केवल कार्ाालर्ीन उपर्ोग हे तु

For Official Use Only

भाित सिकाि, िे ल मंत्रालय

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS

IP based Video surveillance system

आईपी आधारित वीडियो निगिािी प्रणाली

मई 2022/ May 2022

केमटे क/एस/प्रोज/2022-23/एसपी8A
CAMTECH/S/PROJ/2022-23/SP8A

Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) – 474005

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Booklet on
IP based Video surveillance
system
आईपी आधारित वीडियो निगिािी प्रणाली

Prepared by: Ashish Telang, SSE (Telecom), CAMTECH

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... ii
Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................. iv
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1
2 Features of IP Camera ...................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Resolution .............................................................................................................................. 2
2.2 Illumination ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Lens ........................................................................................................................................ 2
2.4 Iris .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.5 Focal Length.......................................................................................................................... 3
2.6 PAN/TILT/ZOOM................................................................................................................ 3
2.7 Protection .............................................................................................................................. 3

3 Advantages of IP based Video Surveillance System ........................................................ 3

4 IP based Video Surveillance System (Stations & Railway Establishments) ................... 5
4.1 System Description ............................................................................................................... 5

5 Components of IP based Video Surveillance System ....................................................... 6

5.1 Fixed Box Type/ Bullet Type IP Colour Camera ............................................................... 7
5.2 Fixed Dome Type IP Colour Camera ................................................................................. 7
5.3 PTZ (Pan, Tilt, Zoom) IP Colour Camera ......................................................................... 7
5.4 Wireless IP Camera .............................................................................................................. 8
5.5 Camera Housing ................................................................................................................... 8
5.6 Digital keyboard ................................................................................................................... 9
5.7 Large Format Display Monitor ........................................................................................... 9
5.8 Server/ Network Video Recorder (NVR) ............................................................................ 9
5.9 Recording & Storage .......................................................................................................... 10
5.10 Wireless Transmitter/ Receiver Unit ................................................................................ 10
5.11 Copper to Fiber Media Convertor .................................................................................... 10
5.12 Cables................................................................................................................................... 10
5.13 Video Management Software............................................................................................. 11
5.14 Graphical User Interface Client Software ........................................................................ 11
5.15 Video Recording Software ................................................................................................. 11

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5.16 Video Analytics Software ................................................................................................... 11

5.17 Remote viewing on Web and Mobile App ........................................................................ 12
5.18 Face Recognition Software................................................................................................. 12
5.19 Software License ................................................................................................................. 12

6 Architecture of IP based Video Surveillance System ..................................................... 12

6.1 Station only / Standalone architecture: ............................................................................ 12
6.2 RPF/GRP Thana/Post Clustered based architecture: ..................................................... 13
6.3 Cloud based architecture: .................................................................................................. 14

7 Maintenance of IP based Video Surveillance System .................................................... 16

7.1 Important points regarding maintenance ........................................................................ 16
7.2 Do’s & Don’ts ...................................................................................................................... 16

References ................................................................................................................................ 18
CAMTECH Publications......................................................................................................... 19
Our Objective ........................................................................................................................... 21

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Disclaimer
It is clarified that the information given in this booklet does not
supersede any existing provisions laid down in the IR Telecom
Engineering Manual, Railway Board and RDSO publications. This
document is not statuary and instructions given are for the purpose
of learning only. The diagrams and figures given in the booklet are
indicative only. If at any point contradiction is observed, then Signal
Engineering Manual, Telecom Engineering Manual, Railway
Board/RDSO guidelines may be referred or prevalent Zonal
Railways instructions may be followed.

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1 Introduction
Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV), also known as Video Surveillance System (VSS), is the
use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors. A
CCTV system links a camera to a video monitor using a direct transmission system.

CCTV has four parts: CCTV camera, lens, monitor, and cables. Signals from CCTV cameras
are sent to monitors via wired network cables or wireless communication links, which makes
them closed circuit. CCTV systems even allow you to zoom in and track movement.

A Closed-circuit television (CCTV) or VSS has now become a mainstream in surveillance and
security purposes around the world. CCTV relies on strategic placement of cameras, and
observation of the camera's input on monitors somewhere. Because the cameras communicate
with monitors and/or video recorders across private cable runs or wireless communication
links, they gain the designation "closed-circuit" to indicate that access to their content is
limited by design only to those able to see it.

