Council was to function under the direct
supervision of the President's Office.

2. Pursuant to this initiative, the Government of the Maldives requested

the services of a consultant mission from Unesco. A consultancy mission was
carried out under Unesco's Regular Programme for 1981-1983 from 24 December
1983 to 23 January 1984, with the following terms of reference:

'In consultation with the concerned Ministry, and in co-operation with

the Youth Council, the Maldives National Commission for Unesco, and
other appropriate authorities:

(a) assist in defining the elements of a National Youth Policy based on

the guidelines set forth by the President of the Republic;

(b) advise on the possible restructuring of the National Youth Council

with attention to specificity of goals and objectives;

(c) assist in designing a series of youth programmes in consultation

with the Youth Council.

3. The mission's plan of activities was drawn up in close consultation with

Mr Abdullah Rasheed, Senior Under-Secretary, Ministry of Education,
Secretary-General of the Maldives National Commission for Unesco, and
Executive Secretary of the National Youth Council. The consultant was
assisted throughout by Mr Abdul Latheet Mahmood, the Youth Affairs Officer of
the National Youth Council. The Minister of Education and Chairman of the
National Youth Council, H.E. Mr Mohamed Zahir Hussain, took a personal
interest in the mission's progress and made available all the facilities of
his Ministry and the Council. The consultant is also grateful to the Minister
of Home Affairs and Social Services, H.E. Mr Omar Zahir who accompanied him
personally to project sites, especially on islands away from Male and spared
no effort to provide the logistical support of his ministry.

4. The consultant had the benefit of exchanges with other government

institutions and with the representatives of Specialized Agencies, namely
Mr Jacob Guijt, Resident Representative of the United Nations Development
Programme, representatives of the United Nations Children's Fund and the
World Health Organization and the International Labour Organisation. Frequent
contact was maintained throughout with Mr Peter Hart, Unesco Primary
Education Advisor and Team Leader for Education Development, from whom the
consultant received the fullest support. A list of all persons and
establishments visited is given in Annex 7.

5. The mission coincided with that of two other Unesco consultancy

missions.(*) These provided valuable information on the socio-economic
conditions of youth ouside the capital, the National Campaign against
illiteracy and an insight to the cultural heritage of the islands.

(*) 1. Dr A.K. Jalaluddin (ROEAP) who assisted the government in the

designing, organization and preparation of training materials for a
National Literacy Workshop; and
2. Mr Roland Silva (CLT/CH who advised the government on Cultural
Heritage and preservation of National Monuments.
 - 2 -

6. In a country where geography is a formidable barrier because of the

distances between the islands and difficulties of transport and
communications, the consultant appreciated the facilities extended by the
government for his field trips.

II. THE NATIONAL SETTING IN RELATION TO YOUTH

Geography, culture and historical background

7. The Republic of Maldives is an archipelago of some 1,300 small coral

islands grouped in _19_ clusters or 'atolls' forming an 819 km long narrow
chain, 130 km at its widest point, strung over an area of 90,000 sq km in the
centre of the Indian Ocean. The total land surface of the country is 298 sq
km and only 202 of the islands are inhabited. India, the nearest land mass
lies 595 sq km east of the northernmost atoll, while Sri Lanka the next
nearest neighbour is 670 km south-east of Male the capital of Maldives.

8. Most of the islands are low lying none more than two metres above sea
level and protected by faroes or a ring of outer reefs: they vary in size
from patches of coral or small sandbanks to real islands. Most are less than
1 sq km and Male has an area of approximately 1.6 sq km.

9. Natural vegetation is tropical and more abundant in the Southern atolls

where rainfall is heaviest. Agricultural potential, however, is limited by
the high alkalinity of the soil, its poor water retention capacity and lack
of nitrogen.

10. The Maldives does not possess any mineral resources, but its potential
lies in the ocean and under the waters of its lagoons among multi-coloured
coral reefs where exotic tropical ocean fish, crustaceans, turtles, seaweed
and shells are not only a major tourist attraction but represent one of the
worlds' richest marine life reserves.

11. History suggests that the islands were settled in the fourth and fifth
century B.C. by Immigrants from Sri Lanka and parts of India inhabited by the
Sinhalese. Later, traders from the other parts of the Indian Ocean Littoral
left their imprint on Maldivian culture. Islam is the State religion.

12. The Maldivian language, Dhivehi, originated in Elu (old Sinhala). The
script, Thana, is based on Arabic and Persian characters. English is the
second most widely used language and others spoken include Arabic, Urdu and
Sinhala.

13. The Maldives has always been sovereign except for two brief periods
under the Portuguese (in the sixteenth century) and the British (status of
Protectorate since 1887). It acquired its full independence in 1965. In 1968,
the Sultanate was replaced by a Republican Constitution in which a Citizens
majlis (unicameral parliament) elected by universal adult suffrage nominates
the President of the Republic, who is subseqently confirmed in a nationwide
referendum. In the absence of organized political parties, the President
holds all executive and judiciary powers. Citizens rights, as defined in the
Constitution, include freedom of speech and assembly, equality before the
law, property holding rights not ownership - which is invested in the
government. The legal system is based on the Shari'ah (Quranic Law).

14. The organizational structure of government comprises the President's

Office, thirteen line ministries, numerous departments, agencies, councils
(including the National Youth Council) and committees, functioning under it
(cf. Annex 1 ) .
 - 3 -

15. The islands are divided into nineteen administrative atolls, each headed
by an atoll chief appointed by the President. Every inhabited island has a
government-appointed chief (Khatib), and one or more mosque functionaries
(Mudims). These regional and local officials are responsible for the
maintenance of peace and order, collection of statistics, implementation of
government policies, and the conduct of the health and education systems in
the islands.

Major economic activities

16. The fisheries sector accounting for one-third of the GDP remains the
mainstay of the Maldivian economy and continues to play an important social
role. 29,000 people or 44 per cent of the employed labour force are working
as fishermen, or in related activities, such as drying, salting and canning
of fish and in boat building and repair. The sector is undergoing major
structural transformations with sharp decline in dry, salted and smoked fish
exports, and a rapid increase in fresh fish exports. These have been
accompanied by an intensive drive for the motorization of fishing vessels. In
the medium-term, product diversification including processing, improved
fishing techniques, continued mechanization, further research and development
are foreseen.

17. The Maldives Shipping Line (MSL), the government-owned shipping line
operating as an independent profit-making enterprise between the Far-East,
the East coast of Africa and the Middle-East, has expanded its fleet and
average size of its vessels, from twenty-nine to fo.rty-one between 1978 and
1981. It contributes to the equivalent of 10.5 per cent of government
revenues, and has been instrumental in encouraging foreign investment in the
Maldives.

