CONTENT ANALYSIS OF AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK

Contents

Page

APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………………………….. i
DECLARATION………………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………….. iii
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………... v
LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………. vi
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………… vii
Chapter I Introduction................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the study....................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose of the study.............................................................................. 3
1.3 Research questions................................................................................ 3
1.4 Significance of the study....................................................................... 3
1.5 Definition of the term ………………………………………...……... 4
1.6 The thesis organization......................................................................... 5

Chapter II Literature Review....................................................................................... 7

2.1 Definition of the textbook..................................................................... 7
2.2 An approach to design a textbook......................................................... 8
2.2.1 Levels in a textbook……………………………………………....... 8
2.2.2 The organization of a textbook………………..………………….... 9
2.2.3 Textbook presentation…...…………………………………………. 12
2.3 A standardized textbook...………………........................................... 12
2.4 A guidance to evaluate a textbook....................................................... 14
2.5 The integrated language skill............................................................... 17
2.5.1 Listening………………………………………………………….... 17
2.5.2 Speaking……………………………………………………...……. 19
2.5.3 Reading………………………………………………………….…. 20
2.5.4 Writing……………………………………………………………... 21
2.5.5 Vocabulary…………………………………………………………. 22
2.5.6 Grammar………………………………………………………….... 26
2.6 Text types…………………………………………………………….. 27
2.6.1 Description…………………………………………………………. 28
2.6.1.1 Factual description………………………………………………. 28
2.6.1.2 Literary description………………………………………………. 28
2.6.2. Information report…………………………………………………. 29
2.6.3 Procedure…………………………………………………………... 29
2.6.4 Recount…………………………………………………………….. 30

R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014

Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
 2.6.4.1 Procedural recount……………………………………………….. 30
2.6.4.2 Factual recount…………………………………………………… 30
2.6.4.3 Literary recount………………………………………………….. 31
2.6.5 Discussion………………………………………………………….. 31
2.6.6 Explanation………………………………………………………… 31
2.6.7 Exposition………………………………………………………….. 32
2.6.7.1 Analytical Exposition…………………………………………… 32
2.6.7.2 Hortatory Exposition……………………………………………. 32
2.6.8 Narrative………………………………………………………….... 33
2.6.9 Response…………………………………………………………… 33
2.7 Teacher’s Book………………………………………………………. 33
2.8 Curriculum 2013……………..………………………………………. 34
2.8.1 The competencies in Curriculum 2013…………………………….. 34
2.8.2 A framework for textbook analyzing based on Curriculum 2013…. 39
2.8.2.1 Attitude…………………………………………………………... 39
2.8.2.2 Skill……………………………………………………………… 41
2.8.2.3 Knowledge……………………………………………………….. 43
2.8.3 The learning-teaching model of Curriculum 2013………...………. 44
2.8.3.1 Problem Based Learning (PBL)………………………………….. 45
2.8.3.2 Project Based Learning (PjBL)………………………………….. 47
2.8.3.3 Discovery Learning…………...………………………………….. 48
2.8.4 Scientific Approach………………………………………………... 50
2.8.4.1. Learning steps in scientific approach……………………………. 51
2.8.4.1.1 Observing………………………………………………………. 52
2.8.4.1.2 Questioning…………………………………………………….. 53
2.8.4.1.3 Experimenting………………………….………………………. 54
2.8.4.1.4 Associating…………………………………………………….. 54
2.8.4.1.5 Communicating………………………………………………… 55
2.8.5 Cultural content…………………………………………………...... 55

Chapter III Methodology…………………………………………………………....... 57

3.1 Research design.................................................................................... 57
3.2 Data collection...................................................................................... 58
3.3 Data analysis......................................................................................... 59

