on, durable and cost compet ‘actvalisation of goal of RTC RE. (Cost of Hanaling Variability Wiays of handing varabity oo —™~ —~ \VRE with Compensatory cycing of ‘thermaltiydro plants \VRE with Energy Storage dof hour for “Technology Energy Storage Cost ‘Annual Electricity Demand (BU) / Annual RE Potential 2020 EE So 1385 BU 2518 BU 3821 BU ‘Annual RE Potential vis Harnessed (BU) 10 Sour hatoral Mt ho hight ° ae NWS Merah 100 20% OF weds | solr | tye | Stomese coxrew vane | asc ose wwPotneal (BU) r7oke 11628 e253 208 ft Hamossed(@U) 9075552 ea 7 aoeADRS OKC aad Following attributes of Gravity Battery makes it worth exploring and it is getting attention world wide : + Almost 75%-85% round trip efficiency, + zero degradation over life time, + 35-40+ design life, + 100% depth of discharge ¢ No dependence on a specific geographic location + Unlike dependence of lithium-ion battery for import of lithium, it can majorly be manufactured! constructed using indigenous resources giving strategic advantage + Environmental friendly “© Claimed to be Cost competitive with lithium-ion battery “ Waste material remediationity Storage Technology Scan Ee es Cine ens 1 M/s Energy Vault, Over ground mobile masses and crane + 5 MW/35 MWh demonstration project In Switzerland Switzerlond rmechensm + Advonce stoge of evelopment + MoU/ order from several key orgonization for deployment from @1 2022 + Recognized by World Economie Forum in year 2020 as technology pioneer + Several reputed firms lke Soudi Aramco, DG fuels Enel, Als Renewables ‘and Chine Tianying ete. are known to be astociated with M/s Energy Yavit for development of Evx 2 M/s Gravivichy United, Under ground mobile mass ond winch 250 KW/ 30 sec pilot commisioned in UK. Moderate stage of development. United Kingdom mechanism 3 M/s Gravity Power LLC, Under ground mobile mas: and hydraulcs/ oor Demonstration model Early stage of development USA, pump rerbine 4 M/s Heind! Energy GmbH, Under ground mobile mass and hydaulles/ Only Patent. No demonstration model. Very Eatly stage of development Germany pump trbine wth separate lake 5 M/s Advanced Rall Energy Stone filed wagons on rail to be lifted up The vendor was invited for dicusion but didit turned up, But I is leart that 50 Storage, USA Wa slope MW Feclty Is under development in Nevada Les Veges. However, no demonstration project is reported to exist fil date. So ths can be sold to be inTTR ede MM Koa A AK CLK SNS AL Sod SUh " Working principle of gravity based energy storage technologies (GESS) are very similar to that of pumped hydro storage. However, it employs solid mobile mass to be raised or lowered to store or release energy in place of water. = Solid mobi wate mass has fixed boundary and is 2 times more dense than This aspect eliminate the need of large storage tank to be built on structure to store water, thereby reducing dead mass to be hold on top and thus reduction in overall structure cost, which is the basic reason behind state mobile mass gravity storage. " However, solid state mobile mass gravity storage will need elaborated artificial intelligence based energy management system to position and operate the crane in sequence to provide power on demand by precisely controlling the number of moving mass at a time, speed and quantum of " Propriety item of Gravity Battery are 1) Material science (for manufacturing low cost, durable and dense mobile masses using waste material like ash), 2) structural design and 3) Al/software, i Rea Ge ) 2) 3) a 5) 8) n Foundation (F) Feed Frame (FF) Mobile Mass (MM) crane System (CS) Motor-Generator (MG) Power Consitioning Systom (PCS) Energy Management system (EMS)MA TLd Peder Cereus Torque,Tg = (Kx 0? x N)/R, ¥ Tg is Armature or gross torque (N-m) Y Eb is back emf Y lais armature current Tg=mxgxr YP is the number of poles mov ¥ Nis the Speed of motor in (RPM) ¥ Lis the Number of conductors ¥ Ais the Number of parallel paths Y Ois the magnetic flux ¥ wis the ongular speed ¥ Kf=Constant for given construction of motor ¥ Rl=loadEnergy Storage Technology Comparison ‘Attributes Pump Hydro “Gravity Storage (Energy Vault) Titon Battery Technology ‘Mechanical Storage Mechanical Storage ‘Chemical Storage Energy Density (Watt hour! iter) 022 005-04 7200-400 Capital Cost (Rs MWh) Re. 06-1 or MWh Re 22.507 MWh Re. Re 2 GriMwh “Space Requirement Verylarge, depends on depth | 100-225 0 (Sq. MeteriMWh) RT offcionay 70% 75-88% 80-84% (WIIG) Construction time S15 years TAS years month t year Environmental Impact ‘Social & Environmental issues No hazardous substance, Ash utilization Hazardous substance, fire hazard Tocation ‘Specific location, limited No specific location, Sealable No specific location, Sealable potential Degradation No No You Technical Lie 35-40 years 35-40 years S10 years Technology Status Mature ‘Advance stage of development | MatureRenu eS eect ccag 5 g mss certo 2 * ~ — ri ven ee a ‘Solar (Mw) 100 ‘Storage Capacty MW Mw 70 a oe eee See enya erySee acIeuel Ae eacue vase cute Tesen [Wma] [Theses Tse on jeer Ht 1 rere | rare ton | unre an | 8 aeeniea ar [Santee eae oe erect | roti | uh | ec TS iosy IW] Oats Osh ate | Power — fn nen tia | cocrasnty | once ot json ‘na Tine kr ois thane onset orSome| Tne Tater Tine Tans [oul ony Tox Temod | “arweon” | ‘Toulsir’ | oer sntrccaty | orenen | Movnere | “tron rye te et meee a concrete per cell is eterna es eee ene ened Pee eee ein (V=18 x3 me1.5 m)/(O=2469 1k (M=200 Ton) fake for complete oing/ omega! 80 Senge avout Maxine eng By 20 MWhnd Hours System ‘Area=4000 M2 / Volumo= 4 Lac M3 ‘Mobile Mass=96000 TonnesROMS CUR OReuGlCar lair eT ASE Cac ecd + Though Gravity Battery is yet to be proven, however, itis a combination of | Cost Component time tested proven technology such as huge civil structure, mobile | Frames structure and mobile 46% masses, electrical machine, power electronics, control and | masses instrumentations, mechanical fixtures to hold mobile masses etc. , its cost | Construction including 20% economics is a major area of due diligence. foundation costs + As per EV, about 590 M3 of concrete is required for structure including | jioror/generators, power 34% foundation. As structure cost is major determinants of cost economics, so | condition systems and lifting due diligence in this area is of utmost importance in view of understanding | _ mechanism (crane), C&l its future business prospects. Structure optimization and cost of structure with increase in storage size also required to be understood, + Feasibility of forming cheaper mobile mass using fly ash is another major | | This due diligence may be determinant to be focused to understand its long term future sutabiity in von covered under feasibility market , > + O&M cost assessment is third area of due diligence. As per energy vault it report and will be the basis isin range of 1-1.5% of capex. of green signal to proceed + Efficiency, charging! discharging control mechanism, demonstration of | | forward with pilot project of artificial inteligence based energy management system is fourh area of | | gravity storage. major due dligence.Bt au TR Ree uy wage a + Discussion with all prospective vendors, comparative study of technology and technology selection + Le quirement, cost ‘economics of 5 I-1 due diligence to understand o1 ted technology has ‘gy balance, functioning of technology, spac en completed as follows:- RTC modelling to determine storage size requirement Due diligence for energy balance and space requirement Financial modelling of Gravity Storage to calculate LCOS Watt scale model study to understand basic concept, its functioning & control and associated