During the 1990s, digital multiplexing was developed, allowing several cameras to record at
once, as well as time lapse and motion-only recording. This saved time and money which then
led to an increase in the use of CCTV. Recently CCTV technology has been enhanced with a
shift toward IP and cloud based products and systems, and other technological developments.

Older CCTV systems used small, low-resolution black and white monitors with no interactive
capabilities. Modern CCTV displays can be color, high-resolution displays and can include
the ability to zoom in on an image or track something (or someone) among their features. Talk
CCTV allows an overseer to speak to people within range of the camera's associated speakers.

IP (Internet Protocol) based Video Surveillance System is a digitized and networked

version of closed-circuit television (CCTV). IP cameras use the Internet Protocol (IP) used by
most Local Area Networks (LANs). In an IP surveillance system, an IP camera records video
footage and the resulting content is stored in a centralized recorder called as NVR (Network
Video Recorder) as well as distributed over an IP (Internet protocol) network.

The IP based Video Surveillance System is based on non-proprietary open architecture where
the Video Management Software, Video Recording Software, Video Analytics Software and
Face Recognition Software can work and integrate with any make of IT hardware like Server,
Storage, Workstation, Network Video Recorder and Switches, etc.

Video Surveillance System is an important security requirement in Indian Railways. IP

Based Video Surveillance System are provided at Main entrance/exit, Platforms, Waiting hall,
Reservation counter, Parking area, Railway yards, Foot over bridges etc. of Railway stations

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and others Railway establishments as per RDSO Specification No. RDSO/SPN/TC/65/2021

Ver. 6.0.

Day to day operation of Video Surveillance system is under control of RPF and it is their
responsibility to check and monitor the system regularly. However, the maintenance
responsibility lies with the S&T department. This booklet covers the brief description of IP
based Video Surveillance System provided at Stations & Railway Establishments of Indian
Railways as per RDSO Specification No. RDSO/SPN/TC/65/2021 Ver. 6.0 and the
maintenance practices to be adopted by the concerned maintenance staff.

2 Features of IP Camera
2.1 Resolution
Resolution is defined by the total number of pixels in the sensor or the horizontal and vertical
pixels. Megapixel Camera is a general term used for any camera that has over 1 million pixels
in the sensor. The pixels are organized in a matrix of horizontal and vertical pixels. The
relationship between the horizontal and vertical pixels is called the aspect ratio. The aspect
ratio (vertical to horizontal ratio) is usually 4:3 or 9:16 (wide). 4K is usually refers to a
camera with over 8 Megapixels of resolution. It has approximately 4,000 horizontal pixels.

2.2 Illumination
The minimum illumination is the lowest light level that provides a reasonable image from the
IP camera. At the low light level, the amplifiers are working very hard and there can be circuit
noise that affects the video image. This is called the signal to noise (S/N) ratio.

2.3 Lens
The lens allows you to frame the area that you want to see. For example, a wide-angle lens
could be used to view a small room, while a narrow-angle lens (with more magnification) can
be used to see an area that’s far away. The lens also can affect some of the other specifications
such as minimum illumination, frame rate, and resolution. A Fixed lens, as the name implies,
has only one mm or angle setting. A variable lens can be manually adjusted through a range of
angles. The zoom lens is similar to the variable lens, but it can be controlled remotely. This
allows you to adjust the setting of the camera lens from your computer making it very easy to
install.

The lens is measured in mm (millimeter). The lower the number the wider the viewing angle.
A 2 mm lens may have an angle of about 110 degrees, while a 50 mm lens has an angle of
about 5.5 degrees. The angle of the lens depends on the size of the sensor and the distance
from the sensor to the lens.

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2.4 Iris
Iris control adjusts how much light falls on the sensor. There are manual iris controls, DC auto
iris, and p-iris lenses. The iris affects the depth of field. The smaller the iris opening the
longer the depth of field. When the scene is very dark, the lens iris opens and the field of view
is reduced. This means some areas that are close or far away are not in focus.

2.5 Focal Length

The focal length (measured in mm) of a lens determines how far the camera can see.

2.6 PAN/TILT/ZOOM
PTZ network cameras use PAN (360), TILT (180) and ZOOM to provide both wide-area
coverage and great detail with a single camera. Great image quality and the ability to zoom in
make it possible to verify detected security events. These cameras are equipped with a variety
of intelligent features and can move between pre-set positions and zoom in automatically in
response to detected events. They can also be easily integrated into a system with other
cameras.

