Criminal Proceeding – the accused has the right to be heard by himself and counsel,

mean proceedings before the trial court from arraignment to rendition of judgement

An arraignment is the first step in a criminal proceeding where the defendant is

brought in front of the court to hear the charges against them and enter a plea.

Rendition of a judgment or decree is the judicial act of a court in pronouncing its

decision

ARTICLE III.—BILL OF RIGHTS

SECTION 1.

(17) In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall be presumed to be innocent until the contrary
is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the
witnesses face to face and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses
in his behalf.

Civil action – is one by which a party sues another for the enforcement or protection of a right,
or the prevention or redress of a wrong.

Criminal action – is one by which the State prosecutes a person for an act or omission
punishable by law

Special proceeding – a remedy by which a party seeks to establish a status, a right, or a

particular fact

Crime – act committed in violation of a public law.

Public law applies to the relationship between an individual and the government.
Examples of public law include constitutional law, criminal law, and international law.
Constitutional law is the body of laws that sets out the basic rights of citizens and regulates the
relationship between the government and its people.

Offense – act committed in violation of a special law.

Infraction – act committed in violation of an ordinance.

Ordinances in most countries are local level laws passed by municipalities and are applicable
within the city limits only. Examples of ordinances would be those related to noise, snow
removal, pet restrictions, and building and zoning regulations, to name a few.

Felony – act and omissions punishable revised penal code.

 the basic law that defines criminal offenses and provides the penalties for the
commission of those offenses.
The Revised Penal Code criminalizes a whole class of acts that are generally accepted as
criminal, such as the taking of a life whether through murder or homicide, rape, robbery and
theft, and treason.