Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Part – I Union & Its Territories

Art .1 India i.e. Bharat as a “Union Of States”
Art. 3 Parliament may be law amending it to Alter , Merge, Create a New State, Can
Change the name of State or a city.
Part – II Article 5 – 11 Subject :-
Citizenship :-
1. By Birth
2. By Descent
3. Naturalization
4. Registration
5. Incorporation of territory.

Part – III Fundamental Rights State :-

Article – 12 1. Union Government
2. State Government
3. Union & State Legislature
4. All local & Other Authorities
Any Organization having Sovereign Functions
Article – 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights
Any law made after F.R’s Come in Any Law existed before F.R’s came
Existence should not Curtail its into existence shall be declared void
essence. if inconsistent with the provisions of
F.R’s

Right of Article – 14 Equality Before Law

Equality (For Everyone) State Shall not deny any person equality before the law or equal protection of
Art – 14 to 18 law, within the territory of India.
Article – 15 State shall not discriminate against Any citizen on grounds only of Religion,
(For Citizens only) Race, Caste, Sex, and Place of Birth. But State Can Make any Special Provisions
for Women, Children or any Socially and Economically background Classes.
Part – III Article 16 Guarantees Equality of Opportunities Employment for all. (Indira Sawhney’s
(For Citizens only) Case) – Reservation in Government Employment.

Article – 17 Abolition of Untouchability.

Article – 18 Abolition of Titles

Right to Article – 19 Freedom of Speech and Expression

freedom(A19 (For Citizens) Speech Assembly Formations Move Reside Start &
– 22) &Expression Peacefully of Freely & Settle Start
and Associations throughout Settle on
Without and Unions – Country Occupation
arms

Article – 20 Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences.

(For Citizens & 20(1)Ex-post facto law 20(2)Double Jeopardy 20(3)Self Incrimination
Foreigners)

Article – 21 Right to life

(For every one) Maneka Gandhi case S.C. hold that a law made by the state which seeks to
deprive a person of his personal Liberty, shall be invalid.

Article – 21(A) Right to Education as a F.R. Amendment by 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
(6-14years)
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 Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Article – 22 No Person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without Being

(For Everyone) informed of grounds of Such arrest
Right Against Article – 23 Right against exploitation
Exploitation (For Everyone) Traffic in Human beings and Beggar/ Forced Labor prohibited.
(A – 24/23)
Article – 24 (For Prohibition of employment of children under 14 years of age in Factories etc.
Everyone )
Right of Article – 25 (For All Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practice and Propagation of
Freedom of Persons) religion
Religion (A –
25 to 28)
Article – 26 Freedom to manage religious Affairs
(For All Persons)
Article – 27 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
(For All Persons)
Article – 28 Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
(For All Persons) Freedom as to attendance at religious worship in certain educational
institutions.
Cultural And Article – 29 Protection of Interest of Minorities
Educational (For All Persons)
Rights (A – 29
to 30)
Article – 30 Right of Minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
(For Citizens)
Article – 32 Heart and Right to Constitutional Remedies
Soul of I.C by Ambedkar. Habeas Mandamus Prohibition Certiorari Quo –
(Before Supreme Court Corpus Warranto
of India)
Habeas Corpus Call upon a person who has detained another to produce the latter before the
court. In order to let the court know on what ground he has been confirmed
and to let him free if there is no legal justification. “To have the Body or
Produce the body”.
Against Mandamus Literally means “TO COMMAND”. It commands the persons to whom it is
Judicial and (Cannot be granted addressed to perform some public or quasi public legal duty which has refused
administrative against the president or to perform.
authorities Governor of state)
Prohibition Issued by S.C. or H.C. to inferior Court for bidding the latter to continue the
proceeding which one is excess of its power. “TO PROHIBIT OR STOP”
Certiorari Issued to quash order or decision of court or tribunal. “TO QUASH”
Quo – Warranto Where Court enquires into the legality of the claim. Literally means “WHAT IS
YOUR AUTHORITY”
Part – IV Articles Subject : Directive principles of State policy
Article – 39 Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state.
Article – 39A Equality – Equal Justice and free legal aid
Added by
(42nd Amendment)
Article – 39A DPSP Added under 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
Article – 41 Right to work, To education and to public assistance in certain cases.
Article – 42 Provisions for just and Humane conditions of work and Maturity Relief
Article – 43A Participation of workers in management of industries
3 DPSP Added under 42nd Amendment, Act 1976{39-A, 43-A & 48-A}
Article – 44 (only Uniform civil code for citizens.
Applicable in Goa)
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 Important Articles of Indian Constitution
Article – 45 Provisions of early childhood care and education to children between the age
of 6-14 years.( Amended by 86th Amendment act 2002)
Article – 48 Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Article – 48A Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and
wild life.
Article – 49 Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
Article – 50 Separation of judiciary from executive.
Article – 51 Promotion of International peace and Security.
Part – IV A Article – 51A Fundamental Duties :-
nd
(Added in 42 Fundamental duties are 11 in number under this Article, it is the duty of every
A.Act)Recommendations citizen of India –
by Swaran Singh
Committee.
1. To article by the Constitution, Respects its ideals, institutions National Flag
and National Flag and National Anthem.
2. To cherish & Flow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for
freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To promote Harmony and Spirit of Common brotherhood.
5. To defend the country.
6. To value and preserve rich heritage.
7. To protect & improve natural environment
8. To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry
9. To safeguard public property
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres
11. Added by 86th Amendment – Guardian’s duty - To provide opportunities
for education to his child on world b/w the age of 6 – 14 years
Part – V Articles The Union
Article – 52 President of India {Tenure of President – 5years. Can be re – elected}
Article – 53 Execution power of union head of armed forces.
Article – 54/55 Election of President/ Procedure
(Electoral College for He is indirectly elected by an electoral college in accordance with a system of
President Consists of) proportional representation by means of single transferable vote.

