Autoimmune disorders (body is attacking its own)

 Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout- cause by food eaten.
 Cancer
 Multiple sclerosis
SIN- Scanning speech
Intention tremors- tremors that occur when you do something
Nystagmus – unconjugated movement of eyeballs
 Myasthenia Gravis
Profound weakness/ paralysis
Descending paralysis
Mind to ground.
 Gullain-Barre Syndrome
Profound weakness/ paralysis
Ascending paralysis
Ground to brain.
 Huntington’s disease
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 Alzheimer’s disease
Problem of dementia
Memory
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 Parkinson’s disease
Problem of dementia
Motor movements
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Non intention tremors.
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Diffuse Connective Tissue Disorders

• Group of disorders that are chronic in nature and by diffuse inflammation and degeneration in the connective tissues
• Unknown causes
• Quality: exacerbation (exaggeration) and remissions (symptoms disappears, but will come back worse)
• Onset is acute,
• Symptoms
Bilateral, or symmetric symptoms.

Scleroderma (hard skin)

Sclero- hardening
Derma- Skin
•Cause: unknown
•Insoluble collagen is formed and accumulates excessively in the tissues, Low moisture in the skin
•Edema formation, then skin undergoes fibrotic changes (loss of elasticity), tissue degenerates and lose its functions.
RISK FACTORS
 Trauma
 Sports
 Elderly falls
 Systemic exposure to silica dust, polyvinyl chloride, or organic solvents
 Anticancer agents such as bleomycin
Incidence: more common in women, 30-50.
Diagnostics
 Skins biopsy (definitive diagnostic)
 ANA (anti nuclear antibody)
 ESR
 X-ray to show osteoporosis and pulmonary fibrosis
Derma
-Deformity in face and extremities
-Extremely shiny skin, taut skin.
-Resorption of bone (phalanges) (osteoporosis)
-Morphia- skin patches (white/ pale pink)
-Abdominal distention

Crest
-Calcinosis-Calcium deposits (Proliferation of calcium deposits in the phalanges)
-Raynaud’s Phenomenon- lack of o2 in the arm (beugers- lack of o2 in the legs) (number one risk factors is smoking)
-Esophageal hardening (difficulty in eating)
-Sclerodactyly 9Hardening of the fingers/phalanges)
-Telangiectasis- dilated capillaries
NURSING INTERVENTIONS
 Provide meticulous skin care and preventing the effects of Raynaud's phenomena (O2, PRN)
 Importance of avoiding cold (constricts blood vessels = no O2)
 Protecting fingers with mittens in cold weather and when shopping in the frozen-food section in the grocery
store.
 Warm socks and property fitting shoes
 Careful frequent inspection for early ulcers
 Smoking cessation
 ADMINISTER MEDS
• No medication regimen has proven to be effective.
• -Calcium channel blockers and other antiHPN
ABCD
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• - Anti-inflammatory (NSAIDS, corticosteroids) medications