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Cause and effect
For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer.

1. I love living in Australia the weather.

a. because
b. since
c. as
d. because of

2. The increase in the number of cars on the road has resulted more and
more traffic jams.
a. in
b. to
c. at
d. for

3. “He got to work really, really late ‘cos he missed his train”. Which cause and effect
word is ‘cos short for?
a. due to
b. because
c. as
d. since

4. Keith lost his job due cutbacks in the department.

a. for
b. at
c. to
d. by

5. The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been global

warming.
a. put up with
b. put down to
c. set down to
d. put to

6. Which one is NOT correct? “He didn’t turn up for the exam. , he failed
the course.”
a. As a result
b. Consequently
c. As a consequence
d. As a reason

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Cause and effect
Answers

1:
a. Use ‘because’ + subject and verb e.g. I love England because it rains all the time.
b. Use ‘since + subject and verb e.g. I love England since it rains all the time.
c. Use ‘as + subject and verb e.g. I love England as it rains all the time.
d. Correct - Use ‘because of’ + noun e.g. I hate England because of the rain.

2:
a. Correct - You can express a cause and effect with ‘result in’ e.g. X results in
(causes)
b. ‘Result to’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X results to Y.
c. ‘Result at’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X results at Y.
d. ‘Result for’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X results for Y.

3:
a. ‘Cos is not short for ‘due to’
b. Correct - ‘Cos is short for ‘because’ and is often used when speaking.
c. ‘Cos is not short for ‘as’
d. ‘Cos is not short for ‘since’

4:
a. ‘Due for’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X happened ‘due for’ Y.
b. ‘Due at’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X happened ‘due at’ Y.
c. Correct - You can say something happened because of something – or ‘due
to’ something.
d. ‘Due by’ is not correct i.e. you cannot say X happened ‘due by’ Y.

5:
a. If you put up with something, you tolerate it e.g. I couldn’t put up with the noise any
longer.
b. Correct - Use ‘put something down to’ to explain a reason for something e.g. She
put her headache down to the stress she was under.
c. This is not correct.
d. This is not correct.

6:
a. ‘As a result’ is used to introduce a result and consequence.
b. ‘Consequently’ is used to introduce a result and consequence.
c. ‘As a consequence’ is used to introduce a result and consequence.
d. Correct - ‘As a reason’ is used to introduce a reason why something happened
– not what happened as a result.
I will follow you …. You go.
a. because
b. but
c. although
d. wherever
e. case
Answer: d

2. …. I was walking on the street, the accident happened.

a. While
b. When
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c. Whereas
d. Unless
e. Otherwise
Answer: a

3. I can’t go further …. the street congestion.

a. because
b. because of
c. although
d. otherwise
e. whereas
Answer: b

4. Rita still got the bad mark…. she learns hard.

a. although
b. because
c. but
d. and
e. whenever
Answer: a

5. The electricity will be cut down …. Jaka pays his bill.

a. whereas
b. because
c. although
d. unless
e. and
Answer: d

6. She has decided to move to Portland …. there are more opportunities for employment in that city.
a. because
b. wherever
c. if
d. as long as
e. whenever
Answer: a

7. You can borrow my car …. you agree to be very careful with it.
a. because
b. wherever
c. whenever
d. if
e. as long as
Answer: e

8. They’ll have a good com harvest this year …. It rains a lot and prevents them from harvesting their
crops.
a. unless
b. whereas
c. but
d. if
e. so
Answer: a

9. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun …. she can protect herself from intruders who break into her
apartment.
a. so that
b. due to
c. because
d. go
e. over
Answer: a

10. …. he can save a lot of money by taking the bus, Russ still drivers his car into the city every day.
a. Although
b. So
c. So that
d. Mark
e. And
Answer: a

11. Dessert are harsh and dry …. many plants grow there.
a. for
b. so
c. yet
d. or
e. and
Answer: d
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12. Pat looked at the antique rocker, …. she couldn’t afford to buy it.
a. and
b. but
c. or
d. although
e. wherever
Answer: b

13. Constance might go to the library, …. she might stay home.

a. but
b. yet
c. for
d. so
e. and
Answer: d

14. Sue jogs every day, …. she wants to stay in shape.

a. but
b. yet
c. for
d. so
e. and
Answer: c

15. His shoes are worn, …. he has no socks.

a. for
b. so
c. or
d. and
e. nor
Answer: a

16. My mother…. I went to the market for shopping.

a. or
b. neither
c. either
d. and
e. to
Answer: d

17. Thomas was not telling the truth …. he was shouting at me.
a. provider
b. moreover
c. although
d. in order to
e. towards
Answer: c

18. Please come on time, …. We may miss the flight.

a. otherwise
b. therefore
c. so
d. but
Answer: a

19. We should avoid oily food …. be healthy.

a. finally
b. in order to
c. consequently
d. for
e. always
Answer: b

20. I will give you my car…. you come back before 5’o clock.
a. as long as
b. because
c. although
d. provide
e. proven
Answer: a

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