Riphah International University

Islamabad

LAB MANUAL
Lab Manual for Introduction to Database Systems

FACULTY OF COMPUTING (WISH)

1
 Lab Manual Development Team

Supervision and Coordination

Mam Alia Fatima

Lecturer
Faculty of Computing

Lab Designers

Mehwish Javed
Teaching Fellow

Faculty of Computing

2
 Lab 7: ERD and SQL Queries
1. Activity Time boxing

2. Lab Manual Lecture [Expected time = 30 minutes]

1. Introduction
An entity–relationship model (ER model for short) describes interrelated things of interest in a
specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the
things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between entities (instances of those
entity types).

1. Lab Manual Lecture [Expected time = 30 minutes]

2. Objective
 ERD
 Relationships Type
 Create a database of ERD
 Manipulate Data

3. Concept Map

3
 Notations of ERD

5.1 Entity type

A group of objects with same properties, which are identified by enterprise as having an
independent existence (physical or conceptual)
Entity occurrence
A uniquely identifiable object of an entity type

4. Practice Tasks [Time Required: 80 minutes]

4
Task 1:
Create ERD of the following:
A library database needs to store information pertaining to its users (or customers), its workers, the
physical locations of its branches, and the media stored in those locations. We have decided to limit
the media to two types: books and videos. The library must keep track of the status of each media
item: its location, status, descriptive attributes, and cost for losses and late returns. Books will be
identified by their ISBN, and movies by their title and year. In order to allow multiple copies of the
same book or video, each media item will have a unique ID number. Customers will provide their
name, address, phone number, and date of birth when signing up for a library card. They will then be
assigned a unique user name and ID number, plus a temporary password that will have to be
changed. Checkout operations will require a library card, as will requests to put media on hold. Each
library card will have its own fines, but active fines on any of a customer's cards will prevent the
customer from using the library's services. The library will have branches in various physical
locations. Branches will be identified by name, and each branch will have an address and a phone
number associated with it. Additionally, a library branch will store media and have employees.
Employees will work at a specific branch of the library. They receive a paycheck, but they can also
have library cards; therefore, the same information that is collected about customers should be
collected about employees.
Functions for customers:
● Log in
● Search for media based on one or more of the following criteria:
○ type (book, video, or both)
○ title
○ author or director

5
 ○ year
● Access their own account information:
○ Card number(s)
○ Fines
○ Media currently checked out
○ Media on hold
● Put media on hold
● Pay fines for lost or late items
● Update personal information:
○ Phone numbers
○ Addresses
○ Passwords
Functions for librarians are the same as the functions for customers plus the following:
● Add customers
● Add library cards and assign them to customers
● Check out media
● Manage and transfer media that is currently on hold
● Handle returns
● Modify customers' fines
● Add media to the database
● Remove media from the database
● Receive payments from customers and update the customers' fines
● View all customer information except passwords

Lab Task 2
Create tables of the following ERD using DDL and upload .sql file on portal having all DDL.
+ attach the picture of ERD diagram as mentioned in Task 1.

5. Evaluation criteria
The evaluation criteria for this lab will be based on the completion of the following tasks. Each task is
assigned the marks percentage which will be evaluated by the instructor in the lab whether the
student has finished the complete/partial task(s).

Table 3: Evaluation of the Lab

Sr. No. Task No Description Marks
1 1 Task 1 5
2 2 Task 2 5

6
 6. Further Reading
1. Books
7. The slides and reading material can be accessed from the folder of the class instructor
available at vle.

9.1 Out comes

The outcomes of this lab were:
 Creation of Database with ERD
 Manipulation of data