2.7 Protection
IP rating refers to Ingress Protection rating or international protection ratings, which are used
to qualify levels of dust-sealing and water-sealing effectiveness.
IP65: Water resistant. Protected against water jets from any angle
IP67:Water resistant plus. Protected against the events of temporary submersion (10 minutes).

3 Advantages of IP based Video Surveillance System

Below are the top benefits and reasons for why IP-based video surveillance systems are taking
over from analogue CCTV solutions.
 Ease of Installation: Camera installation is comparatively easy as it eliminates the need
for expensive coaxial cabling of analog CCTV cameras.
 Ease of Playback: Viewing footage requires only a computer and a web browser or
dedicated software.
 Cost of maintenance: Shares a unified communications network with data, voice, and
wireless traffic, reducing operations and maintenance costs.
 Resolution: A typical analog camera equates to about 0.4 MP (megapixels), whereas a
standard IP camera offers 2 MP. With some IP cameras ranging up to 10 MP, its easy to
see how the technology can cut down on the overall number of cameras required.

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 Remote Access: You can login into a secure server remotely, using a web-based interface
to view real-time footage on PCs, as well as on mobile devices such as the iPhone, iPad,
and Android-based devices.
 Analytics: The improvements in hardware have been matched by powerful analytics
software. Video Management Systems (VMS) can be combined with other software to
allow applications such as face recognition, license plate recognition, people counting,
and motion detection.
 Integrity of the recorded video: One key advantage of using IP networks for
surveillance is their ability to protect the integrity and availability of recorded
surveillance video and images. IP networks integrate many features that prevent data loss,
back up mission critical data, and recover quickly from outages. A network management
system can monitor all networked devices including cameras, switches, access points, and
storage devices and automatically generate alerts or notifications if issues are detected.
For example, if an IP camera goes offline, a network management system can
immediately alert administrators, who can then, from wherever they are, reassign another
camera to cover that area. If a storage unit is unavailable, the back-up storage or edge
storage on cameras can automatically take over and no recorded data is lost.
 Power over Ethernet (PoE): IP cameras can be powered by a number of methods.
Power over Ethernet (PoE), a feature unavailable in analog video systems, simplifies
installation of network cameras / video encoders, reduces installation and maintenance
costs, and improves reliability in IP video surveillance systems. PoE enables IP network
devices to receive power from a PoE-enabled switch or mid-span through the same
standard cable that transmits IP data.
 Scalability: Utilizing edge processing and individual camera licensing, it is possible to
scale from a single camera up to thousands.
 Redundancy: It is possible to record simultaneously in two NVRs. This offers an
additional safety net to recover footage in the event of damage/corruption to data on the
main NVR.
 Lossless Playback: Footage can be reviewed with multiple zoom on playback, even on
fixed lens cameras, with no degradation of the image. This alleviates a common problem
with analog systems, where high levels of compression can often leave the image
unreadable.
 Wireless: If its possible to get a line-of-sight between the camera and the servers
location, it is possible to reduce cabling costs by transmitting the data wirelessly. Some
important specifications of surveillance devices one should be clear before going for
procurement.

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4 IP based Video Surveillance System (Stations & Railway Establishments)

IP cameras are installed at all entrance/exit, Platforms, Waiting hall, Reservation counter,
Parking area, Railway yards, Foot over bridges etc. of Railway stations and other Railway
establishments. For Stations, IP cameras complying with RDSO specs have to be used. For
other non-critical locations in Railway premises, Railway may install CCTV cameras after
taking approval of competent authority either as per Railways own specification or as per
RDSO specification.

4.1 System Description

In IP based Video Surveillance System, the IP Cameras are provided at different locations so
that the output is available as Ethernet and these cameras are connected to the Servers/NVRs
through wired or wireless media.
The wireless network is envisaged for extreme areas like, yards, foot over bridges and any
other area in the station where cable is difficult to lay and maintain.

The system does have a diagnostic facility through NMS for Video & Network interfaces.
System logging is also possible through either system software, remote client or console port
on the system. Authorized users can view the video through a mobile platform as well.

There is provision of Panic Button/Buttons at various locations at Stations. Pressing the Panic
Button, the alarm is sent to the central location through an available network.

Redundant Servers / NVRs are provided so that the recording and playback availability is not
affected in case of failure of any Server / NVR. The continuous recording of the last 30 days
at any given point of time should be available through redundant Server / NVR in case of a
Server / NVR failure.
It should be possible to view any camera from the Divisional, Zonal Headquarters and from
the Railway Board at the time of emergency or whenever desired.