18. Tourism, has overtaken the fisheries sector and is today generating
twice as much in gross foreign exchange earnings. Its contribution to the GDP
has risen from 9 to 15 per cent between 1978 and 1982, and employment in its
labour force has increased from 1,090 largely unskilled male workers to
approximately 2,930 (1981). Room capacity has tripled and the number of
resorts more than doubled. While linkages with the local economy were few in
the past, tourism and tourism-related jobs are beginning to have a beneficial
impact on the development of skills in the hotel and catering trades; in
construction and simple engineering sectors - refrigeration and power
generation, motorboat and electrical equipment maintenance. Higher wages in
this sector have also had a strong multiplier effect on construction and
services industries, particularly in and around Male. Owing to the physical
isolation of the resort islands, the social and cultural impact of tourism
has been small. There is great scope for this sector's further expansion and
the recent Tourism Development Plan (May 1983) takes into account the
institutional, infrastructural and manpower requirements in the medium- and
long-term.

19. Agriculture, which accounts for only 10 per cent of the GDP and
employment plays a minor role in the economy and is primarily a means by
which the islanders supplement their meagre earnings from fishing. Primary
agricultural activity is small, consisting mainly of subsistence gardening
around homesteads where much of the fruit, vegetable crops and coconuts are
grown. A total cultivable area of only 2,800 hectares (6,900 acres) almost
half of it located in 23 islands, poor soil conditions have been major con-
straints. Nevertheless, there is potential for increased food production for
local consumption, given more efficient cultivation practices, provision of
skilled manpower, adequate economic incentives, better transport and market-
ing. The focus of agricultural development is on coconut rehabilitation, the
 - 4 -

supply of food to the tourism sector, and the establishment of integrated

programmes in selected agriculturally important atolls.

20. The major manufacturing sector in the Maldives consisting of cottage

industries, handicrafts, boat-building and repair, production of coral-based
construction material, and a few small food and beverages enterprises, is
primarily engaged in producing for the home market. There is also a small
export-oriented tuna cannery, a mica fabrication plant for electronic
components, and two garment factories. This sector's contribution to the GDP
has remained about 10 per cent but employment in it has been considerable: in
1980 an estimated 14,500 people or 22 per cent of the working age population,
of which 75 per cent were women. Although this sector has been limited by the
size of the market, level of development, lack of physical, institutional and
legal infrastructure, there is potential for its growth, particularly through
small-scale industrial development with backward and forward linkages with
fisheries, tourism, agriculture and other governmental services and
programmes. About 3,100 people or 4.7 per cent of the working age population
are employed in construction.

21. The remaining sectors, namely, commerce, transport and communications,

banking, real estates, public administration and other services have grown
rapidly (by 11.6 per cent per year) since 1978.

22. In spite of the development of communications between the islands,

inter-island transport remains an important constraint to national
integration and development (cf. Annex 2 ) . The radio and telecommunication
network plays a vital role in this context.

Population and employment trends

23. The population of Maldives was estimated as 165,000 in 1982. The

government anticipates an annual increase of 3.2 per cent in the 1980s, and
the population is expected to reach 278,900 in the year 2000.

24. The high birth rate has contributed to the youthful structure of the
population: according to the 1977 Census, 49.9 per cent was under fifteen.
About 53 per cent of the population is between the ages of 15 and 65, and the
remaining 2.3 per cent over sixty-five. Youth, (defined by the government as
the 15-35 year group), represented 42,687 or a little over 30 per cent of the
total population of whom 11,563 were in Mali, and 31,124 in the atolls (cf.
Annex 3 ) .

25. This population structure indicates that the dependency ratio will
change from its current 1:1 to a more unfavourable one with improvements in
delivery of basic health, education and associated programmes, which have
already significantly increased life expectancy (at birth) from 46.5 years
(1977) to 52.0 years (1983).

26. Excluding Male, the population of the islands are usually small and only
nineteen of them have more than 1000 inhabitants. Average population per
island is 564. Male has a population of 34,000 in an area of 1.6 sq km, which
means a density of 19,000 per sq km. If one excludes Male from the cal-
culation, population density drops from 479 per sq km to 380. The population
of Male is expected to grow by 4.5 per cent per year and reach about 53,000
inhabitants by 1990.

27. Migration between islands has been mostly towards Male, with little
between the atolls. Census data has shown that 86-97 per cent of inhabitants
of various atolls have never resided anywhere other than their own islands.
 - 5 -

28. The near doubling of Maldives population by the year 2000 will present
many problems for the economy, and raise the cost of providing education,
health and other social services, especially those catering to the specific
needs of youth.

29. In the coming decade, youth arriving on the labour market will probably
find some form of gainful employment if the economic performance of recent
years continues. The employment rates are thus expected to remain low (5.8
per cent). The perspectives for youth in Male, however, are less optimistic.
The island already has an unemployment rate of over 15 per cent which is
constituted principally by young school leavers. One out of every two un-
employed persons is under twenty-five years of age. By 1990, this proportion
is expected to increase substantially if its demographic growth is not offset
by more rapid economic development. The scarcity of information on the age
structure of the employed, on the participation of youth in the labour force
and its employment aspirations made it hazardous to forward estimates on
youth likely to remain unemployed in 1990. The National Population Census to
be undertaken in 1985 could make a valuable contribution by providing the
much needed information in this field.

30. The rapid changes in the sectoral employment patterns following the
Republic's modernization programme and expansion of the tourism industry will
have to be accompanied by an upgrading of the qualifications of manpower,
especially of young workers presenting themselves on the labour market for
the first time, if bottlenecks and structural imbalances are to be avoided.
This implies that the training programmes of youth and the educational policy
in general will have to be geared closely to the development priorities of
the Government (namely, expansion of government services, modern
manufacturing and tourist sectors).

Development of the social sectors

31. The educational system in the Maldives comprises:

(a) the informal system, catering to pre-school children ('Kiyaage')

and other youth irrespective of their age ('Maktabs' and
'Madrassas') where emphasis is put on religious education and the
3-R's imparted in Arabic and Dhivehi;

(b) the modern curriculum programme, under the aegis of the Atoll
Education Centres, designed to provide primary education in
Dhivehi;

(c) English medium schools located in Male with courses varying from
the pre-school stage to GCE 'A' levels.

