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Contents
1. General 2
3. C1 and C2 factors 4
4. References 12
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Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
1. General
For doubly symmetric cross-sections, the elastic critical moment Mcr may be calculated by the
method given in paragraph 2.
For cases not covered by the method given in paragraph 2, the elastic critical moment may be
determined by a buckling analysis of the beam provided that the calculation accounts for all
the parameters liable to affect the value of Mcr :
http://www.cticm.com
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⎧
(kL )2 GI t + (C z )2 − C z ⎫⎪
2
π 2 EI z ⎪ ⎛ k ⎞ I w
M cr = C1 ⎜
⎨ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ + 2 g⎬ (1)
(kL )2 ⎪⎩ ⎝ k w ⎠ I z π 2 EI z 2 g
⎪⎭
where
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
zg is the distance between the point of load application and the shear centre.
Note : for doubly symmetric sections, the shear centre coincides with the centroid.
C1 and C2 are coefficients depending on the loading and end restraint conditions (see §3).
The factor k refers to end rotation on plan. It is analogous to the ratio of the buckling length to
the system length for a compression member. k should be taken as not less than 1,0 unless less
than 1,0 can be justified.
The factor kw refers to end warping. Unless special provision for warping fixity is made, kw
should be taken as 1,0.
In the general case zg is positive for loads acting towards the shear centre from their point of
application (Figure 2.1).
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S S
zg > 0 zg < 0
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
In the common case of normal support conditions at the ends (fork supports), k and kw are
taken equal to 1.
π 2 EI z ⎧⎪ I w ⎫⎪
+ (C2 zg ) − C2 zg ⎬
L2GI t
M cr = C1 +
2
⎨ (2)
L2 ⎪⎩ I z π EI z
2
⎪⎭
When the bending moment diagram is linear along a segment of a member delimited by
lateral restraints, or when the transverse load is applied in the shear centre, C2 zg = 0. The
latter expression should be simplified as follows :
π 2 EI z I w L2GI t
M cr = C1 + (3)
L2 I z π 2 EI z
For doubly symmetric I-profiles, the warping constant Iw may be calculated as follows :
I (h − t f )
2
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Iw = z (4)
4
where
3. C1 and C2 factors
3.1 General
The C1 and C2 factors depend on various parameters :
• section properties,
• support conditions,
• moment diagram
EI w
κ= (5)
GI t L2
The values given in this document have been calculated with the assumption that κ = 0. This
assumption leads to conservative values of C1.
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
M
ψM
-1 ≤ ψ ≤ +1
ψ C1
+1,00 1,00
+0,75 1,14
+0,50 1,31
+0,25 1,52
0,00 1,77
-0,25 2,05
-0,50 2,33
-0,75 2,57
-1,00 2,55
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
Table 3.2 Values of factors C1 and C2 for cases with transverse loading (for k = 1)
1,127 0,454
2,578 1,554
1,348 0,630
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1,683 1,645
Note : the critical moment Mcr is calculated for the section with the maximal moment along the member
ψ is the ratio of end moments. By definition, M is the maximum end moment, and so :
μ
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
is the ratio of the moment due to transverse load to the maximum end moment M
qL2
Case a) μ =
8M
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
FL
Case b) μ =
4M
μ>0 if M and the transverse load (q or F), each supposed acting alone, bend the
beam in the same direction (e.g. as shown in the figure below)
μ<0 otherwise
q
M ψM M F
ψM
L L
(a) (b)
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
3.0
C1
2.5
2.0
1.5
1
1.2 1,2
1,5
2
1.1 2
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1.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
M
ψM
ψ M
ψM
μ>0
5.0
-1,1
C1 -1
4.5
-0,9
4.0 -0,8
-0,7
3.5
-0,6
3.0
-0,5
-0,4
2.5
-0,3 -1,2
-1,3
-0,2
-1,4
2.0 -0,1 -1,5
μ
0 -1,6
-1,7
1.5 -1,8
-2
1.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
M
ψ
ψM
M ψM
μ<0
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
0.5
C2
0.4
μ
2
1,5
0.3 1,2
0,9 1
0,7 0,8
0,6
0,5
0.2
0,4
0,3
0,2
0.1
0,1
0.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ψM
ψ
ψM
M
M
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μ>0
2.5
C2 -1,2
2.0 -1,1
μ -1
-1,3
1.5
-0,9 -1,5
-1,2 -1,7
-1,4
-0,8 -1,6
-1,8
1.0
-1,9
-2 -0,7
-0,6
0.5 -0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
M ψ
ψM
M ψM
μ<0
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
3.0
C1
2.5
2.0
1.5
0,8
1.3
2
1,5
0,9
1,2 2
1.2 1
1
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1.1
C
0,2
0,1
1.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ψM ψ ψM
M
M
μ>0
4.0
C1
3.5 -1,2
μ
-1,1
-1
-0,9
-0,8
3.0
-0,7
-0,6
-0,5
2.5
-0,4 -1,3
-0,3 -1,4
-0,2 -1,5
0 -1,7
-1,8
-2
1.5
1.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ψ
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
M M ψM
ψM
μ<0
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
0.5
C2
μ
2
0.4
1,5
1,2
1
0,9
0.3 0,8
0,7
0,6
0,5
0.2
0,4
0,3
0,2
0.1
0,1
0.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ψM
ψ ψM
M
M
μ>0
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2.5
C2
2.0
μ -1,2
-1,4
-1,6
-1,3 -1,8
-1,5
-1,7
1.5
-2 -1,1
-1
1.0 -0,9
-0,8
-0,7
0.5 -0,6
-0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0.0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
M
ψ M ψM
ψM
μ<0
Created on Wednesday, January 23, 2008
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
4. References
1 ENV 1993-1-1
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures – Part 1.1 : General rules and rules for buildings.
European Committee for Standardisation.
3 Djalaly, H.
Calcul de la résistance ultime au déversement dans le cas de la flexion déviée. Revue
Construction Métallique n°3-1974. CTICM.
4 Galéa, Y.
Déversement élastique d’une poutre à section bi-symétrique soumise à des moments d’extrémité
et une charge repartee ou concentrée. Revue Construction Métallique n°2-2002. CTICM.
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NCCI: Elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buckling
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