The Recording should be stored for at least 30 days at 25 FPS Full HD resolution for Full HD
Cameras and 25 FPS Ultra HD resolution for 4K UHD Cameras with H.265 or higher Video
Compression.

All cameras used should have Edge Storage feature. In case of any failure or interruption of
network, the Camera shall automatically start recording on Edge Storage Memory Card at
resolution and frames per second as required and when the network recovers, the Video data
shall automatically be transferred to the External Storage Device/Server/NVR installed at
respective Stations without any impact on the system operations.

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The GUI Software and camera should support text superimposing the title and date & time on
the video. If continuous data is not transferred instantaneously to main storage due to network
outage, it is required that timestamps are maintained in order to avoid duplication in
transmission of data.

Network and storage equipment rooms should have access control entry so that only
authorized personnel are given access.

5 Components of IP based Video Surveillance System

i) Full HD or 4K UHD Fixed Box Type IP Colour Camera with Varifocal Lens and
Housing & Mount
ii) Full HD or 4K UHD Bullet type IP Colour Camera
iii) Full HD Fixed Dome Type IP Colour Camera
iv) Full HD PTZ (Pan, Tilt, Zoom) IP Colour Camera
v) Digital Keyboard
vi) Large Format Display Monitor
vii) Server Hardware
viii) Network Video Recorder (NVR)
ix) PC Workstation
x) External Storage Device
xi) Core Switches
xii) Aggregation Switches
xiii) Layer 2 Switches (24Port)
xiv) Field Switches (8 port)
xv) Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit
xvi) Copper to Fiber Media Convertor
xvii) Various types of cables:
a. STP CAT-6 Cable
b. Underground Optic Fiber Cable
c. Arial Optic Fiber Cable
d. Power Cable
xviii) Video Management Software
xix) Graphical User Interface Client Software
xx) Video Recording Software
xxi) Video Analytics Software
xxii) Remote viewing on Web and Mobile App
xxiii) Face Recognition Software
xxiv) Software License

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5.1 Fixed Box Type/ Bullet Type IP Colour Camera

Fixed IP cameras operate in a static position and provide a single view within the camera's
field of vision, allowing for continuous monitoring of people & specific areas of interest. The
direction of the camera is set during installation. Housing arrangement should protect Camera
and lens combination.

A bullet type camera is a small camera designed for security applications. The name comes
from the small size of these cameras resembling bullets. Bullet cameras are not serviceable
and come with lenses and housings that are permanently attached. They are usually small and
are meant to be mounted discreetly. Box cameras on the other hand are larger and have
internal components and lenses that can sometimes be replaced.

Figure 5.2: Fixed Box type IP colour camera Figure 5.1: Bullet type IP colour camera

The fixed box type/ bullet type IP Colour cameras are provided in parking area, entrance/exit
points, platforms, yards etc.

5.2 Fixed Dome Type IP Colour Camera

Dome camera is the basic type of security camera, which is meant for indoor installation. The
name of this camera came from its dome shape. The dome shape of these cameras allows
them to be inconspicuous because it is hard to tell the direction the cameras are facing;
however, being still visible to the eyes.

Fixed Dome type IP colour Cameras are provided in indoor locations such as waiting halls,
ticket counters, offices etc

5.3 PTZ (Pan, Tilt, Zoom) IP Colour Camera

It is possible to pan, tilt, and zoom PTZ cameras. It gives a surveillance operator the freedom
to pan, tilt, and zooms the lens. You can manually control these cameras or program them to
follow an accurate view of things. Since these cameras can be monitored using live controls,
they are employed in highly sensitive zones where live monitoring is required.

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Figure 5.3: Dome type IP colour camera Figure 5.4: PTZ IP colour camera

PTZ (Pan,Tilt,Zoom) IP colour Cameras are preferably provided in parking area, circulating
area, platforms, foot over bridges etc. and for general perimeter surveillance where special
attention or tracking is required. The whole area under video surveillance must be fully
covered by fixed cameras and PTZ camera should be used additionally where closer
monitoring of a large area is required.

5.4 Wireless IP Camera

Wireless IP cameras transmit video and audio signal to a wireless receiver through a radio
band. Wireless IP cameras are normally be used for far away locations, where cabling is
difficult to be installed & maintained like yards, extreme corners of stations etc. Cameras with
Solar Powered Battery and Long Range Wi-Fi Antenna may be used for such locations.