32. In addition to the schools and educational bodies mentioned above, there
are a number of other institutions which provide education and training such
as the Re-habilitation Centre ('islaah'iyya') on the island of Maafushi in
Male Atoll; the Institute of Islamic Studies in Male; the Allied Health
Services Training Centre; the Vocational Training Centre and its offshoot,
the Rural Youth Vocational Training Centres in the atolls. Furthermore, the
government has inaugurated a new teacher-training college recently.

33. The preponderance of the informal system based on the national language
explains the high literacy rates (83 per cent). School enrolment has seen a
marked increase from 15,032 in 1978 to 40,549 in 1983. The formal education
system and facilities are being decentralized from Male with the establish-
ment of Atoll Education Centres (model schools and allied schools): there are
 - 6 -

thirty-one government-sponsored schools and over eighty aided schools in the

atolls compared to none in 1977. Health conditions in the country on the
whole are poor. The situation in Male is relatively better owing to the
availability of cleaner water, sanitation and medical care. The government is
in the process of establishing a network of health care facilities and
efforts are also underway to train health personnel.

34. Outdoor life and sporting activities play a major role in Maldivian
life. Numerous associations and sports clubs (over sixteen for football
alone) exist. The Ministry of Home Affairs and Social Services co-ordinates
national sports policy and promotes competitions between the different clubs
and associations across the country. The lack of space on the islands is a
major constraint to the development of sports infrastructure - only two
national stadiums exist in Male. However, the government is planning the
creation of additional recreational facilities on reclaimed land.

Development issues and priorities

35. On 11 November 1978, H.E. President Maumood Abdul Gayoom took office and
committed his new government to a number of political, legislative and
economic reforms which involved liberalization of the political system, more
decentralized decision-making process, and a major new development programme
to redress past neglect of economic and social infrastructure particularly in
the atolls. Since 1980, he has emphasized the participation of youth in the
national development process. The general development strategy of the
government covers the following principal areas:

(i) increased national income;

(ii) atolls development;

(iii) controlled population growth;

(iv) improved education;

(v) improved health;

(vi) reduced economic dependence;

(vii) reduce migration to Male.

III. ACTIVITIES OF THE MISSION

36. The activities of the mission were drawn up following intensive

consultations with H.E. Mr Mohamed Zahir Hussain (Minister of Education and
Chairman of the National Youth Council) and Mr Abdullah Rasheed (Senior
Under-Secretary Ministry of Education and Executive Secretary of The National
Youth Council), and with reference to the general policy guidelines laid down
by the President of the Republic in his inaugural address to the National
Youth Council on 23 August 1980. The salient features of these guidelines are
given below:

(i) Definition of youth as at 15-35 age-group;

(ii) Improve channel of communication between youth and other

generations, particularly adults;

(iii) Incite youth to participate more actively in development

projects;
 - 7 -

(iv) provide youth the possibility of participating in development

projects and activities of national interest;

(v) promotion of sports and other recreational activities;

(vi) enlarge access to education and link it more closely to

development, community and environmental needs;

(vii) sensitize youth to their national cultural heritage and reinforce

moral education in the wake of growing exposure to external
influences and contacts;

(viii) emphasize health, preventive care and hygiene;

(ix) provide opportunities for skills development and income

generating activities;

(x) leadership training.

37. The timing of the mission coincided with the annual school vacations;
the preparation of the Financial Year reports; the reconstruction and
renovation of the Youth Council's premises; and two other Unesco consultancy
missions. Despite the additional workload resulting from the above factors
and the scarcity of personnel and material resources, the National Autho-
rities made every facility available to assure the success of the mission.
The consultant was therefore able to cover the activities listed below.

A general review of youth participation in training and development

programmes

38. Upon the consultant's arrival in the country, meetings were arranged
with the principal national institutions, international agencies and
non-governmental organizations involved in the development effort. The
purpose of these meetings was to introduce the consultant to the principal
sectors likely to assist in involving youth in development activities, and
moreover, to sensitize them to the urgency of undertaking co-ordinated action
to exploit the potential represented by youth as expressed in the policy
statement of the President.

39. The mission's work plan contained a certain degree of flexibility to

engage the co-operation and participation of as many of the above insti-
tutions as possible in its activities. Without their assistance and logis-
tical support it would have been difficult to visit the projects (especially
those located outside the capital) listed below.

A. Children's Reformatory, Maafushi Island, Kaafu Atoll

40. The shortage of educational facilities and the lack of employment oppor-
tunities for the young, together with high migration to Male, have in recent
years led to many economic and social problems - high divorce rates, broken
homes, delinquency and criminality among juveniles and orphans.

41. To remedy this situation, a rehabilitation centre for children, the

'Children's Reformatory' was established by the government (under the adminis-
tration of the Ministry of Home Affairs and Social Services) in collaboration
with the Maldives Shipping Line (MSL) on Maafushi island about seventeen
miles south of Male with the dual objective of reforming delinquents and to
provide basic vocational skills for gainful employment. Since its establish-
ment in 1979, there appears to have been a drop in delinquincy among
 - 8 -

children: the model age of offenders has shifted to 20-29 years. There are at
present 140 boys between the ages of 5 to 18 who remain in the centre for an
undetermined period. Employment opportunities are offered to them once they
are fully trained.

42. The curricula taught in the five grades includes Dhivehi, religious
studies, English and mathematics. Vocational training covers courses in
electrical and mechanical engineering, carpentry, turning, welding, tinkering
and tailoring. Special emphasis is given to the religious upbringing of the
trainees. The centre also provides sports and recreational facilities
(swimming, football, volleyball, indoor games, radio, television, full
feature and educational films), and has four instructors. The various
technical workshops are well equipped with machines and tools, thus enabling
the trainees to produce goods and render services to the community. It offers
skills at a lower level than those of the Vocational Training Centre in Male,
particularly in the mechanical, electrical and engineering fields, but plans
are underway to upgrade them with the recruitment of more qualified
instructors.

43. With its present facilities, it is capable of turning out 15 to 20

trainees a year. Facilities for 300 trainees for the next five to ten years
are foreseen. In order to upgrade its facilities, it requires books,
newspapers, periodicals and other reading materials to establish a small
library. The recreation facilities also need to be expanded to provide more
opportunities for the trainees.

44. The consultant felt that trained youth counsellors with experience in
the field of juvenile delinquincy were necessary to help in the social
reintegration of the trainees. It was also felt that the latter should be
exposed more frequently to the activities of the outside world and direct
contact with other youth through: (1) community development activities on
Maafushi and other islands; (2) holding national youth camps on Maafushi;
(3) utilizing the premises of the centre for national youth seminars and
other intensive skills development projects; (4) cultural activities;
(5) organizing probationary apprenticeships to initiate the trainees
progressively to the world of work; etc.

