THE NATURE AND HOW’S

OF RESEARCH PUBLICATION
FOR STUDENTS
“Research is what I’m doing when I don’t
know what I’m doing.”

– Wernher von Braun

Will this be a good research?
Experiences of Female College Students Who
Participated in Casual Sex
Felts, Christine Lynn. University of Arkansas for
Medical Sciences. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
2019. 22592392.
 RESEARCH
• Is a SYSTEMATIC INQUIRY that uses
disciplined methods to answer
questions or solve problems. The
ultimate goal of research is to
DEVELOP, REFINE, and EXPAND a
body of knowledge
 WE NEED TO

CR A V E
FOR QUALITY RESEARCH
-ING
 • COMPARABLE
C • NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

• RELIABLE
R • MATCHES WITH AUTHOR EXPERTISE

• ACCEPTABLE
A • METHOD, MANUSCRIPT CONTENT AND FORMAT

• VALID
V • PEER CHECKED AND VERIFIED EXPERTS

• EXPLICIT
E • CLEAR AND CONCISE
 What is the NATURE OF ORIGINAL
CONTRIBUTION?
HOW DO YOU KNOW IF IT IS A RUBBISH?
 THE RESEARCH PROCESS
 QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE
 GERMANIC VS IMRAD
THE UNIVERSITY FORMAT
 PLANNING
P your study

PERFORMING
conducting, procedures

P PUBLISHING
study in paper form

P PRESENTING
research to an audience

P
STAGES IN NEW APPROACHESRESEARCH
[Maxwell, 2014]
R E S E ARCH T E R M S C L A R I F I E D
METHOD WHAT DATA WILL PAST, PRESENT,
BE GATHERED? FUTURE
HOW DATA WILL BE e.g. INTERVIEW
TECHNIQUE GATHERED? SURVEY

HOWDATAWILL BE QUANTI, QUALI,

APPROACH PROCESSED? MIXED
 GUIDELINES IN TITLE CONSTRUCTION

DOES THE TITLE DESCRIBE YOUR STUDY?

The main context of the study

DOES THE TITLE HAS HIGH SPECIFICITY LEVEL?

Variables of the simulacrum included
ACADEMICALLY PHRASED?
Grammatically correct. Professional Sounding. May include method

NOT EXCEEDING 11 SUBSTANTIVE WORDS?

As much as possible. Keep it brief.
 “RESEARCHES built on unreliable
data are UNSTABLE if
not dangerous”

TYPES OF LITERATSUouRrceEs
2 1 3

CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH GRAY

BOOKS JOURNAL OTHERS
 IMMERSE YOURSELF ON
YOUR TOPIC
(through reconnaissance or
through preliminary surveying)
PHILIPPINEeJournals http://ejournals.ph
1. JSTOR
2. EditLib
3. Ascilate
4. ProQuest
5. IGIGlobal
6. IEEEXplore
7. OpenPraxis
8. Springer Link
9. SAGEJournals
10.Science Direct 11.Emerald Insight
12.ACM Digital Library 13.Taylor Francis Online
14.Athabasca University 15.Wiley Online Library
16.Informing Science Institute
17.Hindawi Publishing Corporation
18.International Knowledge Sharing Platform
19.Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
20.Loughborough University Institutional Repository
 UNDERGRAD
10 ARTICLES

MASTERS
PhD 50 ARTICLES
100 ARTICLES

How many scientific articles do I need to read?

EXAMPLE 1: TOPIC - CRIME
AGE CRIME

GENDER WELFARE

POPULATION CONGESTION INTERNET

QUALITY OF LIFE SOCIAL NETWORK

VALUES EDUCATION ADOLESCENT

PARENTAL GUIDANCE LITERACY

RELIGION COMMUNITY SAFETY

INCOME NUMBER OF POLICE OFFICERS

AWARENESS OF THE VARIABLE CONCEPT AND

DEFINITION
TITLE CONSTRUCTION STYLE #1

TITLE MAY BE IN INTERROGATIVE FORM

COMBINATORIAL: QUESTION & TITLE
COMBINATORIAL (QUESTION-TITLE) TITLE EXAMPLES

Is there a light behind the clouds?: The lived experience

of visually challenged mothers
What lies beneath the skin?:
Thematic phrases eidetic of Psoriasis patient’s lived
experience
 TITLE CONSTRUCTION STYLE #3

