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Sistema Inmune V2.0
Sistema Inmune V2.0
3 µm
• La inmunidad adquirida, o adaptativa, se
desarrolla después de la exposición a agentes
externos tales como microbios, toxinas u otras
sustancias extrañas para el organismo
• Involucra una respuesta muy específica contra los
patógenos
• El reconocimiento es por células blancas de la
sangre denominadas linfocitos
• Algunos linfocitos producen anticuerpos; otros
destruyen células infectadas, cancerosas, o tejido
foráneo
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
LE 43-2
Microbes
Pseudopodia
PHAGOCYTIC CELL
Vacuole
Lysosome
containing
enzymes
• Los macrófagos, un tipo de fagocitos, migran a
través del cuerpo y se alojan en órganos del
sistema linfático
• El sistema linfático es parte integral del sistema
inmune
Tonsil
Blood
Lymph capillary
nodes
Appendix
Lymphatic
vessels Lymph Masses of
node lymphocytes and
macrophages
Proteínas Antimicrobianas
Macrophage
Blood
Chemical signals
clotting
Phagocytic cells elements
Capillary Phagocytosis
Antigen-
binding Epitopes
sites (antigenic
Antibody A determinants)
Antigen
Antibody B
Antibody C
Reconocimiento del Antígeno por los Linfocitos
Antigen- Antigen-
Antigen- binding
binding binding site
site
site
Disulfide
bridge
Light Variable regions
chain V V
C C Constant regions C C
Transmembrane
region
Plasma
membrane chain b chain
Heavy chains
Disulfide bridge
B cell Cytoplasm of B cell Cytoplasm of T cell T cell
A B cell receptor consists of two identical heavy A T cell receptor consists of one
chains and two identical light chains linked by chain and one b chain linked by a
several disulfide bridges. disulfide bridge.
Receptores Antigénicos de Linfocitos T y el rol de
MHC
V V
C C
Antigen
fragment Antigen
fragment
T cell
T cell
receptor
receptor
Thymus
Lymphoid
stem cell
B cell
T cell
pre-mRNA V3 J5 Intron C
Translation
Variable Constant
region region B cell
Ensayo y Eliminación de Linfocitos Autoreactivos
B cells that
differ in
antigen
specificity Antigen
receptor
Antibody
molecules
104
Antibody concentration
103
(arbitrary units)
Antibodies
to A
102 Antibodies
to B
101
100
0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56
Time (days)
La Inmunidad Humoral y la Mediada por Células
proveen defensas contra diferentes tipos de amenazas
Secreted
cytokines
B cells activate Cytotoxic
Helper
T cell T cell
Secrete antibodies that defend against Defend against infected cells, cancer
pathogens and toxins in extracellular fluid cells, and transplanted tissues
Células T Helper
Peptide antigen
Dendritic Cytotoxic T cell
cell Class II MHC Helper T cell Cell-mediated
molecule immunity
Bacterium (attack on
TCR
infected cells)
Humoral
CD4 immunity
Dendritic (secretion of
cell Cytokines B cell antibodies by
plasma cells)
Células T Citotóxicas: Respuesta a Células
Infectadas y Células Cancerosas
Released
Cytotoxic T cell cytotoxic
T cell
Perforin
Cancer
Granzymes cell
Target Peptide
cell antigen Cytotoxic
T cell
Células B: Respuesta a Patógenos Extracelulares
Macrophage Bacterium
Peptide
antigen
B cell
Class II MHC
molecule Secreted antibody
Clone of plasma cells molecules
TCR CD4 + Endoplasmic
reticulum of
plasma cell
Cytokines
Helper T cell
Activated
helper T cell
Clone of memory
B cells
Clases de Anticuerpos
IgM
(pentamer) First lg class produced after initial exposure to antigen; then its
concentration in the blood declines
IgG
(monomer) Most abundant lg class in blood; also present in tissue fluids
IgA Present in secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk
(dimer)
Provides localized defense of mucous membranes by
agglutination and neutralization of antigens (see Figure 43.19)
J chain
Presence in breast milk confers passive immunity on nursing
infant
Secretory
component
LE 43-18d
IgE
(monomer) Triggers release from mast cells and basophils of histamine and
other chemicals that cause allergic reactions (see Figure 43.20)
LE 43-18e
IgD
(monomer) Present primarily on surface of naive B cells that have not been
exposed to antigens
Viral neutralization
(blocks binding to host Agglutination of Activation of complement system
Precipitation of
and opsonization increases antigen-bearing particles, and pore formation
soluble antigens
phagocytosis) such as microbes
Complement
Virus Bacteria
proteins MAC
Enhances Leads to
Macrophage
Inmunización Activa y Pasiva
IgE
Histamine
Allergen
Granule
Mast cell
Enfermedades Autoinmunes