45. A sense of purpose and responsibility could be inculcated to the

trainees by associating them in the management of their production activities
and commercialization of their finished products. This would not only bring
the additional income the centre badly needs for its upkeep and renewal of
equipment, but also provide the trainees with incentives through partici-
pation in its benefits, to participate more actively in the programmes. The
government and private sectors should be approached to assist in organizing a
commercial network for the Centre's products.

B. Technical training programmes

(i) The Vocational Training Centre (VTC)

46. Following its recent reorganization to meet the urgent needs for
technical skills, the VTC now offers short and long term training courses of
eight months and two-year duration in refrigeration-air conditioning, diesel
and petrol engine repair, welding and sheet metal work, machine shop
practice, electricity and basic electronics. It has also undertaken the Rural
Youth Vocational Training Programme (referred to below) and has accepted
several youth trainees sponsored by the National Youth Council for short
courses. The co-ordinator of the VTC is a member of the National Youth
Council.
 - 9-

47. It is difficult to evaluate the effects of this short-term training

since it has started recently and few youth have been involved. The principal
constraints appear to be: low level of qualifications (especially in
mathematics, science and English) of the proposed trainees, their hesitation
to undergo more intensive training since it would oblige them to serve the
government on lower salaries compared to the private sector, the VTC's
programmes to their immediate skills requirements and to those of the private
sector.

(ii) The Rural Youth Vocational Training Centre (RYVTC), Thulusdhoo

Island, Kaafu Atoll - approximately 15 miles North of Male

48. The RYVTC, set up with UNDP assistance, is executed by ILO and monitored
by the VTC in Male. Housed in the Community Education Centre, the training
course in handicrafts is run by a Filipino expert (UNV) for fifteen girls and
two boys. The production techniques are based on technology best adapted to
local conditions and raw materials. It is expected that by October 1984,
three of the present trainees will take over the programme as instructors.
Expansion of the project is also planned to diversify the training (to
include workshops for carpentry and jewellery).

49. The trainees have been producing goods such as bags, table mats, boxes,
sandals, hats, etc., made from local raw materials. Their good quality merits
that the possibility of their commercialization on the national and perhaps
even the international markets should be given serious consideration.

(iii) Workshops of the public and private sectors

50. On-the-job training is offered to young apprentices in public and

private workshops, garages, carpentry, boat-building, radio and television
repair and machine tool shops. The training is related to the immediate
requirements of the establishments concerned. Consequently it escapes the
control of official authorities who are inadequately equipped for its
co-ordination or inspection. Since the technical manpower needs exceed the
supply of qualified personnel, the private sector prefers to attract the
personnel already trained rather than invest in training. Moreover, the high
rate of professional mobility of this type of personnel tends to discourage
the training effort. Untrained youth are attracted to this sector by the
relatively high pay. Once they have acquired a certain experience through
on-the-job training, they tend to move on to another firm where they would
probably be considered as 'semi-skilled' workers. The National Youth Council
is examining the question of initiating a co-ordinated approach to the
training of young school leavers and of ensuring a certain job stability
which would not only be to their advantage but also to that of their
employers.

(iv) Basic seamanship and navigation training

51. The Ministry of Transport and Shipping is sponsoring, with international

assistance, the creation of a training school offering a basic course in
seamanship and navigation. These courses will train young ships officers of
the Maldives Shipping Line (MSL). Possibilities are being examined for
providing more general courses requiring lower entrance qualifications for
young sailors and fishermen, and they may even be extended to initiate
school-going children during their vacations.
 - 10 -

C. Centre for the Aged and the Disabled, Guraidhoo Island, Kaafu Atoll

52. The consultant visited the Guraidhoo Centre for the Aged and the
Disabled in order, (1) to help estimate the proportion of youth in the
disabled population; and (2) to study the potential role and contribution of
youth in providing assistance to the diabled in this project and at the
national level.

53. Following the proclamation of 1981 as International Year of the

Disabled, the Government of Maldives initiated measures to help the disabled
and to intensify public concern for their welfare and rehabilitation. A
National Committee for the Welfare of the Disabled was created (1981) to
formulate inter-sectoral government strategies. As a result of a general
national survey in 1981 which identified 1,390 disabled persons (handicapped
- mentally retarded, deaf, mute and blind), the Home for the Aged and
Disabled was established on Guraidhoo Island in Kaafu Atoll, seventeen miles
south of Male, and functions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home
Affairs and Social Services. This centre presently admits ninety-two
patients.

54. Its facilities seem to lack trained staff, adequate medical care, social
activities and vocational training. In view of the total number of disabled
in the country, an expansion of the centre's capacity to 150 patients is
envisaged. Furthermore, in its drive for wider ranging assistance to the
disabled and the elderly, the government has formulated a project to develop
local capabilities for the treatment and training of disabled persons and to
increase the supply of semi-skilled manpower for gainful employment. The
project aims to achieve this through the physical rehabilitation of the
disabled into the normal educational and training channels and provision of
vocational training with the assistance from external sources. Given the
human resources constraints, voluntary assistance of youth in this project is
being studied.

D. National Womens Committee (NWC)

55. The NWC, founded in 1979, consists of eighteen members and a full-time
staff of five working under the President's Office. Two of its Committee
members are also on the National Youth Council and close working links exist
between the two. The NWC has run several national and local conferences,
training courses, exhibitions to promote handicrafts and cottage industries,
better nutrition habits, fund-raising drives, educational radio and
television programmes, and two externally assisted projects (community
development in the atolls and leadership skills development). It has
established local self-supporting committees in each one of the four
administrative sections (Wards) of Male and also one in every inhabited
island in the country.

56. The consultant explored with the NWC ways and means of involving young
women more substantially in development programmes, particularly in view of
overcoming the acute shortage of volunteer workers. It was felt that more
innovative approaches had to be adopted to motivate the interest of
out-of-school and educated girls in development and in community-oriented
projects. One of the ways of assuring the girls' participation was by
organizing cultural programmes and sports activities under a co-ordinated
inter-sectoral approach involving all the agents concerned. Given the
government's encouragement to womens' participation in National Development,
the consultant felt that greater emphasis will have to be laid on leadership
training and skills development of young women.
 - 11 -

E. Participation of youth in the National Literacy Campaign

57. The Ministry of Education requested the consultant to assist in studying

the ways and means necessary for associating youth more actively in the
campaign against illiteracy. The consultant assisted in a survey on the
training needs of volunteer literacy teachers on the islands of Hurra and
Thulusdhoo (in Northern Male Atoll) , and in the analysis of the survey data
and preparation of the Training Manual for the forthcoming National Literacy
Training Workshop on Fulidho Island (in Vaavu Atoll).

58. The survey covered the following fields: economic status and
occupational background; existing literacy skills and educational needs;
expectations from basic education classes. As the Basic Education Programme
included a post-literacy or General Education Component, it was felt that
volunteer teachers should be equipped with some simple but innovative
teaching methods and techniques to aid and motivate new and neo-literates
retain their interest in the other subjects taught. The organization and
demonstration of practical activities (like kitchen gardening, case studies
of successful islanders through the Basic Education Programme) were also
considered an important training need of volunteer teachers.

F. Development of tourism and related activities

59. Given the important role the tourism industry is to play in the economy,
the National Youth Council is exploring ways of associating youth in this
sectors development. The consultant visited major tourist ..projects in order
to have an idea of their human resources requirements and their impact on
local youth.

60. Scarcity of qualified manpower has led to the employment of unqualified

workers (especially at the intermediary level) in the hotel industry. Since
this industry is being developed in 'reserved' areas which are not always
close to inhabited islands, it is not always possible for youth to partici-
pate more actively in its activities. (It usually does so during the school
vacations). The government is planning to set up crash training programmes
for qualified personnel especially for part-time youth workers required by
the sectors rapid growth.

61. As for the cultural impact of this sector on local youth, it would be
safe to assume that the long distances between the islands and the diffi-
culties of communication have limited the contacts between tourists and
Maldivian youth. One of the proposals forwarded during the mission was to
encourage inter-island tourism by Maldivian youth so as to make them aware of
their national identity and the problems faced by inhabitants of other
islands. Concurrently, stronger emphasis would have to be put on national
culture and history in the educational programmes and the school systems. The
interest of youth in their National Heritage could further be raised through
the organization of youth festivals, concerts, dances and literary contests.

62. The inter-island youth exchanges proposed would require facilities to be

made available for boarding and lodging of the visiting youth. This will have
to be co-ordinated at the level of the Department of Tourism. The existing
infrastructure (schools, mosques, community centres, atoll and island admin-
istration buldings, warehouses) could well serve the purpose. The Department
of Tourism will also have to collaborate closely with the National Youth
Council in sponsoring the training of youth leaders and animateurs necessary
for promoting the inter-island youth tourism.
 - 12 -

G. National Institute for Linguistic and Cultural Research (NILCR)

63. Operating directly under the President's Office, the NILCR has in its
charge the National Museum, the Archives, and is the co-ordinating agency for
all policy and programmes concerning Cultural Heritage and the preservation
of national monuments.

64. The government has embarked on a campaign for the preservation of

national historical monuments with international financial and technical
assistance. Unesco has provided consultancy services in this field. In view
of the local human and material resource shortage required for this campaign,
the National Youth Council is trying to mobilize the voluntary services of
youth. The involvement of youth in such programmes will not only provide them
the occasion of coming into contact with monuments representing their
history, but also introduce them to new skills in restoration and
preservation techniques which may open up avenues for the future. There are
many monuments of national importance, not to mention the National Museum,
all of which need attention.

Assessment of the National Youth Council (NYC), its activities and proposals
for its restructuring

65. After reviewing the opportunities offered for the participation of youth
in the training and development projects, the consultant discussed with the
NYC the ways and means of strengthening its role and adapting its programmes
to meet the development objectives of the country.

A. Assessment of existing structures and activities

(a) Objectives

66. The objectives of the NYC as actually constituted are:

1. to formulate youth policy guidelines;

2. provide means of expression for youth;

3. formulate programmes for youth participation in sports, health,

education and social activities.

(b) Structure

67. The NYC is an advisory body composed of sixteen members representing the
President's Office, the main technical and social ministries, the educational
and training institutes and the private sector (cf. Annex 5).

68. The Council is directly under the President's Office with the Minister
of Education as its Executive Chairman. Administration is assured by the
current Senior Under-Secretary of the Ministry of Education. The actual
supervision of the programme, however, is done by the Youth Officer (who is
assisted by a Secretary, two clerical staff, one peon and one labourer).

69. The Council operates through the Maldives Youth Centre (MYC, which has
been alloted premises, in Male, with office space, seminar room, library and
sports facilities (volleyball and badminton courts, table tennis).

70. The MYC operates on an annual budget of Maldivian Rupees 160,070 (US
$22,864.5) 1984.
 - 13 -

(c) Activities

71. Its principal activities are (cf. Annex 5 ) :

(i) sport (coaching and practice of volleyball, badminton,

table-tennis, football, indoor games: carrom, darts, scrabble);
physical training;

(ii) training: skills development and income generating activities

(sewing, cooking, engineering skills, foreign language teaching -
Arabic and English; agriculture; fishing);

(iii) literacy and cultural activities;

(iv) organization of youth camps (away from Male) with the purpose of
teaching skills and work in a co-operative setting;

(v) running the centre;

(vi) publication and diffusion of a monthly newsletter;

(vii) participation in international and regional youth conferences and

seminars.

72. To date, the MYC has 321 members of whom 211 are full (out-of-school
youth); 105 students; and five associate (clubs and associations) members.

73. Most of the activities of the MYC have been restricted to Male. Given
its limited financial and human resources and the great distances separating
the capital from the other islands, it has neither been able to implement all
the projects originally planned nor to enforce its co-ordinating role in the
field of youth policy. It also seems to suffer from an irregular
participation of the Council members in its activities.

74. The centre's facilities do not appear to be utilized to their optimum

since it caters to only 321 members, whereas the youth population, according
to the 1977 Census, was 11,500. Major factors accounting for this weak
participation in MYC's programmes are inadequate publicity, need for closer
ties of its programmes with the direct needs of local youth; weak planning in
the utilization of facilities; poor maintenance; lack of counselling and
information services; dearth of resource persons, animateurs and group
leaders.

75. The supervisory staff of the MYC, fully committed to the Centre's
activities, are over-burdened with the administrative tasks of running
on-going programmes. Their role could be strengthened by additional training
in management skills as well as in organizing activities in the field of
youth. It might be of interest to point out here that their background has
primarily been academic.