COMBINATORIAL: POWERFUL PHRASE & TITLE

COMBINATORIAL (POWER-TITLE) TITLE EXAMPLES

To walk by faith and not by sight: The Lifeword of Filipino

blind learners
The price and prize of educational tourism: Cost and
benefits of studying in the Philippines among Chinese
nationals
When my foot nearly touches my grave: The
essence of survival culled from adolescents with
suicide attempts
The faces, phases and paces of psychological adjustment among
physically-challenged policemen
 TITLE CONSTRUCTION STYLE #4
IF YOUR METHOD IS NOVEL: USE IT!
 TITLE CONSTRUCTION STYLE #5

RESULT OF THE PAPER

CHAPTER 1

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

This chapter deals with… (insert introduction of the chapter)

Introduction
What to cite in this section
Presentation of the problem, research gap
Existence of unsatisfactory condition
Legal bases
Rationale of the study
Link between introduction and statement of the problem
Start with the global or general perspectives down to local or more
particular perspectives.
At the last paragraph of this introduction, clearly and briefly state your
specific research problem.
SAMPLE TITLE

PROPOSED ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT PROJECT
FOR SUSTAINABILITY
IN BATANGAS CITY
 Conceptual Framework
 The theoretical framework presents a thorough review of the
existing related literature and theories on the subject under study.
 The conceptual framework consists of the researchers’ own
position in the problem after his exposure to various theories that
have bearing on the problem.
 Conceptual Paradigm – A schematic paradigm or illustration
depicting what the concept of the study is all about.
 Theoretical framework in a study is based on an existing
theory or theories (e.g., a theory of motivation). The
conceptual framework, on the other hand, is something you
can develop yourself based on this theory. You inevitably
would use some --if not all-- concept that this particular
theory operates with. In addition, in your conceptual
framework you can add your own concept / constructs /
variables that you think are relevant and then proceed to
explore or test the relationship between them.
The TAM is a theory that demonstrates how users are led to accept and
utilise a certain technology. This model indicates that when a new technology
is presented to users, they are faced with its perceived usefulness and
perceived ease of use, which serve as influencing factors to their decision on
how and when to utilise such technology (Ku, 2009).
Below is a diagram showing how TAM operates:
Perceived Usefulness
External variables
Attitude toward the use of technology
Behavioural intention
Actual system use
Figure 3-2: TAM Overview (Ku,2009)
This study is anchored on the theory on good governance espoused by the United
Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific or UNESCAP
(2009).

Another theory on which the research is based is the environment governance theory
by Fumikaso (2012). This theory defines environment governance as the government
arrangements utilized in managing the environment. It states that the goal of the
regime (government) is to conserve the environment specifically at times when more
and more areas are affected by an environmental problem

The sustainability theory is also used to conceptualize the study. Lein 2019 discussed the
connections between the three pillars of sustainability, namely, ecological, social and
economic.
Figure 1
Research Paradigm
Main Problem

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to propose an
ecological solid waste management project
for sustainability in Batangas City.
 Specific Problem

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1.As assessed by local public officials and residents, what is the
extent of compliance to Republic Act 9003 or Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000 in terms of:
1.1.comprehensive solid waste management
1.2. incentives
1.3. financing solid waste management?
2. To what extent are the practices in Solid Waste Management
manifested with respect to:
2.1.physical components
2.2.governance components?
3. To what extent are the practices in Solid Waste Management
manifested with respect to:
3.1.physical components;
3.2.governance components?
4.How do the assessments on compliance and practices by the
three groups of respondents compare? Are there significant
differences?
5.What are some problems on solid waste management?
6. Based on the assessment, what solid waste management
project may be proposed based on the findings of the study?
Hypotheses
The study is posited on these hypotheses.
1. There are no significant differences on the assessments
of the three groups of respondents regarding the extent of
compliance to Republic Act 9003 or Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000.
2. There are no significant differences on the assessments
of the three groups of respondents regarding the practices
in solid waste management.
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation

One paragraph for the scope

One paragraph for the delimitation
One paragraph for the limitation
Significance of the Study
The study would be of great benefit to the following:
To the municipalities, the study would serve as a reference to re-evaluate
their sustainable development plans and include solid waste management in their
priorities as a basic social service program using the research findings as their
bases.
Definition of Terms
For a better understanding of the study, the following conceptual and
operational definitions of important terms are provided:
Compliance. It is defined as the key feature of public administration practices
and is framed around accountability mechanisms. (Halliday, 2013).In this study, it refers to
obeying the provisions of Republic Act 9003 in terms of institutional mechanisms,
comprehensive solid waste management, incentives and financial solid waste management.
“Believe in yourself and all that you are.
Know that there is something inside you
that is greater than any obstacle.”

– Christian D. Larson