5.5 Camera Housing

Housing protects Camera and lens combination. Housing arrangement should be designed for
both outdoor and indoor use and should meet customer requirements for Camera enclosures.

Figure 5.6: Wireless IP Camera Figure 5.5: Camera Housing

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5.6 Digital keyboard

The Digital Keyboard is fully functional, multipurpose keyboard used for controlling of
connected PTZ Camera. It includes an integral variable speed Pan, Tilt, Zoom joystick and
should be able to select PTZ Camera.

5.7 Large Format Display Monitor

Large Format Display Monitors are LED backlit type and are used for displaying multiple
Camera videos in conjunction with viewing workstation. These monitors should be suitable
for 24x7 (round the clock) use. One such Monitor shall display minimum 16 Cameras on a
single unit. Selection of these Cameras shall be as per software specifications.

5.8 Server/ Network Video Recorder (NVR)

Either Server based solution or Network Video Recorder based solution or combination of
both can be implemented for Video Management and Video Recording. They should be able
to work 24x7, 365 days).

A Network Video Recorder (NVR) is a specialized computer system that includes a software
program that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB drive, SD memory card or
other mass storage device. Network video recorders are distinct from digital video
recorders (DVR) as their input is from a network rather than a direct connection to a video
capture card or tuner. Video on a DVR is encoded and processed at the DVR, while video on
an NVR is encoded and processed at the camera, then streamed to the NVR for storage or
remote viewing. An NVR with at least 32 channel is typically deployed in an IP based Video
Surveillance System.

Figure 5.7: NVR (Network Video Recorder)

If required, Redundant Servers/NVRs may be provided so that the recording and playback
availability is not affected in case of failure of any Server/NVR. The recording of last 30 days
at any given point of time should be available through redundant Server /NVR in case of a
Server/NVR failure.
One 17-inch Monitor or as specified by the purchaser with Keyboard, Mouse, KVM Switch
along with associated accessories shall be provided for each Rack for Servers or Workstation.

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5.9 Recording & Storage

The Storage is external when Server based solution is provided. Storage can be either external
and/or internal (built in) in case Network Video Recorder based solution is provided.
In case, Video Management and Video Recording is deployed on Network Video Recorders
(NVRs) then NVRs shall integrate seamlessly with Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Video
Analytics and Face Recognition Software deployed on Servers or at Cloud.
The Video Recording and Management System provide secured recording for evidence
purposes and user authentication to protect data integrity.

5.10 Wireless Transmitter/ Receiver Unit

Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit is used to send IP video signals from Cameras to central
location switch from extreme areas like yards, foot over bridges and any other area in the
station where cabling is difficult to install & maintain.
Wireless Transmitter/Receiver Unit shall be compact in design and shall be easily integrated
with Fixed Cameras and PTZ Cameras. It shall enable digital transmission of both video &
data for PTZ control over the same frequency channel.
Outdoor Unit of Transmitter/Receiver Unit shall be with enclosure of rating IP66 / NEMA 4
or better with all external connector for easy installation.

5.11 Copper to Fiber Media Convertor

Media Converter shall generally be as per RDSO specification no. RDSO/ SPN/TC/103/2013,
Revision 0.0 (with latest revision/ amendments).

5.12 Cables
Following Cables shall be provided for connectivity of different equipment in the system:
STP CAT-6 Cable: STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) CAT-6 Cable shall be compliant with latest
EIA/TIA-568-B.2-1 standard for CAT 6 cable or as specified by purchaser. The screen of the
STP cable should be properly grounded.
Optic Fiber Cable: Underground Optic Fibre Cable shall be 24 / 48 Fibre Armoured Optic
Fibre Cable as per latest RDSO specifications. Overhead Optic Fibre cable shall be 6 / 12 / 24
fibre as per latest TEC/BSNL specification.
Power Cable: Power Cable 3 Core, 2.5 sq mm, multi strand copper conductor, PVC
insulated, Armoured, confirming to IS: 1554 Part–I shall be provided or as specified by
purchaser.

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5.13 Video Management Software

A video management software (VMS) is a part of IP based video surveillance system that
allows the user to access real time videos, record, store, & playback recorded videos and
derive useful insights of the surveillance site.
It should offer a complete video surveillance solution that will be scalable to required
numbers of cameras that can be added on a unit-by-unit basis. The video management
software shall be licensed and shall operate on open architecture and shall require no
proprietary IT hardware. It shall allow the recording, live monitoring, playback of archived
video and data simultaneously.