B. Proposals for restructuring the National Youth Council (NYC)

76. In the light of the above, the following proposals were made for
enforcing the co-ordinating role of the Council in the field of youth policy
planning, in improving its organizational structure and expansion of its
programme to cover youth from all sections of society and islands.
 - 14 -

(a) Objectives

77. The following objectives were proposed for the restructured Youth
Council:

(i) to provide a forum for exchange of views between youth and

adults;

(ii) to inculcate among them a sense of discipline, national

consciousness, and an awareness of the socio-economic situation
and cultural identity of the Maldives;

(iii) to sensitize youth to the necessity of preserving the natural

environment ;

(iv) to promote the participation of youth in community-oriented

services and national development projects;

(v) to conduct vocational training and skills development programmes

linked to productive activities and income generation;

(vi) to conduct seminars and meetings on topics of national interest

in relation to youth;

(vii) to undertake and assist in health and hygiene programmes geared

to improving living conditions;

(viii) to organize sports and other recreational activities;

(ix) to establish youth centres in the atolls and islands;

(x) to organize fund raising campaigns and invest surplus funds in

revenue earning projects;

(xi) to organize cultural and literary activities for the promotion

and preservation of national cultural heritage;

(xii) to undertake surveys on the living conditions of youth;

(xiii) to promote goodwill and mutual understanding among youth of

Maldives and other countries through exchange programmes.

(b) Structure

78. The proposed Youth Council should be organized as follows:

(i) the President of the Republic of Maldives shall be President of

the Council;

(ii) the Council will consist of sixteen members, representing the

major economic and social sectors, who will be appointed by the
President to advise on matters concerning youth policy and its
implementation. It will meet on a regular basis or in extra-
ordinary session at the request of its chairman;

(iii) the Chairman of the Council, nominated by the President in con-

sultation with the Council and the Executive Secretary will draw
up overall plans and programmes of youth policy and follow its
implementation. He will also prepare and submit to the
 - 15 -

President/Council, a report at the end of each financial year

setting out the activities undertaken during that year;

(iv) an Executive Secretary, appointed by the President on recommen-

dation of the Chairman, will be the administrative officer of the
Council. He will, with the assistance of the Youth Affairs
Officer, draw up projects and programmes of action for consider-
ation by the and will be responsible for their implementation;

(v) the President will appoint a Youth Affairs Officer, upon

recommendation of the Chairman, to administer the Maldives Youth
Centre (MYC) and to assist the Executive Secretary in implement-
ing the projects and programmes approved by the President;

(vi) an Administrative Assistant, recruited by the Chairman, shall

assist the Youth Affairs Officer in the day-to-day administration
of the MYC;

(vii) the Chairman may appoint such number of clerks, peons, labourers
and other personnel he may consider necessary for the purpose of
running the MYC;

(viii) at the level of each atoll a Youth Co-ordinator will be nominated

by the National Youth Council upon recommendation of the island
authorities and representatives of local youth. This leader will
liaise between the NYC and the islands in his atoll and
co-ordinate their action;

(ix) each island will appoint its own Island Youth Leader who will
liaise with the Atoll Youth Co-ordinator and be responsible for
the implementation of youth programmes on his island;

(x) the Maldives Youth Centre (MYC), besides this co-ordinating role
at the national level, will:

- house the NYC;

- be the nucleus of social activities (drama, dance, cultural

activities, music; literary activities, training programmes
for literacy, skills development, income generation, pro-
ductive work, community development projects, sports, etc.) in
the context of National Youth Policy and Programmes;

- have a national vocation and consequently encourage membership

of all Maldivian Youth, namely, those out-of-school, employed,
students and associated members (clubs and youth
organizations);

- though its main buildings are located in Male, it will make

available its facilities to youth on other islands by
sponsoring their visits to Male, youth camps, mobile library
and documentation unit, cultural activities, etc. Pending the
creation of auxiliary youth centres, the existing physical
infrastructure on each island of mosques, schools, community
centres could be used to accommodate its programmes;

- each member will be asked to make a nominal financial and

material contribution in relation to his possibilties. The
members would be expected to assist the centres staff in their
administrative duties and to play an active role in animating
its programme.
 - 16 -

C. Assistance in designing youth programmes

79. Proposals were made to the NYC for undertaking youth programmes in the
following fields:

(a) leadership training;

(b) training for skills development and income generating activities

(handicrafts, carpentry, bicycle repairs, shoe repairs and
making, tailoring, fisheries, agriculture, training of junior
personnel for tourist industry...)»

(c) institution of a National Award of Merit for services rendered to

the community;
task force for productive voluntary enterprise (community-
oriented services);

(d) strengthening of information service, and documentation on youth

(the purpose was to reinforce the existing documentation
facilities of the MYC and to encourage the reading habits of
youth);

(e) participation in social services (health, assistance to the

elderly, and physicalled disabled, literacy work);

(f) sport and physical fitness campaign;

(g) involve youth in preservation of cultural heritage and monuments;

(h) involvement of youth in the preservation of environment and

marine resources;

(i) organization of youth cultural and music festivals.

80. Some of the above project proposals had originally been submitted to
Unesco for its financial assistance in the context of IYY activities. Upon
the consultant's arrival, the NYC expanded on the original proposals as to
conceive a coherent national policy on youth, and prepare a programme for its
implementation. Many new areas of interest relevant to youth policy were
considered but given the short time available for the mission it was not
possible to elaborate all of the projects related to them.

81. One such theme worth mentioning, however, concerned the collection of
information on youth and also the latter's involvement in the organization of
the forthcoming National Population Census in 1985. This Census will play a
key role in the government's development strategy. The scarcity of infor-
mation on youth in the Maldives explains partly the difficulties encountered
in planning coherent youth policies and programmes. The collection of the
information proposed would consequently provide the government with data
necessary for comprehending youth problems and aspirations. Moreover, by
associating youth in the Census operations the government would not only dis-
pose of much needed assistant staff but also sensitize youth to demographic
issues confronting the country and the importance of population education.
 - 17 -

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. Conclusions

82. The originality of the geographical, cultural and socio-economic context

of the Maldives warrants an innovative approach in conceiving the policies
and structures best adapted to preparing youth to meet the challenges of
development. This mission was unfortunately too short to enable the consul-
tant to travel to islands situated far from Male (only three atolls out of
nineteen were visited) and whose particular natural and social conditions
will certainly have to be considered in devising a national plan of action
for youth. The government has fully committed itself to such a plan and is in
the process of studying ways for involving youth more actively in development
on each island.

83. The acute shortage of qualified manpower conjugated with the paradoxical
situation of rapid and unbalanced demographic growth, especially on Male, are
some of the major constraints the national authorities are trying to
overcome. Great importance moreover, is attached to the psychological and
moral preparation of the youth with regard to their increasing exposure to
foreign cultures consequent to the expansion of the tourism industry. Proud
of its national, cultural and religious heritage, the government is aiming at
innovating the educational and training systems to meet the new development
needs and to safeguard the traditional and moral values in a society
undergoing rapid change.

