LABORATORY REPORT NO.

: 4
Analysis of circuits with magnetically couple-coils
OBJECTIVES:
1. Conduct experiments on electrical measuring instruments and devices
2. Calculate the voltage and current in the magnetically couple-coils circuits
3. Find the differences from the measured and calculated values

MATERIALS:
1. Circuit Simulator (NI Multisim)
2. AC source (200-Vrms, 60-Hz)
3. Capacitors (30𝜇𝜇𝐹𝐹 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 50𝜇𝜇𝐹𝐹)
4. Resistor (100Ω)
5. Coupled Inductors (𝐿𝐿1 = 50𝑚𝑚𝐻𝐻, 𝐿𝐿2 = 50𝑚𝑚𝐻𝐻, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀 = 50𝑚𝑚𝐻𝐻)

DISCUSSION & PROCEDURE:

Magnetically coupled circuits
- When two loops of a circuit with or without any physical contact affect each other with
the help of magnetic fields, the circuits are said to be magnetically coupled. Magnetically
coupled circuits are important parameters in electrical engineering. The most common
example of a magnetically coupled circuit is a transformer. The transformer is a device
used to transfer electric energy from one circuit to another. The primary winding and
secondary winding are the main elements of a transformer. The primary winding creates
varying magnetic flux and the secondary winding induces the electromotive force due to
the effect of magnetic flux created by the primary winding.
Mutual Inductance
- In mutual inductance, the magnetic flux produced in one coil due to flowing current
produces an induced voltage in the coil, the voltage is induced in one inductor due to
another inductor. In mutual inductance, two cases are studied in general, when the
current travels in the same direction in both the coils and when the current travels in the
opposite direction in both the coils. Mathematically, the mutual inductance is defined as
the ratio of EMF induced in one coil to the rate of change of current in another coil.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖2
𝑣𝑣1 = 𝑖𝑖1 𝑅𝑅1 + 𝐿𝐿1 ± 𝑀𝑀
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖1
𝑣𝑣2 = 𝑖𝑖2 𝑅𝑅2 + 𝐿𝐿2 ± 𝑀𝑀
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Coupling coefficients
- The coupling coefficient is used to measure the coupling between two coils. The
coupling between two coils is mathematically given using the following equation,
𝑀𝑀 = 𝑘𝑘�𝐿𝐿1 𝐿𝐿2
- Where k is the coupling coefficient, M is the mutual inductance, 𝐿𝐿1 is the self-inductance
of the first coil, and 𝐿𝐿2 is the self-inductance of the second coil. The values of k vary
between 0 to 1. The values of the coupling coefficient and their representations are as
follows,
𝑘𝑘 = 0 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑘𝑘 = 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑘𝑘 < 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.
𝑘𝑘 > 0.5 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4

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 Procedures
1. Create a circuit with magnetically coupled coils in the middle
2. Calculate the two currents and then compute for the voltages of each components.
3. Input the components in the simulator
4. Compare the computed and measured values by making a table
5. Make a conclusion from the table

MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS:

Magnetically coupled coils (Computation)

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ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4
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 Magnetically Coupled Coils (Measured)

Currents of the Circuit measured using XMM1 and XMM2

Voltages of Resistor 1 and Capacitors 1 and 2 measured using XMM5 for Resistor 1, XMM3 for
Capacitor 1, and XMM4 for Capacitor 2

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4

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 Voltages of the Inductor measured using XMM6 for primary coil inductor and XMM7 for
secondary coil inductor

Table for comparison of values gathered

Computed Measured Differences

𝐼𝐼1 2.9174-A 2.932-A 0.0146
Current
𝐼𝐼2 520.435-mA 524.993-mA 4.558
Voltage of 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶1 257.954-V 258.418-V 0.464
Capacitors 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶2 27.61-V 27.762-V 0.152
Voltage of
Resistor R 52.04-V 52.5-V 0.46

Voltage of Primary Coil 58.905-V 59.388-V 0.483

Inductors Secondary Coil 58.905-V 59.388-V 0.483

OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION:

I therefore conclude that learning this topic is crucial for me who is studying about electricity
because it is the basics in understanding the use of a transformer. This topic gives me prior
knowledge on the computations of coils in a transformer.
I noticed that my computation of 𝐼𝐼2 is lower than the simulator. I think it is because the mutual
induction (M). The other values in mesh 2 is lower than 0.5 which is unexpected because the value
of current 2 has high difference with the computation and the simulator.

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 4

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