Elected members of
both houses of
Parliament
Elected members of the
legislative assemblies of
the states
Elected members of the
legislative Assemblies of
UT’s of Delhi and
Pondicherry
Article – 61 Impeachment of President either house may prefer the change of Violation of
the Constitution by president
If Such resolution is passed by 2/3rd of total membership, president shall be
removed.
Article – 63 The Vice President of India
Article – 64 The Vice – President to be ex – officio chairman of the council of States.
Present chairman of R.S
– Venkaiah Naidu
Article – 72 Power of President to grant pardons etc. and to suspend, Remission or
commute sentences in certain cases including Court Martial.
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 Important Articles of Indian Constitution

Article – 74 Council of ministers of Aid and Advice president

Article – 76 Attorney General of India.{K.K.Venugopal}Highest Law Officer of India.
Article – 79 Constitution of Parliament
Article – 80 Composition of council of states (Rajya Sabha)
Article – 81 Composition of House of People (Lok Sabha)
Article – 93 Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha
Article – 105 Powers, Privileges etc of houses of Parliament and other members of
committee.
Article – 106 Salaries and Allowances of Members.
Article – 108 Joint Sitting of Parliament
Article – 110 Money Bill
Article – 111 President by His / Her assent makes a bill into a law.
Article – 112 Annual Financial Statement (Budget)
Article – 114 Appropriate Bills
Article – 123 Power of president to promulgate ordinances during recess of Parliament.
Union Judiciary
Article – 124 Establishment and Constitution of S.C.
Article – 129 Supreme Court to be Court of record
Article – 131 Original Jurisdiction of S.C. Supreme Court has jurisdiction in any disputes b/w
(when dispute involves ➢ Government of India and one or more states or b/w govt. of India and any
any question whether of state or states on one side and one or more other states on other side b/w
law or fact) 2 or more states.
Article – 132 Appellate jurisdiction
An Appeal shall lie to Supreme Court from any judgment, degree or final order
of a High Court in the territory of India, Whether in Civil or Criminal
Proceedings.
Article – 134 A Certified for Appeal to the S.C. any High Court passing or making a judgment,
decree, final order or Sentence, May if , it deem fit so to do on its own motion
and shall if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the party aggrieved.
Article – 136 Special leave petition by S.C.
Article – 137 Review of Judgments or orders by the S.C.
Article – 143{Advisory Power of president of Consult S.C – If at any time it appears to the president
Jurisdiction} that a question of law or fact has arise on – he may refer to S.C.
Article - 148 Comptroller and Auditor – General of India (CAG).{ Rajiv Mehrishi}
Duties :- (Article 149)
Appointed by president Shall perform such duties & Exercises such powers in relations to accounts of
the Union & States and of any other authority.
Oath before the
president
Salaries fixed by
parliament
Article – 151 Audit – Report
The report shall be submitted to the president if accounts are related to union
and Governor if accounts are related to state.
Part – VI Articles The states

Article – 153 Governor of State

(Appointed by the (Work at the Pleasure of President)
president)
Article – 157 Qualifications – No Person shall be eligible for appointment as governor unless
(Makes oath before he is a citizen of India and has completed 35 years of age.

