TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL........................................................................................................i

LETTER OF RETIFICATION.......................................................................ii

MOTTO............................................................................................................iii

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY...........................................................iv

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................viii

LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................xii

LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................xiv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION......................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Research..............................................................1

1.2 Research Question.............................................................................3

1.3 Purpose of the Research....................................................................3

1.4 Limitation of the Research................................................................4

1.5 Significance of the Research.............................................................4

1.6 Definition of Key Terms...................................................................4

1.6.1 Academic Writing..............................................................5

1.6.2 Challenges in Academic Writing.......................................5

1.6.3 Strategies in Academic Writing.........................................5

1.6.4 EFL Student Teacher..........................................................6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.............................7

2.1 Academic Writing.............................................................................7

2.2 Categories of Academic Writing.......................................................8

2.3 Characteristics of Academic Writing..............................................11

2.4 The Theoretical Framework............................................................14

2.5 Language Learning Strategies.........................................................16

2.6 EFL Student Academic Writing: A Review of Challenges.............17

2.6.1 Mechanics of Writing.......................................................19

2.6.2 Socio-Cultural..................................................................22

2.6.3 Psychological....................................................................23

2.7 EFL Student Academic Writing: A Review of Strategies...............25

2.7.1 Feedback...........................................................................26

2.7.2 Seeking Helps...................................................................26

2.7.3 Attending Writing Workshops.........................................26

2.8 Previous Study.................................................................................27

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY................................................................34

3.1 Research Design..............................................................................34

3.2 Research Site and Time...................................................................35

3.3 Research Participant and Sampling Procedures..............................36

3.4 Data Collection................................................................................37

3.5 Technique Data Analysis.................................................................39

3.6 Trustworthiness and Ethical Considerations...................................40

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION.............................................41

4.1 Findings...........................................................................................41

4.1.1 Profile of Participants.......................................................41

4.1.2 EFL Student Academic Writing:A Finding of Challenges48

4.1.2.1 Mechanics of Writing......................................49

4.1.2.2 Socio-Cultural..................................................65

4.1.2.3 Psychological Aspects.....................................69

4.1.2.4 Critical Thinking Skills....................................71

4.1.2.5 Unity................................................................73

4.1.2.6 Writing Literature Review...............................80

4.1.3 EFL Student Academic Writing: A Finding of Strategies 82

4.1.3.1 Metacognitive Strategies.................................82

4.1.3.2 Cognitive Strategies.........................................86

4.1.3.3 Social Strategies...............................................87

4.2 Discussion........................................................................................89

4.2.1 What are the Academic Writing Challenges.....................89

4.2.1.1 Mechanics of Writing: Lack of Grammar.......90

4.2.1.2 Socio-Cultural: Teacher’s Role.......................91

4.2.1.3 Psychological Aspects: Lack of Motivation....92

4.2.1.4 Critical Thinking Skills: Developing Idea.......93

4.2.1.5 Unity: Coherence and Cohesion......................93

4.2.1.6 Literature Review: Finding References...........94

4.2.2 How do EFL Student Teachers Overcome.......................94

4.2.2.1 Metacognitive Strategies: Technology............95

4.2.2.2 Cognitive Strategies: Brainstorm and Outline.96

4.2.2.3 Social Strategies: Peers Discuss and Support..97

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION..................................98

5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................98

5.2 Suggestions....................................................................................100

REFERENCES..............................................................................................101

APPENDICES................................................................................................106

CURRICULUM VITAE...............................................................................120

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 The Literature Review of Academic Writing Challenges....................18

Table 2 The Literature Review of Academic Writing Strategies......................25

Table 3 Aspects of Writing by Jacob et al. in Abbas (2015).............................38

Table 4 Demographic Background of Participants...........................................42

Table 5 The Finding of Academic Writing Challenges.....................................49

Table 6 The Finding of Academic Writing Strategies.......................................82

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 The Six Phase of Braun and Clarke’s Thematic Analysis..................39

 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Demographic Background Profile...............................................107

Appendix 2 Informed Consent Form...............................................................108

Appendix 3 Interview Protocol.......................................................................109

Appendix 4 Invitation Letter...........................................................................111

Appendix 5 Scoring Rubric of Student’s Ability in Academic Writing.........112

Appendix 6 Result of Students Document Analysis.......................................114

Appendix 7 Originality Report........................................................................119