BHARAT TECHNOLOGY

AFFILIATED BY
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
TOPIC: REACTIONS OF BENZOIC ACID
NAME: ROHAN ROY
ROLL NO: 20801921006
STREAM: BACHELOR OF PHARMACY
SUBJECT: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II
PAPER CODE: PT
SEMESTER: 3RD,2ND YEAR
ASSESMENT: CA1
DATE OF EXAMINATION: 25.07.2022
 CONTENTS
Introduction

Different reactions of benzoic acid

 Saltformation
 Ester formation
 Decarboxylation
 Acyl halide formation
 Reduction to benzyl alcohol
 Electrophilic substitution reaction

Uses of Benzoic Acid

 INTRODUCTION

What is Benzoic acid ?

COOH
 It is a white solid.
 Appearance: Colourless crystalline solid
 Odor: Faint , pleasant odor
 It is the simplest aromatic acid containing
one –COOH group attached with a Benzene

Benzoic acid ring.

 Chemical formula: C6H5COOH
 Different reactions of Benzoic acid:
Reactions of Benzoic acid

Reactions of –COOH group Reactions of Benzene ring

 Salt formation  Electrophilic substitution

 Ester formation reaction
 Decarboxylation
 Acyl Halide formation
 Reduction to Benzyl
Alcohol
REACTIONS OF -COOH GROUP
 Salt formation:
When benzoic acid is reacted with either sodium hydroxide(NaOH)
or sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3) salt (sodium benzoate) is
formed.

or
 Ester formation:
In ester formation reaction Benzoic acid reacts with alcohols in
the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid and form esters.

Here sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst.

+
 Decarboxylation:
The term ‘Decarboxylation’ means removal of carbon dioxide
from a compound. As the name refers; CO2 gets removed from
benzoic acid and a benzene ring is attained when benzoic acid
is heated with soda-lime(CaO/NaOH).
 Acyl halide formation:
In this reaction Benzoic acid reacts with phosphorus
pentachloride(PCl5) or thionyl chloride(SOCl2) to form an acyl
halide.

Here benzoyl chloride is the acyl halide.

 Reduction to Benzyl alcohol:
When benzoic acid undergoes reduction with LiAlH4 ,it gives
benzyl alcohol.
Sometimes borane(BH3) is also used to reduce benzoic acid to
benzyl chloride.
Even using borane is relatively safe.

LiAlH4
CH2OH

Benzoic acid Benzyl alcohol

REACTIONS OF BENZOIC ACID
 Electrophilic substitution:

The benzene ring in benzoic acid undergoes the electrophilic

substitution reaction.
Meta directing group
 USES OF BENZOIC ACID

 Sodium benzoate is used as preservatives.

 Benzoic acid is used in cosmetic products

due to its antifungal property.

 It is used as germicide also.

 REFERENCES

 Organic Chemistry By Arun Bahl & B.S Bahl