5.14 Graphical User Interface Client Software

The GUI software performs the following applications simultaneously without interfering
with any of the storage server operations (recording, alarms, etc.):-
 Live display of Cameras.
 Live display of Camera sequences.
 Control of PTZ Cameras.
 Playback of archived video.
 Retrieval of archived video.
 Instant replay of live video.
 Use of graphical controls (maps) and alarm management.
 Configuration of system settings.

5.15 Video Recording Software

Software shall support recording of MJPEG/H.265 or higher video streams. It shall support
recording of video and audio for all the channels.

5.16 Video Analytics Software

Possible applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled analytics software over the IP
based video surveillance system, for specified number of Cameras for specific stations, shall
include the following minimum Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled video analytics software.
 Intrusion Detection
 Camera Tampering
 Loitering Detection
 Human & Vehicle Detection
 Search of Humans based on Attribute
 Colour Search
 Fallen Person
 Combination Search (Human/Vehicle & Colour)

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5.17 Remote viewing on Web and Mobile App

System should be provisioned for at least 1000 users and 100 concurrent logins. VMS system
shall also be provided with a mobile app for Android as well as Apple iOS based smartphones
to allow secure access of VMS Server live and recorded video streams using smartphone or a
tablet from Divisional HQ/any other centralized location or other clients connected to
MPLS/IP network as per the requirement.

5.18 Face Recognition Software

Face Recognition System shall work on real time and offline mode. The system shall capture
face images from live CCTV video feed and generate alerts, if blacklist match is found. FRS
alerts should be pushed to the Video Management System/ NVR. (Seamlessly integrated with
Video Management System /NVR).

5.19 Software License

Required number of licenses shall be provided by OEM/Vendor for Video Management,
Video Recording, Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled Video Analytics and Face Recognition
Software as required by the purchaser as per site requirement.

6 Architecture of IP based Video Surveillance System

6.1 Station only / Standalone architecture:
This implementation scheme of Video Surveillance System is meant for such Stations where
Video Management, Video Recording, Video Analytics and Face Recognition Software for
the Cameras of a Station are provided in the Station.

The Cameras of Station Platforms are connected to Field Ethernet Switch with STP cable. The
screen of STP cable should be properly grounded. The Field Ethernet Switch streams Video
data to a suitable location at stations such as CCTV Control Room through Aggregation
Switch connected with OFC.

CCTV Control Room is connected to MPLS/ IP network through the Core Switch. Video
Management and Video Recording are deployed on Servers/Network Video Recorders. For
Viewing and Monitoring of Cameras, requisite numbers of PC Workstations and Large format
display monitors provided at Station CCTV Control Room. Required Storage is provided on
External Storage Devices/Servers/Network Video Recorders. Video Analytics and Face
Recognition Software are deployed on Servers at the Station CCTV Control Room or at any
other location. There is provision for Viewing and Monitoring of Camera streams at
Divisional HQ/ any other centralized location or other Clients connected to MPLS/ IP network
as per requirement. VMS system should also be provided with a mobile app for Android,
Windows as well as Apple iOS based smartphones to allow secure access of VMS Server live

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and recorded video streams using smartphone or a tablet from Divisional HQ/any other
centralized location or other clients connected to MPLS/IP network. Mobile App should be
easy to use application allowing simultaneous multiple camera monitoring.

Figure 6.1: Station only / Standalone architecture

6.2 RPF/GRP Thana/Post Clustered based architecture:

This implementation scheme of Video Surveillance System is meant for Cluster of Stations
where Video Streams of Cameras of Stations are aggregated to a nearest suitable location such
as RPF/GRP Thana/Posts for Video Management (Viewing and Monitoring) Video
Recording, and video analytics including automatic face recognition.

Video Analytics and Automatic Face Recognition Software are deployed at Divisional HQ or
RPF/GRP Thana/Posts or any other location. The Cameras of Station Platforms are connected
to Field Ethernet Switch. Field Ethernet Switch streams Video data to RPF/GRP Thana/Posts
through Aggregation Switch. RPF/GRP Thana/Posts are connected to MPLS/ IP networks
through the Core Switch. Video Management and Video Recording are deployed on
Servers/Network Video Recorders at RPF/GRP Thana/Posts, where the Video streams are
aggregated. For Viewing and Monitoring of Cameras, requisite numbers of PC Workstations
and Large format display monitors be provided at RPF / GRP Thana/Posts. Required Storage
is to be provided at RPF / GRP Thana / Posts on External Storage Devices/Servers/Network

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Video Recorders. Video Analytics and Face Recognition Software are deployed on respective
Servers. There‘s a provision for Viewing and Monitoring of Camera streams at Divisional
HQ/ any other centralized location or other Clients connected to MPLS/ IP network.

