Ass. Pro. Dr. Rdhwan S.

Salih Soran University/ Business Management Department Business Law

Second Year/ First Semester 18 &25/10/2022

The Essay or Report Writing Process

• Topic or Title
• Collecting Sources and Information Regarding to Appointed Topic & Quick Reading
• Outline (Plan)
• Introduction
• Body
• Conclusion

Topic or Title:
1. Avoiding general and complicated subject (topic).
2. Researcher must choose a topic that has enough sources for relying on them and to support
your study.
3. When choosing a topic, researcher (you) must be selfish and focus on what interests you
4. Topic should be clear and understandable.

Collecting Sources and Information Regarding to Appointed Topic & Quick Reading:
1. Sources should be academic and reliable.
2. Sources should be recent, up to date and contain new knowledge, written on/or in relation
to your topic. In general, you should not use information that is more than five to seven
years old, unless you are writing about a historical topic.
3. Avoid using Wikipedia - it is not recognised as a reliable academic source of information.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
However, it can be a great starting point for finding sources. Look at the reference at the
bottom.
4. Using official websites as much as possible.
http://www.krg.org
http://www.kurdistan-parliament.org

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Ass. Pro. Dr. Rdhwan S. Salih Soran University/ Business Management Department Business Law
Second Year/ First Semester 18 &25/10/2022

5. Using Google Scholar instead of Google Search for finding academic sources.
it is advisable that you use google scholar due to the academic quality of its content.
http://scholar.google.com
6. When you find information, you think you might want to use, write down the information
of its sources.

Outline (Plan):
• The outline is an essential element and the most important stage …
• It is the design of your writing.
• The purpose of the outline is …

1. Introduction
2. ..
3. .. Body
4. ..
5. Conclusion

Introduction:
1. Introductory Statements (Background):
Background is the first paragraph in the introduction which presents the reader the topic of
the writing or simply introduces the topic.

2. Thesis Statements:
Single (or two) sentence(s) that tells the readers, what your overall point or argument is, and
briefly, what your main body paragraphs will be about.

Example:
For the last fifty years, poor countries have been receiving huge sums of money from rich
donor countries. Some of this money has improved lives, while much of it has disappeared or
made no difference. This essay will discuss some argument for and against foreign aid.

Body:
The body of the writing is where all the real work is done.

There are two main techniques for borrowing and using information from sources (or you can
use when you want to include other authors’ ideas, words, and data in your writing) which are:

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 Ass. Pro. Dr. Rdhwan S. Salih Soran University/ Business Management Department Business Law
Second Year/ First Semester 18 &25/10/2022

1. Direct Borrowing and Using Information from Sources (Quotations):

1.1 Short Quotations:
1.2 Large Quotations:
2. Indirect Borrowing and Using Information from Sources:
2.1 Paraphrasing
2.2 Summarising

Conclusion:
I. Restate your topic
II. Restate your thesis statement
III. Summary of the main points

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