challenges at MW scale €. Site selection proforma preparation and basic due diligence for site selection f. Study and deliberation on Swiss challenge method with BD/C&M aoge 2 due diligence to be done after MoU. Approval for NDA is \d provided vendor agrees to furnish reply to questionnaire + Proposal to sign MOU and MoU draft sent to BD + MoU approval done and sent to Ministry for their concurrence beforOO ae ee eee wage (A) General ue gence at Sis acy wrt eficorcy and ‘operator 9 L2Sehedle Layout nar Land Aron roquied SSmucure ct agreement Franca variates -Indanpasinar& mods of poet execution ‘charging Power Fnanang mecianm PPA model (RTC ariraton) Poley Supper reques ‘Sharng of Technical speciation, rowing & ‘soeumente Sharing at of spaces Train of manpower for O86 (2) Scope detnion “ermial pots detaiion Boundary Wal House & Balding Salting Aah anspor {construston Power Land ase sgroemant Power evacuatn provision onetrsion sess, Bulking & Stucure design standard Safety nar & accountable work at te Scope of 08M Water ours EEnitoomenial leaances (6) Mako in nia Policy compliance Check or any approval is requited foro 180 of sin cade or import rom land borer sharing county {D) Business Prospects (JV model or BOOT mods) ‘Analysing cost economies ana lg tem sustanabty mark ek and Bene sharing mectaniim (€) Objective & Detverabies Detntion CCakulation of. on account of alowing lo be levied ater PG test shoal persist 1) MW storage hours & no degradation eapacty 2) nual dvatabity Factor 3) Charge! discnarge rate esporse tire) 4) Round ip offeancy& ne degraction in ofeioncy [Catton of. on account falowing lob levied on sequin coat uring anton = 5) Annual OM Cost (Standby Margin capac lo fcate O&M to be ensred) Objection of Med Se Selection whe opting pret eet ‘ating sape of wore ‘Biolog craig power Estimation of ate-spec projec cst ond timeline ‘Froming bones model and ocho economieseee eCe Oe Cost estimate Preparation methodology = Scope finalisation and sub vendor site visit = Cost in terms of Rupees/ MW for 6 hours facility - Sharing of financial model as it is a buyback project with cost of transfer in year 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 etc. - Advance negotiation with vendor Cost estimate may be determined based on following due diligence: - 1) Based on above scope of supply & services 2) Ash quality report/ RQD report 3) Seismic zone/ soil load bearing capacity 4) IMD data 5) Site survey based on layout sharing 6) Terminal point & inclusions/ exclusions 7) Taxes! import duty 8) Other as applicableWork Allocation ca Mechanical civil Eleet Responsibility Area Responsibility Area Responsibility Area Responsibility Area Special Special. ‘Special Special = Operation & ContolPhibsophy Complete System Design “Foundation Analysis Elect Machine Design Instumentation sed Conepialsation Stucue Anal Power loons = Key ptecton Coardinaton rant Layout “Charge and 33charge conto! > Key nttcks Siorage sung Sted Modeling > Enargy Management system Mechanical sgn Shat sing competency Automatic charge and discharge racing Aspects obi Mass Tectia pect centel ‘Operation Phiosophy Seti Sabi Analyse “Compance to Grid Code + SCADA Charging! discharging control meena ish Utsaton Fania Modeling ra Genera General General = Heke in nia “Mak inna = Make in Inca -Make in India Safely Aspect Safely Aspect “Safety Aspect = Safty Aspect 08M Aspect OsM Aspect “ORM Aspoct = OBM Aspect ‘Mechancal Package ansodaton C8 package consoldation Packaging concept Ci package consokdation -Elecical Package consldatonwad a Nees © Utilization of large quantity of ash produced in coal plants as well as legacy ash from ash dyke for manufacturing of large masses of gravity battery. © Land and other resources such as manpower, township, offices and existing fatilities of retiring coal plants