84. The mission assisted the National Authorities in highlighting areas

where a coherent approach to youth issues appeared particularly urgent. The
assessment of the existing structure, ongoing programmes and future plan of
activities of the National Youth Council was followed up by proposals which
should enable it to improve its conceptual and administrative functions. In
light of the government's strong commitment to conceive and implement a
National Plan of Action for Youth, international assistance could play a
leading role in helping to attain its objectives, mainly in the field of
youth training and development.

B. Recommendations

85. At this juncture where the National Authorities are fully committed to
involving youth more actively in the development process, International
assistance could make a valuable contribution to the government's plan of
action. The following priority areas appear to be of particular interest
especially in the context of International Youth Year (IYY):

(i) Training of the Maldivian Youth Centre Staff and the Atoll and
Island Youth Leaders. The restructuring of the NYC and its
antennas at the level of the islands would require staff and
youth leaders trained in monitoring and implementing youth
activities both at the national and local levels. International
assistance could serve in designing the training programmes of
the staff and youth leaders and on an intensive and extensive
basis (consultancy missions, local and national seminars, short-
term study grants, reproduction of training materials).

(ii) Formulation of National Plan of Action for Youth. The government

has priority areas in which it is trying to devise youth-oriented
programmes. There is a need, however, of co-ordinating these
different activities and preparing a coherent plan of action. The
actual staff of the NYC, though fully aware and commmitted to
 - 18 -

such a plan, unfortunately does not have the technical personnel

required for this exercise. International assistance could be
sought in this field (study tour for its staff, consultancy
services, documentation).

Strengthening the information and documentation services of the National

Youth Council (NYC)

(iii) The diffusion of information on youth and activities of the NYC

is essential for involving youth more actively in its programmes.
The documentation units of the NYC (its future antennas on each
island) are severely handicapped by the lack of reading materials
and documentations related to youth. International organizations
specializing in the production and diffusion of such material
could be approached to this end. Since many of the Maldivian
youth are not fluent in foreign languages, possibilities of
financing the translation of some of the relevant documents
should also be examined.

Material and equipment for the National Youth Council (NYC)

(iv) Once the proposed restructuring of the NYC gets underway, the
centre will have to expand on its activities and cater to a
larger public. The actual equipment and facilities need to be
renewed for the task. External assistance would be required to
finance the installation of equipment for outdoor and indoor
sports, as well as pedagogical and audio-visual aids (projectors,
screens, televisions, video, radio).

Projects proposed in the context of IYY

(v) The government has proposed eleven projects for execution in the
context of the IYY, and has submitted them to Unesco for possible
financial assistance.

Participation of youth in the National Population Census and population

education

(vi) Since information on the different characteristics of youth

required for elaborating a National Plan of Action is scarce, the
organization of the National Population Census, foreseen in 1985,
provides an excellent opportunity for compiling this information.
Similarly, it is necessary to sensitize Maldivian youth to the
demographic issues confronting their islands (rapid population
growth, inter-island imbalances and social consequences). The
organization of seminars and diffusion of documentation in
demography, population education and related fields could be
sponsored through international assistance.
 Annex 1.

MALDIVES
STRUCTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT
(As of March 1983)

The President's Office

Ministry of Ministry of ; Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of

Planning S Transport & Defence & Home Affairs Health Agriculture Attorney Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Development Shipping • National & Social General's Justice Education Atolls Foreign Affairs Fisheries Trade¡&
Security Services Office Administration Industries

National Sports Department Citizens Court N°i Educational Northern Regional Department of Fisheries State Trading
High Court
Security Division of Public Manjlis Development Office Immigration S Project Organization
of Maldives
Service Health Chamber Centre Emigration Division
Court N°2
Elections Department of Atoll Offices
Police Division Atoll Department of Majeediyya (North) Permanent
Court Finance
Health Information & Court N°3 School Mission to the
Centres Broadcasting UN
Prisons Treasury Island Offices
Division Division Court N°4 Aminiyya
Central Voice of Maldives School Maldivian High
Hospital Southern Regional Commission in
Pensions Rentals Court N°5 Office Sri Lanka
& Social Division TV Maldives Iskandar
Welfare Regional School
Division Hospital Court N°6 Atoll Offices
Department of National (South)
Public Works Library Science
Allied Court N°7 Education
& Labour
Health Centre Island Offices
Services Maldives Electricity
Training Board Court N°8
Centre Community
Schools
Department of Posts Island
Addoo
Maldives & Telecommunications Courts
Development
Water & Authority Institute
Sanitation for Islamic
Authority Department ol Studies
Maldives Meteorology
Monetary
Medical Authority Vocational
Supplies Department of Training
Section Tourism Centre
Audit Department
Department of Atoll
Civil Aviationiot Primary
Department of
Religious Affairs
Maldives Airport
Authority
Mulee-Aage

Air Maldives
Maldives Shipping
Limited
National Institute fox
Lingusitic & Cultural
Maldives Fisheries Research
Corporation

Male Municipality
 ANNEX 2

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 ANNEX 4

NATIONAL YOUTH COUNCIL MEMBERSHIP

H.E. Mr Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

President of Republic

H.E. Mr Mohamed Zahir Hussain

Minister of Education
(Chairman)

H.E. Mr Fathullah Jameel

Minister of Foreign Affairs

H.E. Mr Omar Zahir

Minister of Home Affairs and Social Services

H.E. Mr Abdullah Hameed

Minister of Atolls Administration

H.E. Mr Ilyas Ibrahim

Minister of Trade and Industries

H.E. Mr Abbas Ibrahim

Minister of State for Presidential Affairs

H.E. Mr Abdul Rasheed Hussain

Executive Secretary to the President
Deputy Minister of Planning and Development

Mr Abdullah Rasheed
Senior Under-Secretary Ministry of Education
(Executive Secretary)

Mr Mohamed Zahir Naseer

Advisor on Youth Affairs & Recreation
Chairman of Maldives Olympic Committee

Mr Mohamed Hameed
Chief Co-ordinator Vocational Training Centre

Mr Ibrahim Ismail
Senior Assistant Principal Majeedia School

Mr Mohamed Ibrahim
Businessman

Mr Ahmed Ismail Maniku

Businessman

Mrs Shafia Zuber

Under-Secretary Ministry of Education

Mrs Amal Ali

Mrs Anweri Ahmed
National Womens Committee
 ANNEX 5
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o f» O H N »-i t i 1 - 1 , 1 i-T •—t r-i
 ANNEX 6
N O V E M B E R 1980
fr IF !T°
Bombay