For centralized management of such multiple Clusters, Video Management Server and Server
for Face Image database may be deployed with N:1 redundancy at Data-Centers i.e.
Divisional/Zonal HQ or any other centralized location. Face Image Database Server at
Datacenter shall be in sync with each individual RPF/GRP Thana/Posts local FRS Servers as
and when any subject or alarm is generated/ updated. Synchronization to be done at least once
daily. The System shall have a storage solution at Data-Centers for keeping flagged/marked
video data by RPF/GRP personnel for longer retention, FRS and Video Analytic alerts across
all stations for 30 days, Audit trail logs, application data etc. as per solution requirement.

Figure 6.2: RPF/GRP Thana/Post Clustered based architecture

6.3 Cloud based architecture:

This implementation scheme of Video Surveillance System is meant for Cluster of Stations
where Video Streams of Cameras of Stations are aggregated to a nearest suitable location such
as RPF/GRP Thana/Posts for Video Management (Viewing and Monitoring) and Video
Recording. Video Analytics and Face Recognition Software shall be deployed at the Cloud.
Video/data shall be stored at RPF/GRP Thana/Post on External Storage Devices
/Servers/NVRs and at Cloud as per requirement.

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Video Analytics and Face Recognition Software is deployed in the Cloud. Video Data is to be
stored at RPF/GRP Thana/Posts on External Storage Devices/ Servers/ Network Video
Recorders and at Cloud. The Cameras of Station Platforms are connected to Field Ethernet
Switch. Field Ethernet Switch streams Video data to RPF/GRP Thana/Posts through
Aggregation Switch. The RPF/GRP Thana/Posts are connected to the MPLS/ IP network and
the Cloud through the Core Switch. The Video Management and Video Recording are
deployed on Servers/Network Video Recorders at RPF/GRP Thana/Posts, where the Video
streams are aggregated. For Viewing and Monitoring of Cameras, requisite numbers of PC
Workstations and Large format display monitors are to be provided at RPF/GRP Thana/Post.

In case Video Management and Video Recording Software is required for operation of Video
Analytics and Face Recognition Software at Cloud, same is to be provided at Cloud. There
shall be provision for Viewing and Monitoring of Camera streams at Divisional HQ/ any other
centralized location or other Clients connected to MPLS/ IP network. All Video data and
alarms generated by Video Analytics and Face Recognition Software at the Cloud are to be
available at RPF/GRP Thana/Posts and Divisional HQ/ any other centralized location or any
other clients through Cloud.

Figure 6.3: Cloud based architecture

Continuous Video Monitoring/ Live Viewing for all the Cameras through PC Workstations
and Large Format Display Monitors with Full HD and 4K UHD resolution display support.

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One such Monitor displays 16 Cameras on a single unit. For simultaneous viewing of more
cameras, more monitors can be provided. One 32/64/128 Channel Server/NVR shall support
Playback of recorded video for minimum 16 Channels simultaneously at Full HD or higher.
During playback, continuous recording should not be interrupted.

7 Maintenance of IP based Video Surveillance System

7.1 Important points regarding maintenance
 The equipment should be kept clean and tidy without dust.
 The connectivity to Switches, Cameras, Servers, PC Workstation, Storage, etc. shall be
checked and ensured that the network is complete till the end mile.
 Condition of various cables to be checked by carrying out routine checks done for
various cables.
 OFC cables and connectors to be checked as per routine checks done on OFC.
 The Antivirus patches to be updated in the system time to time.
 Staff has to be trained for maintenance of video surveillance system.
 Necessary action is to be taken to ensure uptime better than 99.5% in consultation with
the manufacturer of video surveillance system & system integrator.
 In addition to the above, any other checks suggested by manufacturers.
 LAPTOP along with other required accessories and tools should be provided to the
supervisor maintaining VSS system.
 The complete VSS system of a station should be inspected, checked and maintained by
concerned SSE/JE on a monthly basis.

