LABORATORY REPORT NO.

: 5
Series-tuned and parallel-tuned circuits
OBJECTIVES:
1. Conduct experiments on electrical measuring instruments and devices
2. Calculate the voltage and current in the series-tuned and parallel-tuned circuits
3. Find the differences from the measured and calculated values
4. Determine how series-tuned and parallel-tuned circuits are used

MATERIALS:
1. Circuit Simulator (NI Multisim)
2. AC source (120-𝑉𝑉𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑠𝑠 )
3. Resistor (50-Ω)
4. Capacitor (60-𝜇𝜇𝐹𝐹)
5. Inductor (100-mH)

DISCUSSION & PROCEDURE:

Resonant Frequency
- Resonant frequency in electronics is expressed when a circuit exhibits a maximum
oscillatory response at a specific frequency. This is observed for a circuit that consists of an
inductor and capacitor.
Series Resonance Frequency
- Resonance occurs in a series circuit when the supply frequency causes the voltage
across L and C to be equal and opposite in phase.
- In a series RLC circuit there becomes a frequency point where the inductive reactance
of the inductor becomes equal in value to the capacitive reactance of the capacitor.
Specifically, 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 . The point at which this occurs is called the Resonant Frequency
point, (𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 ) of the circuit, and as we are analyzing a series RLC circuit this resonance
frequency produces a Series Resonance.
- Definition of what we need in series RLC circuits.
𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 𝜔𝜔𝐿𝐿
1 1
𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 = =
2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝜔𝜔𝐶𝐶
𝑇𝑇𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟: 𝑋𝑋𝑇𝑇 = 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 − 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 − 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖: 𝑍𝑍 = �𝑅𝑅2 + 𝑋𝑋𝑇𝑇2 = 𝑅𝑅 + 𝑗𝑗𝑗𝑗
- To find the resonant frequency (𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 ) in a series resonant circuit,
𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶
1
2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 =
2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
1 1
𝑓𝑓 2 = =
(2𝜋𝜋𝐿𝐿)(2𝜋𝜋𝐶𝐶) 4𝜋𝜋 2 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
1
𝑓𝑓 = �
4𝜋𝜋 2 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
1 1
𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑟 = 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝜔𝜔𝑟𝑟 =
2𝜋𝜋√𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 √𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 5

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 Parallel Resonance Frequency
- Parallel resonances occurs when the supply frequency creates zero phase difference
between the supply voltage and current producing a resistive circuit.
- A parallel resonant circuit stores the circuit energy in the magnetic field of the inductor
and the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is constantly being transferred back
and forth between the inductor and the capacitor which results in zero current and
energy being drawn from the supply.
- The admittance of a parallel circuit is given as:
𝑌𝑌 = 𝐺𝐺 + 𝐵𝐵𝐿𝐿 + 𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐶
1 1
𝑌𝑌 = + + 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔𝐶𝐶
𝑅𝑅 𝑗𝑗𝜔𝜔𝐿𝐿
1 1
𝑌𝑌 = + + 2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑅𝑅 2𝜋𝜋𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Procedure
1) Create a series resonance and a parallel resonance circuits.
2) Calculate the currents and voltages for the two circuits.
3) Input the components in the simulator and find the needed measurements.
4) Compare the computed and measured values by making a table.
5) Make a conclusion from the table.

MEASUREMENTS & RESULTS:

Series resonance circuit (Computed)

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 Series resonance circuit (Measured)

Current of the Circuit which is measured by XMM1

Voltages of the component where the resistor is measured by XMM2, inductor is measured by
XMM3, and capacitor is measured by XMM4

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 Parallel resonance circuit (Computed)

ELEN112L – ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS 2 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO. 5

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 Parallel resonance circuit (measured)

Current of the circuit from the source is measured by XMM1, resistor is measured by XMM4,
inductor is measured by XMM3, and capacitor is measured by XMM2

Table for comparison of values gathered

Series Resonance Circuit

Computed Measured Differences
Current 2.4-A 2.4-A 0

Voltage of the 120.0-V 119.998-V 0.002

Resistor
Voltage of the 98.0-V 97.663-V 0.337
Capacitor
Voltage of the 98.0-V 98.294-V 0.294
Inductor

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 Parallel Resonance Circuit
Computed Measured Differences
Current from the 2.4-A 2.4-A 0
Source
Current of the 2.4-A 2.4-A 0
Resistor
Current of the 2.939-A 2.949-A 0.010
Capacitor
Current of the 2.939-A 2.93-A 0.009
Inductor

OBSERVATION & CONCLUSION:

I therefore conclude that this topic is important because of possible frequency changes in a
circuit due to changes of values of the capacitor and inductor. It gives us the idea that the
frequency of the source, or resonant frequency, can change.
I observed that the reactance of the capacitor and inductor are approximately equal with
each other and it is because of the resonant frequency, which 𝑋𝑋𝐿𝐿 = 𝑋𝑋𝐶𝐶 is used to find the resonant
frequency.

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