Chapter * Unit 1 Tenses + Unit 2° Voice * Unit 3. Helping Verbs Chapter Test Am etd inet Snosage Wh eu ac about verb forms. Beyond just the basic verb forms, you will be tested on tenses such as See ee Ne Re will learn how passives relate to verbs with two objects or object complements. Finally, you Bee eR eee Cun na Senet et.com www.nhat 39lata Tenses 01 Simple Tense + The present, past or future simple tenses are frequently signaled by various time expressions. ) Present simple 1, Repeated action: My family goes out to dinner every Friday. 2. Fact or generalization: Gravity keeps things on the earth. 3. Timetabled future event: His fight arrives at 7 p.m, {HEI Words used for present time: every month, always, usually, all the time, etc. Ly Past simple 1, Completed action in the past: Peter studied for the test last Saturday. 2. Past fact or generalization: John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, WEED Words used for past time: yesterday, in 2000, two years ago, last night, at that time, ete ‘Future simple — will a 1. Prediction: it will be cold tomorrow. 2. Voluntary action or promise: He will bring her a git. WED Words used for future time: tomorrow, by this weekend, in Cee 1. Cindy (fix, fixed, will fix) your laptop tomorrow. 2. The teacher (gives, gave, will give) us a project last week. 3. Bats (work, worked, will work) actively at night. Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and Meaning02 Continuous Tense 1 Present continuous: am/are/is + -ing “The present continuous usually describes things that are happening now, but it can also be used with a future meaning (for example, plans fora fixed time). Are you brushing your teeth now? (now) James is moving to New York next weekend. (near future) Gi Past continuous: was/were + -ing “The past continuous is used to say that an action was in progress at a particular time in the past Cr every moment during a period of time in the past. | was doing my homework when Betsy came over. (interrupted action) Whille Tom was washing the dishes, | was drying them. (parallel actions) Ey Fature continuous: will be + -ing ‘The future continuous can be used to talk about actions that will be happening at a particular time in the future. | will be going to Tokyo next weekend. (fixed action) | will be cleaning the bedroom tonight. (decided action) kaka eee 1. My brother (was driving, is driving) to our house right now. 2. The doctor (will be performing, was performing) a surgery at 8 a.m. tomorrow. 3. James (is, was) studying English at that time. Answer Key p.181 Vert Forms 103 Perfect Tense [Ly Present perfect: have/has + p.P. erect is used to express actions that happened at an indsiite ime or that began + The present inthe past and continue in the present 1, Experience: He has never traveled by trai. "ve written ten emails since lunchtime. 2. Repetition & continuation: We have known each other since 1990. 3, Finished event: There has been a terrible earthquake in Japan. Compare: There was a terrible earthquake in Jap ths, since then, over 10 years, etc. an last month. [EIEE Words used for present perfect: for three mo Ly Past perfect: had + p.p- “The past perfect describes an action that happened in the past ‘completed in the past. \nad eaten a sandwich before he came over. Missy had done her homework before class began before another action was Future perfect: will have + pp. “Te future pertect incates that an action willbe completed inthe future, usualy Pefore some ‘other action or event. By next week, | will have met with Stephen My brother will have graduated from university by June, {EEE Words used for future peroct: by next yer, by the tne you get home, etc. os EET eek ks | 1. My neighbor (has walked, had walked) her dog every morning si | 2. By next September, my cousin (has had, will have had) her baby. 4. Paul (has lived, had lived) there for ten years when his father died ince I was young. rior Basic + Language Form and M 42 Master TOEF04 Tense: Other Points LJ Tenses with time conjunctions : We use the simple present with a future meaning after when, while, before, after, as soon as and by the time. ‘As soon as Debbie finishes writing, she will send the postcard By the time | complete this essay, it will be morning. When I sing you a song, | will sing loudly and beautiful Ly Tenses with conditionals [After if and unless, we normally use @ present tense to tak about the future. You will be happy if you start smiling, | will be sory unless | pass this exam Table of English tenses 1, Simple and perfect Pantedar tein the past Pardue inthe fre Past_|——@ —[ present }——@- Past peroct Preset prfct Future perect ‘had BP) traveinas +9) | wihave rp) Past simp Present simple Future srple 2. Continuous resent continuous ast continuous Future continuous Verb Forms 43Wrap-up* A. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1. Water at 100° Celsius. (A) boils (B) boiled (C) will boil 2, The restaurant on Sth street a moment ago. (A) closes (B) closed (©) will close 3. By next month we here for five years. (A) were (B) have been (C) will have been 4, The players the championship game right now. (A) played (B) are playing (C) will be playing 5, Se-ung. a video game when his mother called. (A) plays (B) played (C) was playing 6. Ms. Smith ‘many generations of children over the years. (A) has taught (B) teaches (©) will teach B. Underline the errors and correct them. Add words if necessary. 