may be utilized for Gravity battery in future while maintaining business portfolio and resolving various socio political issue related to unemployment resulting from retirement of coal plants, environment, land acquiPRANAMwade a fi ea ene + Mecha strength 8 MPa (better than & Round-trip Efficiency (RTE) easuret + Pressing time:10 minutes i =Bs Ss a ry 5 G Cora 205 51% ofthe Leveted Castor ese SNaHiaIS qui arenes d> woisowaan onaiv@Cece Aa Ic ALE | Third-Party Analysis From | Top 3 US Utility Company’: 3 MW/ OMIA Hour Syste) ene Lthiarion 302K ape nit autay) 780 3505" Capex tepowering Clelt 30 763 aur 258 5 Tota Cont ot Ovnership 3438 s0aa Cicharon Duration ina az os-4 saree Norisk offre orreiease RiskoF hire release Gan ecraresoscueroran | Stnazardous gases Sthazardous gases Round:-rs Efconcy RTE] ae ase a7 80% 20 iy supply chain » Complex supply chain ¥ cor sequestration » No-environmental benefit Nonisk with Eol cisposal % significant nisk/cast £01 cisposal Energy Footprint if/MWn) 565 200 Nese Level (#8) ca E570"wad a Nees © Utilization of large quantity of ash produced in coal plants as well as legacy ash from ash dyke for manufacturing of large masses of gravity battery. © Land and other resources such as manpower, township, offices and existing facilities of retiring coal plants may be utilized for Gravity battery in future while maintaining business portfolio and resolving various socio political issue related to unemployment resulting from retirement of coal plants, environment, land acquiTechnology -2 (M/s Gravitricity, UK) * Pilot project is under toring excess energy commissioning at UK. oO + Shaft sinking 1s required. — Onvery windy _ | qu On still days Shaft length can be 500 m to daysexcess. “(> when electricity is 1 kilometre. electricity i r required the produced by weight is lowered i fim turbines would be erating ene + wets owns atm Semi —e generator is fitted in ground eiahe to the top passed back to floor to raise and lower the of the shaft the grid + The drawback of this technology is lack of scalability. + It requires less area due to more travel length of mobile eres ene take Sere Peete ae are Fe cea enema , Cece ates through the electrical drives to Peed heAe neay CU SReI Nia) im am emmel=aN) This is a theoretical model. Meeting done with a construction firm M/s Bebang GmbH, Germany done to understand its technical feasibility. M/s Bebeng opined that itis feasible to construct concrete piston and deep shaft Using existing technology. Its interested for construction of such proje Main shaft length can be 700-1000 m. Piston diameter can be 26 to 96 meter. Piston height can be from 350 to 500 meter. Piton shall have lining of stainless steel and its fea: from construction firm. yet to be confirmed Seal are the major part and its feas Vendor has agreed to arrange m lity is yet to be studied from seal firm. ing with reputed seal vendor. Hydraulic turbine, generator etc, is proven technology. Hence, its is feasible from this point of view. It requires less area due to more travel length of mobile mass. penstockamie eek URC ana pesstick ‘eaiput poner HA] [ao [aoe] abo silecive sony stored iW) [200 | Teo 4n00 | 600 Buta atl poorer Hours 2 3 2 7s iestmated overnight cost lions] [S62] S105] Se1 | ssa ‘Sik. $1,700} —sai7 | —sist_|-s1.310 SR saz5_| size [sis | sz ap SIO) To a a Tinea carneter (EEE) 2e2[ wot | a3 26 wale ae 650 | D057 SPE | S94 56 | TST DOO Thai (natn inal siamete (eI) ‘lure (9)Breas A GC es) Pecooven 2 » Nana x us " wimect renal ‘i This is @ theoretical model. Large diameter piston is used, however, M/s Bebang opined that its technical feasib cand risk is very high. Good rock quality is required for construction of such project. Hence, it is area specific project. Party interested to sell only patent. Hence, not useful for NTPC.