EXPERIMENT No. 2 AIM: To Analyse and Implement Multiplexer and Demuttiplexer respectively for: a, Implementation of any given Boolean expression, b. Implementation of using higher order Multiplexer and Demultiplexer using lower order Multiplexer and Demultiplexer. : APPARATUS: Digital trainer kits, Logic gate IC's. 7404, 7408, 7432, Connecting wires THEORY: MULTIPLEXER: The multiplexer is a digital circuit which has many input lines and one output line, The function of the multiplexer is to select one of the input lines and connect it to the output. 4X1 Multiplexer: A four input multiplexer is shown in figure. There are four inputs To, i, Tz and Is which are selectively transmitted to output Y depending on select input combinations. Here two select inputs are required as 2". 4 where N is number of select inputs i.e., N ‘outed to output Y depending upon select input combination. When SiS Each data input is the input reaches output Y. The logic diagram for 4:1 multiplexer is given in figure. The Boolean expression for output is: “4 2 515310 +5180 +1 5012+S1S013, a bsSe Table 2.1: Truth Table of 4:1 Multiplexer Select Inputs | Output Selected Enable So Si ne 0 0 0 lo 0 0 1 h 0 1 0 b ; 0 1 1 hb DEMULTIPLEXER: The demultiplexer is a digital circuit which has one input and many output fines. In other words, the demultiplexer takes one input data source and selectively ~ distributes it to | of N output channels. The number of select lines is S where N = 2°. 1X4 Demultiplexer: Figure shows logic diagram for a demultiplexer that distributes one line (input) to four output lines. The single data input lines are connected to all AND gates. But only one of these lines will be enabled by select lines So, $1, €.8., SoS1=0 0, the Do will be available. -c-ow Fig 2. Circuit Diagram of 1X4 Demultiplexerwwree ‘Table 2. ruth Table of 1X4 Demultiplexer Select Inputs ~~ Outputs a +] Se | Ds | De | Di | Do (Oey | eeepc comes come (eal 0 | 1 fofofifo . 1 0 0 1 0 0 ry] 1} 0|0 | 0 a, Implementation of any given Boolean express Implement the Boolean expression F (A, B, C) = Ym (0, 2, 5, 6) using 4X1 multiplexer. In the given Boolean expression, there are 3 variables. We should use 2°: | = 8X1 multiplexer. But for 4X1 multiplexer, there should be 2 selection lines, So, from the given 3 variables, the 2 least significant variables (B, C) are used as selection line inputs. Let us derive the four inputs of 4X1 multiplexer using the implementation table. The four inputs ferms are written under the four inputs in 2 rows as are listed in column-wise and all the mi shown below. gy > rs ‘The minterms given in the Boolean expression is circled and analysed. After analysing, the input values of 4X1 mux is obtained as, A, 1,0. Thus, the circuit can be drawn as below.1 of Boole: n expression bb. Implementation of using higher order Multiplexer and Demultiplexer using lower order Multiplexer and Demultiplexe 1X8 De-Multiplexer: We know that 1X4 De-Multiplexer has single input, two selection li and four outputs. Whereas, 1X8 De-Multiplexer has single input, three selection lines and eight outputs. So, we require two 1x4 De-Multiplexers in second stage in order to get the final eight outputs. Since, the number of inputs in second stage is two. we require 1X2 De-Muluplexer in first stage so that the outputs of first stage will be the inputs of second stage. Input of this 1X2 De- Multiplexer will be the overall input of 1X8 De-Multiplexer. Let the IX8 De-Muttiplexer has one input I, three selection lines s2, si & so and outputs Y> to Yo. The Truth table of IX8 De-Multiplexer is shown below. ‘Table 2.3: Truth Table of 1X8 Demultiplexer ‘Selection Inpute outputs oe © se Yeo Me 0 ° oo 1 ° ° 1 co og ' oo :De-Hultiplexer t a2) }—+ v, De-Hultiplexer Fig 2.4: Circuit Diagram of 1X8 Demultiplexer Using 1X2 and 1X4 Demultiplexer 8x1 Multiplexer: Let us implement 8x1 Multiplexer using 4X1 Multiplexers and 2X1 Multiplexer. We know that 4x1 Multiplexer has 4 data inputs, 2 selection lines and one output Whereas, 8X1 Multiplexer has 8 data inputs, 3 selection lines and one output, So, we require two 4X1 Multiplexers in first stage in order to get the 8 data inputs. Since, each 4X1 Multiplexer produces one output, we require a 2X1 Multiplexer in second stage by considering the outputs of first stage as inputs and to produce the final output. Let the 8X1 Multiplexer has eight data inputs Ir to lo, three selection lines s s1 & so and one output Y. The Truth table of 8X1 Multiplexer is shown below. ‘Table 2.4: Truth Table of 8X1 Multiplexer Selection Inputs output 8: Ss Se y ° ° 0 u ° 0 1 ° ‘ t ° 1 1 4 1 D 0 tr ax + Hutiplever = a ty ——o} Muttipleer Fig 25: Cireuit Diagram of 8X1 Multiplexer Using 2X1 and 4X1 Multiplexer PROCEDURE: 1. Take the IC’s numbered 7404, 7408, 7432. Place them properly on their respective places. 3, Make the connections as per the cteuit diagram, ‘The circuit can be verified using various values of inputs and then testing the values of output as pe truth able PRECAUTIONS: 1. Circuit should be properly connected. 2, Do not short circuit in the trainer kit during operation. 3, Wires shouldbe held by their heads while being removed cSS they may get damage.