LABORATORY REPORT NO.

: 4
Analysis of circuits with magnetically couple-coils
OBJECTIVES:
1. Design a circuit an ideal transformer circuit diagram
2. Determine the electrical quantities in each electrical components in the circuit by means of
application of circuit analysis techniques
3. Compare the values obtained using a circuit simulation and values obtained by means of
manual computation
4. To understand the working principle of circuits with magnetically coupled coils

MATERIALS:
 AC Voltage Source (12 cis 0 Vrms, 60hz)
 1- 30 ohms resistor
 1- 12 ohms resistor
 Coupled Inductors in which the primary and secondary coils have an inductance 4 henries
and the coupling constant is 0.5)
 Multimeter

DISCUSSION & PROCEDURE:

Figure 1. Ideal Transformer Circuit Diagram

The figure above is an example of example of an ideal transformer circuit diagram. An ideal
transformer comprises of two coils embracing a common magnetic circuit of infinite permeability
and zero loss. So, this means a transformer is said to be ideal when the output power will be the
same as with the input power. The power loss in an ideal transformer becomes zero making it as 100
percent efficient. Referring to the figure above, the electrical components use in the circuit diagram
is a coupled inductor, resistor, and an AC voltage source where the quantities were already stated
above.

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4

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 Procedure:
1. Design a circuit diagram of an ideal transformer using the materials
stated above.
2. Place the AC voltage source in the input power side of the diagram
and connect the 30-ohm resistor in series with the voltage source and
the primary coil.
3. On the output side of the circuit diagram, connect the 12-ohm resistor
in series with the secondary coil.
4. Using a multimeter, measure the mesh current (1) flowing on the input
side, it is done by measuring the current flowing in the resistor. Mesh
Current (2) on the output side can be also measured by measuring the
current flowing in the 12-ohm resistor. The voltage drop across the
resistor can be computed by multiplying the mesh current (2) to the
12-ohm resistor.
MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS:

Figure 2. Simulation of the Ideal transformer

circuit diagram

Figure 3. Multimeter Readings

The multimeter (XMM2) shows the voltage and current reading in the output side while the
multimeter (XMM1) shows the current reading in the input side of the transformer diagram. With

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these values, we can say that the primary current is 10.576 mA, while on the secondary current is
5.288 mA. The primary voltage is already given which is 12 Vrms but the voltage drops across the 30-
ohm resistor is unknown but it can easily find by multiplying the primary current to the 30-ohm
resistance. The process on getting the voltage drop across the 12-ohm resistor is just the same on
computing the voltage drop across the 30-ohm resistor.

Figure 4. manual Computation

The values obtained using manual computation is not the same with the values obtained in the
simulation. But the values are close exhibiting a very small margin of error. In computing the
electrical quantities, the mesh analysis method was used to solve for the currents in primary and
secondary. As you can see in the process in the figure above, we cannot proceed to mesh analysis
if we did not get the mutual inductance and the reactance of the inductors including the
reactance of the mutual inductance. The mutual inductance can be easily computed by
multiplying the coupling constant to the square root of the product of the couple coils.

Table 1. Summary of the Obtained Electrical Quantities

PRIMARY SECONDARY VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS

CURRENT CURRENT R2
(mA) (mA) (mV)
SIMULATION 10. 576 5.288 63.453

MANUAL 10.605 5.303 63.637

COMPUTATION

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OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION:
I observe that the values obtained using the simulation and through manual computation is
not the same although they are very close. This means that as long as you know the process on
analyzing a circuit with magnetically couple coils even without a simulator you can get the correct
answer. I also observe that the mutual inductance is very important because you cannot make then
mesh analysis correctly if you forget to get the mutual inductance and the reactance of the
inductance. I also observe that it is true that an ideal transformer is 100 percent efficient because it
has no power loss. The power can be obtained by multiplying the primary current to the primary
voltage or multiplying he secondary voltage to the secondary current and the result must be equal.
I therefore conclude that is very important to understand ideal transformer and how power in
the transformer transfer from the primary to secondary. It is a stepping stone to further understand
other types of transformers which are considered as non-ideal transformers.

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