Diseases related to

digestive system
 Review
1. What action is include in mechanical digestion?
2. In which organ does mechanical digestion happen?
3. What action is include in chemical digestion?
4. In which organ does chemical digestion happen?
5. Tell 3 liquids that help in digestion.
1. Chewing, grinding, peristalsis
2. Mechanical digestion happens in the mouth, esophagus (gullet), stomach.
3. Chemical digestion using enzymes to break down food.
4. Many organs in the digestive system secrete different substances.
5. Saliva: moistening food and helping to create food bolus, so it can be
swallowed easily
Acid: to break down, digest and absorb nutrients.
Enzyme: speed up the digestion, destroying toxins, break down food particles
during digestion.
 At the end of the lesson you will answer:

1. What is diarrhea?
2. What are the symptoms of diarrhea?
3. How to prevent diarrhea?
4. How to treat diarrhea?
Watch the video and take notes of important
things!
 Diarrhea

• Diarrhea means loose, watery stools occurring more

than 3 times in 1 day.
• Diarrhea is a very common condition for people of all
ages. 
• A viral infection, such as the stomach flu, or a bacterial
infection most frequently causes diarrhea.
 Symptoms of diarrhea

• Passing of frequent stools that are loose, watery, and soft

• Diarrhea may also cause bloating, pain, cramps, and gas.
• You may need to go to the bathroom frequently. 
 Causes of diarrhea
• Diarrhea is most frequently caused by a viral infection, such as the stomach
flu.  There are many viruses that cause the stomach flu.  Rotavirus and
Norwalk virus are the most common ones.  The viruses are found in
contaminated food or drinking water. 
• Poor hand washing frequently spreads the viruses.  The viruses can spread
among groups of people, such as schools, employers, or families.  Symptoms
typically appear within 4 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus.
 Causes of diarrhea
• Bacteria are another common cause of diarrhea and cause the most severe
symptoms. 
• Bacterial causes include traveler’s diarrhea, food poisoning, handling
undercooked meat or poultry, and handling reptiles with the bacteria. 
• Bacteria related conditions typically last from a few days to a week or more,
depending on the cause, and can be associated with bloody bowel
movements.
 Causes of diarrhea
• Parasites and chemical toxins can cause diarrhea. 
• Parasites are found in contaminated drinking water or swimming pools. 
Chemical toxins are most frequently contained in seafood, certain
medications, and metals including lead, mercury, and arsenic.
 Treatment of diarrhea
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of
your diarrhea.
Most cases of diarrhea caused by bacteria or
viruses can be treated at home.
You should drink plenty of fluids to avoid
dehydration.
You should avoid drinks that contain caffeine and
milk.
Milk may make diarrhea worse.
 Prevention
• The stomach flu can be prevented with good hand washing.

• Hands should be washed thoroughly after going to the bathroom

and before handling food. You should avoid contaminated food or
water.

• Eat only well-cooked foods including meats, vegetables, and

shellfish. Do not consume dairy products.

• Do not eat fruit that does not have a peel.

 Review Time

1. What is diarrhea?
2. What cause diarrhea?
3. What are the symptoms of diarrhea?
4. How to prevent diarrhea?
5. How to treat diarrhea?
CONSTIPATION
At the end of the lesson you will be able to
explain:
1. What is constipation?
2. What are the symptoms of constipation?
3. How to prevent constipation?
4. How to treat constipation?
Watch the video and take notes of important
things!
What is constipation?

• Having a bowel movement less than 3 times per week.

• Hard stools or difficulty passing stools.
• You may have pain while passing stools or may be unable
to have a bowel movement after straining or pushing for
more than 10 minutes.
 Cause of Constipation
• Constipation develops when people do not take the time or ignore the urge
to defecate.
• As the result of low consumption of fiber and inadequate fluid intake.
• Lack of regular exercise.
• Stress-filled life.
Prevention of
constipation
Review Time

1. What is constipation?
2. What cause constipation?
3. What are the symptoms of constipation?
4. How to prevent constipation?
5. How to treat constipation?