1, Water consisted of hydrogen and oxygen. 2. I know my English teacher since November. 3. Larrived at the shop at 5, but it already closed, 4. Ihave bought a new dress for the big party last Thursday. 5. The grocery store has opened on Christmas next week, 6. Many people is waiting when the pop star arrives later today. Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and MeaningUnit Test* Questions 1-4 refer to the following announcement. [oe Ope to the theater. The theater has allowed us to see (©) will be going (D) will have gone 1, Class, today we [(a)eet | 2. Cinderella for free. By the time we { (B) got | to the theater, you will be hungry. (©) will get | cD) are geting | agrees | 44 A restaurant beside the theater | © will agree | 16 feed all 30 students. Unfortunately, | (©) had agreed | (D) has agreed | the meal is not free. All students should bring $10 if they want to eat atthe restaurant Ls [aynecded | (B) will need ; « ed lunch. (© have needed Weise tee a (D) will be needing 4, Otherwise, you | nowor Key 9.161 Vert Forms 4501 Forming the Passive [Ly Active vs. Passive In the active voice, the object receives the action of the verb; in the passive voice, the subject receives the action of the verb. osyect Active: They built the castle. in 1700. Passive: The castie. wasbuilt (by them) —_—_in 1700. ‘SUBJECT Ey Verbs not used in the passive «= disappear have resemble happen ‘The ttle boy disappeared at sunset, NOT The little boy was disappeared... Mr. Lopez had many children. ‘Various forms of passive sentences 1. Helping verb + be + p.p. All 7th graders must be tested in English and Science, EEE Helping verbs are can, may, must, wil, et. 2. Have/has been + p.p. (perfect) ‘The concert has been delayed because of the rain. Many people have been reported missing after the flood. Be being + p.p. (continuous) The show is being held in the theater. 1. Nathan (was climbed, climbed) Mount Everest. 2. The organization (was founded, found) by Mr. Guggenheim. 3. The homeless (should help, should be helped) by the government. Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and Meaning02 Passives: Verbs with Two Objects or Object Complements L) Subject + Verb + indirect Object + Direct Object teach promise tell send 1. Indirect object as subject of passive verb Active: Mary taught my mother how to garden. Passive: My mother was taught how to garden by Mary, 2. Direct object as subject of passive verb Active: Mary taught my mother ho to garden. Passive: HOw to garden was taught to my mother by Mary. TEES For some verbs such as buy, make, bring, only the direct object becomes the subject of the passive verb. Dad made me a kite. — kite was made for me by Dad. NOT | was made a kite by Dad. ED Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement Active: We elected her 6lassipresident 5 Passive: She was elected GlaSS)BYESIGERt (by us). Active: | consider Helga télbela)good friend. Passive: Helga is considered #6168! GooU Ifiahid (oy me). SI kek ee My mother (made, were made) cookies for me. 2. Minors (are not allowed, don’t allowed) to watch that movie. 3. James (calls, is called) a genius by them. newer Key p.161 Verb Forms 47Wrap-up* ‘A. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1, The necklace the girl's mother. (A) bought (B) was bought (©) was bought by 2. My friend for vacation last Monday. (A) left (B) was left (©) was left by 3. The teachers working with their students, (A) enjoy (B) is enjoyed (C) are enjoyed 4, The store clerks to be kind to the customers. (A) asked (B) are asked (©) are asked by 5. The Old Man and the Sea by Emest Hemingway. (A) wrote (B) is written (©) was written 6. Many students at Humphrey School prizes at graduation. (A) gave (B) was given (C) were given Underline the errors and correct them. Add words if necessary. 1. The bicycle has damaged after the crash. 2. Ian promise that the package will sent next week. 3. The baseball game delayed because of the storm. 4, A new art museum is building in Boston at present. 5. Mary considers to be the best player on the soccer team. 6. John accepted to university, but he didn’t want to go. Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and MeaningUnit Test* ‘Questions 1-4 refer to the following announcement. (A) building 1. This spring, the city of Turnip e ci ce ‘anew public swimming pool. (D) willbe bul | (icebe (A) delays. +> The city has been planning to build this pool for 3 years, but the project (a) delayee | (C)is delayed. wi ed. | (D) was delayed. | [(Ayconsiders | S ae | #0 a grat ation to any city (D) has considered | 3. A public swimming pool | We are happy that we'll finally have one in Turnip! The expenses for the pool () already covered (B) has already covered | by the city, so thi for payi (©) have already been covered SA ahaa hea ada ad) (D) will have already been covered their taxes. Anwwor Key pp. 181142 Verb Forms 49Mae Helping Verbs 01 Form and Use [EJ Can/may/will/must/should + base form of a verb Sarah must walk the dog before school. NOT Sarah-must walks, My uncle can