7.2 Do’s & Don’ts

Do’s:
 Do write the configuration changes if any done in a register.
 Do proper lacing of the internal wiring.
 Protect the cables from rodents where cabling is done through false flooring.
 Train the staff and update the knowledge to maintain the VSS network more
efficiently.
 Use ESD wrist bands while handling VSS equipment.
 Use a good quality earth and maintain the earth resistance below 1 Ohms.
 Change the password of PC workstation/servers once in a month and record it securely
and confidentially.

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 Take back-up of the various configurations every time the configuration is changed.
This will help in faster restoration in the event of software error/Flash failure.
 Follow the procedure of clearing the event and performance logs of the PC
workstation / server at specified intervals.
 Plan replacement of UPS batteries as per the specified lifecycle.
 Keep the operation and maintenance manual provided by OEM / System Integrator
handy.
 Check the backup at least once a week.

Don’ts
 Do not change the hardware of the system when power supply is ON unless it is
clearly mentioned that it supports hot swapping.
 Do not change the IP addressing scheme and IP address of the working network
without the written permission of the in-charge.
 Do not change any configuration without the permission of the in-charge.
 Do not run down the batteries of the UPS below specified level.
 Never switch off the equipment without following the proper shut down procedure.
 Do not share the passwords of PC workstation, wireless system, switches and servers
with your colleagues.
 Never use water to clean the equipment room.
 Don’t use water based fire extinguishers for any installations

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References
1. IR Telecom Manual 2021
2. RDSO Specification No. RDSO/SPN/TC/65/2021 Ver. 6.0
3. RDSO Specification No. RDSO/SPN/TC/106/2019 Rev. 1.0
4. IRISET TC3 – Passenger Information System
5. IRISET – Gyandeep Magazine
6. Information available online

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CAMTECH Publications
CAMTECH is continuing its efforts in the documentation and up-gradation of information on
maintenance practices of Signalling & Telecom assets. Over the years a large number of
publications on Signalling & Telecom subjects have been prepared in the form of handbooks,
pocket books, pamphlets and video films. These publications have been uploaded on the
internet as well as Railnet.
For downloading these publications
On Internet:
Visit www.rdso.indianrailways.gov.in
Go to Directorates → CAMTECH Gwalior → Other Important links → Publications for
download - S&T Engineering
or click on link
https://rdso.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,2,17,6313,6321,6326
On Railnet:
Visit RDSO website at 10.100.2.19
Go to Directorates → CAMTECH → Publications → S&T Engineering
Or click on the link
http://10.100.2.19/camtech/Publications/CAMTECH%20Publications%20Online/SntPub.htm

A limited number of publications in hard copy are also available in CAMTECH library which
can be issued by deputing staff with official letter from controlling officer. The letter should be
addressed to Director (S&T), CAMTECH, Gwalior.
For any further information regarding publications please contact:
Director (S&T) – 0751-2470185 (O)(BSNL)
SSE/Tele - 9755549287 (CUG)
Or
Email at dirsntcamtech@gmail.com
Or
FAX to 0751-2470841 (BSNL)
Or
Write at
Director (S&T)
Indian Railways Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology,
In front of Hotel Adityaz, Airport Road, Maharajpur,
Gwalior (M.P.) 474005

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Quality Policy

“We at RDSO Lucknow are committed to maintain and update transparent

standards of services to develop safe, modern and cost effective railway
technology complying with statutory and regulatory requirements, through
excellence in research, designs and standards by setting quality objectives,
commitment to satisfy applicable requirements and continual
improvements of the quality management system to cater to growing needs,
demand and expectations of passenger and freight traffic on the railways
through periodic review of quality management systems to achieve
continual improvement and customer appreciation. It is communicated and
applied within the organization and making it available to all the relevant
interested parties”.

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Our Objective

To upgrade Maintenance Technologies and Methodologies and achieve

improvement in Productivity and Performance of all Railway assets and
manpower which inter-alia would cover Reliability, Availability and
Utilisation.

If you have any suggestion & any specific comments, please write to us:
Contact person : Director (Signal & Telecommunication)
Postal Address : Centre for Advanced Maintenance Technology,
Opposite Hotel Adityaz, Near DD Nagar,
Maharajpur, Gwalior (M.P.) Pin Code – 474 005
Phone : 0751 - 2470185
Email : dirsntcamtech@gmail.com

Booklet on IP based Video surveillance system May 2022