. Uligamti
7a
HA A ALI FU ¿ .
Hu.ar.fu.hi- ..,Dhldhdhoo
" .». :—
Madra»
• .> V NottiiviranfHU
HAA DHAALU *'_ .';,Kulhudhu«u*¡
• Maiidhoo
M w n i Kunudhoo Famäi SHAVIYANI
»i IUNKA '*\ I.JÍ Maakadoodhoo
i'» Farukolhu
ColomboVJ
6U-
NOONU

'.'• MALDIVES

i8>ti*ñ'\ LHAVIYANI
• . • : \ ' " . v

.•: i • Dhiffuthl
• ^Hulula KAAFU

. »MALE
AL/FU
Mahibadhoo

Mandj '
Felidhoo
lKwfH»WMW/

FAAFU -
Manoodhoo

DHAALU

THAA Veymandoo

LAAUU
REPUBLIC O F MALDIVES

NATIONAL CAPITAL
Muli ADMINISTRATIVE CAPITALS
Garni OTHER ISLAND
AIRFIELDS
ADMINISTRATIVE ATOLLS .Viligili
GAAFUALIFU

Thinadhoo

GAAFUDHAALU

50 100 150
-0° 0°-
KILOMETERS

50 100
MILES

71° 72° 75 u
_l _L_
 ANNEX 7

LIST OF PEUPLE MET

H.E. Mr. Mohamed Zahir Uussain, Minister ot Education and Chairman ot rhe
National Youth Council; President ot the National Commission tor UTJESCC.

H.E. Mr. Omar Zahir, Minister ot Home Attairs and Social Services; Member
ot the National Youth Council; President ot Male Municipality.

H.E. Mr. Abdullah Jameel, Minister of Health.

H.E. Mr. Abdul Rasheed Uussain, Deputy Minister ot Planning and Development;
Executive Secretary to the President ot Republic.

H.E. Mr. Musthapha Hussa in, Permanent Representative to the UN; Chairman ot
the Executive Board ot WHO.

H.E. Mr. Moosn Fnthy, Chiet Justice ot Maldives.

H.E. Mr. Ahmed Za!'i, Attorney General

H.E. Mr. Uussain Ali Didi, Special Under-Secretary President's Uttice; Maldives
Monetory Authority; Alternate Governor Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah.

Mr. Ahamad Zahir, Director-General Department ot Tourism.

Mr. Abdullah Rasheed, Senior Under-Secretary Ministry ot Education and

Executive Secretary ot the National Youth Council; Secretary-General ot the
National Commission tor UNESCO.

Mrs. Fatimath Zareer, President ot the National '.Jomens Committee.

Mr. Mohamed Luthti, Director ot the National Institute tor Linguistics and
Cultural Research (NILCR).

Mr. Ahmed Aslam, Senior Under-Secretary Ministry of Home Affairs and Social
Services.

Mr. Ismail Shat-eeq, Under-Secretary, Ministry ot Home Affairs and Social Services.

Mr. Ali Sharif, Deputy Director Department of Finance.

Mr. A)dul Aziz Yoosut, Under-Secretary Ministry ot Education.

Mrs. Shatia Zuber, Under-Secretary Ministry ot Education; member National

Youth Council.

Miss Husna Razee, Undersecretary Ministry ot Health.

Mrs. Aneesa Ahmad, Executive Aide to the President ot Republic.

Mr. Zahir Naseer, Advisor on Youth Affairs and Recreation; President ot the
Maldivian Olympic Committeej, Member ot the National Youth Council.
Annex 7 - page 2

Mr. Abdul Shakoor, Director ¡-In 1 dives Electricity Board.

Mr. Bandu Ahmed Salearn, assistant President Halé Municipality; President

ot the Football Association ot Maldives.

Mr. Hussaln Ahiaed Didi, Under-Secretary Ministry ot Home Attairs and Social
Services.

Mr. Mohamed Latheet, Director Education Development Cantre ( E D O .

Mr. Abdul Hameed, Assistant Director EDC.

Mr. Abdul Hameed, Coordinator Vocational Training Centre (VTC).

Mr. Abdul Sattar Hassan, Coordinator Community Education Programme (EDC).

Miss Jane Moon, Languages Department EDC.

Mrs. Habiba Zuber, Majeedi National Library.

Mr. Ali Riza Didi, Mohamed Ismail Didi Private Library.

Mr. S.H. Reeza, Advisor to the Atorney General.

Mr. Musthata Luthtee, Headmaster Baa Atcll Education Development Centro.

Mr. Ali Luth tee, Principal Noorane School Addu Atoll.

Mr» Ahmed Anver, Headmaster Shaviyaani Atoll Education Centre.

Mr. J. Bessant, Aide to President ot Republic.

Mr. Abdul Latheet Mahmood, Youth Attairs Officer, National Youth Council (NYC).

Mr. Mohamed Hussain, Administrative Assistant, NYC.

International Agencies

Mr. J. Gujit, UNDP Resident Representative.

Dr. R.R.Arora, WHO Programme Coordinator and Representative.

Mr. G. Dutia, UNICEF Resident Project Officer.

Mr. P.J.Hart, UNESCO Team Leader Education Development.

Mr. F.G.Schmid, ILO/UNDP National Skills Development Programme VTC.

Miss R. Rabien, ILO/UNDP CTA-Rural Youth Vocational Training Programme (RYVTP).

Mr.T.W.Harris, NORAD/li-JO Maritime Safety Advisor, Ministry ot Transport and

Shipping.

Mr. R. Pesai, Kuwait Fund Team Leader Ministry of Planning & Developent.

Dr. Mrs. S.Krishnan. WIIO/Allied Health Services Health Manpower Development.

Mr. J. Mackie, Field Coordinator Voluntary Service Overseas.

Mr. P.Bulls & Mrs B.Little. IHAP-Raa Atoll Integrated Development Project.
Mr. P.Egil Warn. REDD BARNA-Lammu Atoll Integrated Development Programme.
 ANNEX 8

STRUCTURE OF PROPOSED NATIONAL YOUTH COUNCIL

PRESIDENT'S O F F I C E I

NATIONAL YOUTH COUNCIL

CHAIRMAN

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

t YOUTH AFFAIRS OFFICER

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT

19 ATOLL YOUTH LEADERS MALDIVES YOUTH CENTRE

ISLAND ISLAND ISLAND CLERKS VOLUNTARY

YOUTH YOUTH YOUTH PEONS ADMINIS-
LEADER LEADER LEADER LABOURERS TRATIVE
STAFF