play basketball very wel Expressing mood «- Helping verbs are used to change the mood of the main verb and cannot function as main verbs. = Ability Meredith can build with blocks. (present) ‘Tommy could play chess when he was five. (past) = Permission The students can go home at 3:00. Parents may visit the school on Tuesday. = Possibility This picture may/might be valuable. You can get someone at the company to help you: = Certainty My mother will finish shopping soon. Rachel must be on vacation this week This can't be John's book because he doesn’t read. = Suggestion We should look after the environment, = Obligation _| must finish writing this paper before Friday: = Request Can/Coulld you lend me some money? Could’ is more polite and more formal than ‘can.’ nk ke 1, Students (should, could) lis 2. If you want, you (can, will) come over to my house to play. 3, Lucas (can’t, can) be late for school because he has a dentist appointment. Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and MeaningTense and Others 02 Helping Verb: ) Helping verb + have + past participle We can use the perfect after should, could/may and must to tak about past events = Regret They should not have paid for the expensive taxi = Possibility Shante could have been a pil. Jerry may have upset his parents. = Certainty The giri must have practiced very hard, i Other helping verbs 1. Have to (= obligation or necessity) ‘She has to tell Margaret the truth. EES must not vs. don't have to ‘You must net smoke here. (Prohibition) ‘You don't have to call her. (Necessity) 2. Used to (= past habit or past situation) When | was young, | used to be very short Jackson used to travel to Florida every summer. 3. Had better (= strong advice) You'd better clean your room before your Mom gets angry. 4. Would rather (= preference) Samantha would rather go to the zoo than watch a movie. Eos Sr er eked . I (should have, could have) taken your advice. 2. Steve (used to, has to) study German before he came to our school. | 3. I (have to, would rather) stay at home than go out, } ‘Arawor Key 9.162 Verb Forms 51Wrap-up* A. Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence. 1. You swim that far. The water is too deep. (A) could not (B) don't have to (C) mast not 2. Children under 4 feet ride the roller coaster. | (A) can't (B) don’t have to (©) would rather 3. Mr. Clover may ‘a new pet bunny for his children, (A) buy (B) bought (©) buying 4. You cat nutritious meals for your health (A) should (B) could (©) had to 5. Franky was late for school today. He his bus, (A) may miss (B) could have missed (©) should have missed 6. They insisted that I should with them, (A) went (B) go (©) will go B. Underline the errors and correct them. Add words if necessary. 1, You must go home early if you want to. 2. Thad can designing buildings right now. 3. You have better go and apologize to your teacher now. 4. The travel agent will giving us lots of ideas for things to do. 5. Ishouldn’t have gotten my driver’s license without lessons from my father. ». My mother uses to make chicken soup for me when I was sick. | 52 Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and MeaningUnit Test* Questions 1-4 refer to the following e-mail from a student to a teacher. Dear Miss Stanley, Lam writing to tell you about my plans next week. I have a doctor's appointment on { (A) could not schedule (B) should not schedule (©) could not have scheduled (D) should not have scheduled when had your class, but she 1. Monday. My mother (A) might (Byhavewo | (©) used to (D) would rather @wil | (B) must | call the doctor to try to move the | (C) could (D) used to 2. didn't know. Your class is my favorite. 1 attend your class than go 3. to a doctor’s appointment. My mother (A) must | (B) could (C) might | (®) should 4. appointment, Anyway, you e-mail me the homework please? ‘Thank you, Robyn ‘Answer Key p. 142 Verb Forms 53Chapter Test* Questions 1-8 refer to the following passage from a history textbook. (A) You heard (B) Do you hear (C) Have you heard (D) Do you have heard it about the Boston Massacre? The Boston Massacre was | (B) Ithas happened (©) It was happened (D) When it happened ‘one of the events that led to the war. on March Sth, 1770, (A) protesting (B) had protested (©) were protesting (D) have been protesting 3. Some colonists a number of British soldiers in Boston when a British soldier accidentally shot his gun.-As soon as the shot was fired, (A) begin (B) began (C) had begun (D) have begun 4, the British shooting at the colonists. Five colonists ended up dead. After the event, Boston newspapers called it a “massacre.” www.nhantriviet.com 54 Master TOEFL Junior Basic + Language Form and Meaninga ) ) paints \ (B)is painted | 5. The scene | , showing the British acting very unfairly. | Ohad pained | | cD) was patted (A) reacted Bi vitnout the newspapers, colonists | (©) had reacted more calmly. (©) might react | (©) might have reacted | [(A)considers |] 4. This | (B) will consider (C) is considered (D) is considering | to be an important event in American history. (A) is being (B) was being (©) had be (D) will have been started with the Boston Massacre. & Soon enough, America a country for 300 years. It all Anewer Key 182 Verb Forms 55