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 Important Articles of Indian Constitution
chief justice of High
Court)
Article – 161 Power of governor to Suspend, Remit & Commute sentences in certain cases
Article – 165 Advocate General of State {Highest law officer of State}
Article – 168 Constitution of Legislatures in States – consists of governor and 1 house. i.e.
legislative Assembly.
➢ Some States have 2 houses. 2nd House is called legislative Council. These are
Andhra Pradesh, U.P., Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana.{Recently
abolished J&K which was created in 1957.
Article – 169 Abolition or Creation of Legislative council in states by Parliament.
Article – 200 Assent to bills by Governor
Article – 202 Annual Financial Statement/Budget of a State
Article – 213 Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances during recess of legislature
Article – 214 High courts for States
(Constitution of High Shall Consist of a chief justice and such other judges as president may from
Court) time to time deem necessary to appoint.
Article – 215 High Court to be court of Record
Article – 217 Before President
(Resignation in writing)
Qualifications Citizens of India, has for at least 10 years held as judicial officer, has at least 10
years been advocate of High Court
Article – 219 Oath before Governor
Article – 226 (power of Writs in nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto, and
High Court to issue Certiorari or any other Legal right.
writes)
Article – 233 D.J in any state shall be made by the governor of state with consultation of
(Appointment of District High Court exercising jurisdiction in Such State.
Judges)

Article – 280 Appointed by President Every 5th Year{14th F.C chairman- Y.V.Reddy & 15th F.C
(Finance Commission) Chairman- N.K.Singh
Article – 300A Right to Property is a civil & Legal Right
Part – XIV Article – 323A Administrative Tribunals
Article – 324 Election commission of India.
Article – 326 Universal Adult Suffrage i.e. Right to Vote
Earlier Voting age was 21 but 61st Amendment Act, 1988. It is 18
Article – 343 Official Language of the union – Hindi in Devnagri Script
Part – XVIII Articles Emergency Provisions
Article – 352 National Emergency
Declared Three Times in India in 1962, 1971 & 1975
Article – 356 State Emergency
Declared 115 Times in India{Max. in U.P with 10 Times}
Article – 360 Financial Emergency
(Not Declared Yet)
Article – 368 Power of parliament to amend the constitution and procedure therefore.
Article – 370 Special Status to J&K..

SCHEDULES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION- 12

1. States & U.T’s

2. Salary & Emoluments of President, Governor, Speaker & Deputy Speaker, Chairman & Deputy Chairman,
Judges of S.C & H.C, AG, CAG.
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 Important Articles of Indian Constitution
3. Oaths & Affirmations of members of Legislatures, Ministers & judges.
4. Distribution Or Allocation of Seats in Rajya sabha for the U.T’s and States.
5. Provisions as to the Administration & Control of Schedule Areas & Schedule Tribes.
6. Provisions as to the Adm. of Tribal areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura & Mizoram.

7. Division of Subjects b/w Union & States. 3 LISTS-

UNION LIST
STATE LIST
CONCURRENT LIST
8. 22 Languages recognized by Constitution. Recently added by 92nd Amendment Act, 2003 are BODO,
DOGRI, MAITHILI & SANTHALI.
9. Validation of certain Acts & regulations and is NOT subject to Judicial Scrutiny. It was added by Ist
Amendment Act, 1951.
10. Anti Defection Law.
11. Functions of PANCHAYATI RAJ. { 73rd Amendment Act, 1992}
12. Functions of MUNICIPALITIES. {74th Amendment Act, 1992}

CHAIRMAN OF IMP. COMMISSIONS-

1. National Commission for Women- Rekha Sharma.

2. N.C for Scheduled Castes- Ram Shankar Katheria.
3. N.C for Scheduled Tribes- Rameshwaram Oraon.
4. N.C for Backward Classes- Bhagwan lal Sahni.
5. National Human Rights Commission- H.L.Dattu.
6. Chief Information Commissioner- Bimal Julka.
7. Chief Election Commissioner- Sunil Arora. Election Commissioners- Ashok Lavasa & Sushil Chandra.
8. 7th Pay Commission- Justice Ashok Kumar Mathur.
9. 21st Law Commission- Justice Balbir Singh Chauhan.
10. National Commission for Minorities- Syed Ghayorul Hasan Rizvi.
11. 15th Finance Commission- N.K.Singh.
12. First Lokpal of India- Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose.
13. Longest Serving speaker of Lok sabha- Balram Jakhar.
14. Longest Serving CJI- Y.V. Chandrachud.
15. Only President who won as an Independent Candidate- V.V.Giri
16. Only President who was elected Unopposed- Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy.
17. Present President Kovind is 14th & Naidu is 13th VP.
18. Attorney General of India- K.K.Venugopal & Solicitor General- Tushar Mehta.
19. CAG- Rajiv Mehrishi.
20. Vice Chairman of NITI AAYOG- Rajiv Kumar & CEO- Amitabh Kant.
21. CBDT Chairman- Promod Chandra Mody.
22. CBIC Chairman- M Ajit Kumar.
23. NALSA Chairman- Justice S.A.Bobde.
24. NGT Chairman- Justice Adarsh Kumar Goel.
25. Chairman Competition Commission of India- Ashok Kumar Gupta.
26. Central Vigilance Commissioner- Sanjay Kothari.
27. National Commission for Protection of Child Rights- Priyank Kanungo.
28. CBI Director- Rishi Kumar Shukla.
29. Finance Secretary- Ajay Bhushan Pandey.
30. Revenue Secretary- Ajay Bhushan Pandey.

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Important Articles of Indian Constitution