BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
RETAINING WALL & BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
• Basement – Floor level at least 1.2m below natural ground level
• Surrounding structures–Retaining Walls
• Conditional construction:
• Excessive space
• Site condition
• Environmental requirement
• Foundational requirement
• Structural design
B a s e m e n t Wa l l s - o f f e r
resistance to t h e s oi l a nd
ground water pressures as
well as assisting to transmit
the superstructure loads to the
foundations.
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
GENERAL PERSPECTIVE . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
• Spatial & Structural Consideration
• Thermal bridging between internal and external
environment
• Insulation to ground water entry
• Prevent Moisture of construction (inward
drying of water during construction)
• Insulation to Capillary rise through footing
• Prevent interior air condensation
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
TYPES OF BASEMENT
1. According to Material Used
2. According to design
3. According to Construction
4. According to Space Utilization
Types of Basements Construction
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
ACCORDING TO MATERIAL USED
• Reinforced Cement Concrete Construction
• Solid Cement Block Construction
• Hollow Cement Block Construction
• Precast units Construction
Types of Basements Construction
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
ACCORDING TO DESIGN
Sky light Basement
Light well Basement
Atrium Basement
Water Proofing of Basement Units
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
• Insulation of basement walls and floor from moisture penetration
• Blockage to transmission of moisture from the ground to the inside of
the building
• Identification of chronic leak or
nuisance leak around the whole
basement
WATER CAN EVEN PASS
THROUGH THE
CONCRETE!
• Proper Solution to any particular leakage problem is most.
• Solution should match the criteria of: Context/environment,
availability of material, finance, workability factor, workmanship etc.
Water Proofing of Basement Units
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
• Interior insulati on m os t c o m m o n , l e a s t
expensive, has moisture problems.
• Exterior insulation best location from physics perspective, has practical
problems with protection, thermal bridging and insects.
• Insulation in middle is most expensive approach, has fewest moisture and
insect problems, but is the most difficult to construct.
• Insulation on both sides has similar problems to the exterior insulation
approach with the additional cost of the interior layer.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
BASEMENT WATER PROOFING OF METHODS
1. Monolithic Structures
2. Drained Cavaties
3. Membranes
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MONOLOTHIC STRUCTURES
• Dense Reinforced concrete Construction
• Impervious aggregates for the walls and floor
• Uniform barrier to water penetration
• Care must be given during
Formwork construction, Mixing,
Laying and curing of concrete.
• Construction joints at regular
intervals to avoid shrinkage &
Cracks
Joints should provide continuity of reinforcement and by the
incorporation of a PVC or rubber water bar, a barrier toe the passage of
water
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MONOLOTHIC STRUCTURES
• Monolothic structures, even providing an adequate barrier toe the
passage of water, are not always vapour proof
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
DRAINED CAVITIES
• Composed of Load bearing & non
Load bearing wall with cavity in
between
• Provides an excellent barrier to
moisture penetration
• Internal wall - built of a floor
covering of special precast concrete
tiles
• The precast tiles allows the moisture, from the cavity, to flow away
under the tiles to a sump
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
DRAINED CAVITIES
Drain Channel
(Internal Gutter)
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MEMBRANES
• Relatively thin material placed either
on the external or internal face of a
basement wall or floor
• Provide the resistance to the passage
of moisture
Membrane applied externally
protection is given to the structural
elements too and the hydrostatic
pressure will keep it firmly in place
• For application – reasonable working space must be allowed around
the perimeter of the basement
• Thus, requires additional excavation and protection.
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MEMBRANES
Externally Applied Membrane
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MEMBRANES
• Internally applied membrane gives no
protection to the structural elements
• Chances of member getting ruptured away
by water pressure
• Advantage of easy maintenance
Suitable materials which can be used for forming membranes are
bituminous felt, polyethene sheeting, polyisobutylene plastic, epoxy
resin compounds, bituminous compounds and mastic asphalts.
Water Proofing of Methods
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
MEMBRANES
Internally applied membrane
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
TANKING & JOINTS OF BASEMENT
STRUCTURE
1. External Tanking
2. Internal Tanking
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
STRUCTURAL JOINTS
Shrinkage Joints Construction Joints
• Joints are to be secured from bulging & shrinkage during construction
• Special Rubber or PVC Water bars are used to tie the cast–in-situ/
Precast components with the final infill material.
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
TANKING – Mastic Asphalt
• Asphalting is a Water proofing
technique in the construction industry
and the type of asphalt applied to
building structures is known as Mastic
Asphalt.
• Tanking – process of covering any
structure all around
• Tanking with mastic asphalt is a
method of protecting areas below
ground level against the penetration of
ground or subsoil water .
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
TANKING – Mastic Asphalt
ExternalTanking ExternalTanking with
internal Lining
INTRODUCTION BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
TANKING – Mastic Asphalt
Internal Tanking ExternalTanking
TOPICS for RESEARCH BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
1. Principles of Basement Construction
2. Treatment to Basement in Damp Soil
3. Probable materials for Damp proofing
4. Construction of Horizontal Floors & Vertical Walls
in Basement
5. Basement Drain System
6. Regular Maintenance
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - II
Thank You