Chapter IV Findings and discussion………………………………………………….. 62

4.1 Textbook’ features based on the criteria for textbook content
development…………………………………………………………. 62
4.1.1 Language Skills………………………………………….…...……. 63
4.1.1.1 Listening………..…………………………………….……...…... 64
4.1.1.2 Speaking….………………………………………….……...….... 67
4.1.1.3 Reading….………………………………………….……………. 70
4.1.1.4 Writing….………………………………………….………….…. 74
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R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014
Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
 4.1.2 Vocabulary………………………………………………….......…. 78
4.1.2.1 The approaches to develop vocabulary instruction and learning… 78
4.1.2.1.1 Incidental learning……………………………………………... 78
4.1.2.1.2 Explicit instruction …………………………………………….. 80
4.1.2.1.3 Independent strategy development…………………………….. 81
4.1.2.2 Actual content of vocabulary input………………………………. 81
4.1.2.3 Estimation of vocabulary achievement…………………………... 85
4.1.2.4 The standard vocabulary presentation…………………………… 85
4.1.2.4.1 Frequencies and range ………………………………………... 88
4.1.2.4.2 Teachability …………………………………………………… 88
4.1.2.4.3 Similarity ……………………………………………………… 89
4.1.2.4.4 Availability …………………….……………………………… 90
4.1.2.4.5 Coverage……………..………………………………………… 90
4.1.2.4.6 Defining power………………………………………………… 90
4.1.2.4.7 Compilation of basic vocabulary………………………………. 91
4.1.2.4.8 Familiarity……………………………………………………… 92
4.1.2.4.9 The difficulty of the items……………………………………... 92
4.1.2.4.10 Productions and recognition words…………………………… 93
4.1.3 Grammar…………………………………………………...………. 93
4.1.3.1 Contextualized grammatical points in students’ daily activities… 94
4.1.3.2 Increasing level of difficulty, repeated and reinforced in
subsequent lessons……………………………………………….. 95
4.1.3.3 Involving spread of grammar in the expression applied in daily 95
life………………………………………………………………...
4.1.4 Exercises and activities………………………………...…………... 96
41.4.1 Exercises and activities should have some entertaining or fun
activities………………………………………………………….. 96
4.1.4.2 Exercises and activities should be varied and challenging ……… 98
4.1.4.3 Exercises and activities give students opportunities to practice 98
and extend their language skills………………………………….
4.1 4.4 Exercises have to balance in their format……………………….. 99
4.1.5 Language Functions……………………………………………....... 100
4.1.6 Format (Physical make-up and The Attractiveness of the Text… 103
4.1.6.1 The publication…………………………………………………... 103
4.1.6.2 Economy……..…………………………………………………... 103
4.1.6.3 Convenience……………………………………………………... 103
4.1.6.4 Illustration………………………………………………………... 104
4.1.7 An approach in designing textbook………………………………... 104
4.1.7.1.Level……………………………………………………………... 105
4.1.7.2 Organization……………………………………………………… 106
4.1.7.3 Presentation………………………………………………………. 107
4.1.8 Methodology (Methodological Guidance)………………………… 108
4.1.8.1 Teacher’s decision……………………………………………….. 109
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R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014
Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
 4.1.8.2 Objectives………………………………………………………... 111
4.1.8.3 Methodological guidance………………………………………… 113
4.2 Textbook’ features based on the Curriculum 2013 requirement…….. 116
4.2.1. Core and basic competencies……………………………………… 116
4.2.2 The learning models…………………………….. …………........... 122
4.2.2.1 Problem-Based Learning (PBL)…………………………………. 123
4.2.2.2 Project Based Learning (PjBL) ………………………………….. 124
4.2.2.3 Discovery Learning (DL)………………………………………… 125
4.2.3 Cultural content……………………………………………............. 127

Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestions…………………………………………….. 131

5.1 Conclusions………………………………………………………….. 131
5.1.1 The English textbook has fulfilled the criteria for textbook content
development……………………………………………………….. 131
5.1.2 The English textbook has fulfilled Curriculum 2013 requirement 132
5.2 Suggestions ………...……………………………………………….. 133
5.2.1 Suggestion for further research…………………..………………… 133
5.2.2 The suggestion for writers and publishers………………………… 133
5.2.3 The suggestion for teachers………….…………………………….. 135

References................................................................................................... 137
Appendix

iv
R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014
Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
 LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table 2.1 Penguin series of graded readers 24

Table 2.2 Revised estimates of vocabulary level 2 24

Table 2.3 Core Competency , Basic Competency, and Learning 35
domain in English Grade VII

Table 2.4 Domain of Attitude by Krathwohl, Bloom, and Masia 39

Table 2.5 Domain of skill by Simpson 41

Table 2.6 Domain of knowledge by Bloom 43

Table 4.1 The scale of a variety level of vocabulary 85

Table 4.2 Revised estimates of vocabulary level 2 Taken from Living 86

Word Vocabulary (LWV).

Table 4.3 Language function in teacher’s book 101

Table 4.4 Core Competency and Basic Competency in English Grade 117
VII and the realization in “When English Rings the Bell”
Taken from Teacher’s book Pages 2-5

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R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014
Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
 LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Figure 2.1 Learning steps in scientific approach 52
Figure 4.1 Student’s book, page 4 66
Figure 4.2 Student’s book, page 24 67
Figure 4.3 Student’s book, page 30 69
Figure 4.4 Student’s book, page 12 70
Figure 4.5 Student’s book, page 10 72
Figure 4.6 Student’s book, page 34 73
Figure 4.7 Student’s book, page 13 75
Figure 4.8 Student’s book, page 31 76
Figure 4.9 Student’s book, page 72 77
Figure 4.10 Student’s book, page 34 79
Figure 4.11 Student’s book, page 83 80
Figure 4.12 Student’s book, page 183 83
Figure 4.13 Student’s book, page 186 83
Figure 4.14 Student’s book, page 54 84
Figure 4.15 Student’s book, page 77 89
Figure 4.16 Student’s book, page 50 97
Figure 4.17 Student’s book, page 32 99
Figure 4.18 Student’s book, page 38 100
Figure 4.19 Student’s book, page 2 112
Figure 4.20 Student’s book, page 164 112
Figure 4.21 Teacher’s book, page 31 113
Figure 4.22 Teacher’s book, page 33 114
Figure 4.23 Teacher’s book, page 56 114
Figure 4.24 Teacher’s book, page 96-97 115
Figure 4.25 Student’s book, page 167 124
Figure 4.26 Student’s book, page 23 125
Figure 4.27 Student’s book, page 100 126
Figure 4.28 Student’s book, page 182 127
Figure 4.29 Student’s book, page 52 128
Figure 4.30 Student’s book, page 110 129
Figure 5.1 Student’s book, page 1 134
Figure 5.2 Student’s book, page 3 134

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R.R. Purnomowulan, 2014
Content analysis of an English textbook
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu