CHAPTER II

DISSCUSION

FICTION

The word fiction in indonesian is translation word from english,fiction.Meanwhile the

word fiction in english comes from the verb ; fingere,fictum.that means to fashion,to
form,and feign(shipley 1970,p.119).

According to Cassel’s Latin Dictionary(1956),the meaning of word “fingere” is to

construct,to invent,to fabricate.So,the word fictio means something was
created,formed,constructed,discovered,or made(kleden1998,p.14).1

It is a story which has character,behaviour,and plot whish is produced by

imagination(Abrahms,1999,p.94)

According to authors,i could conclude that fiction is a creation that was

made,created,formed,constructed by imagination from the author.It doesn’t based on the
reality.

A.PLOT

In fiction,the plot is a squence of interrelated events arrenged to form a logical pattern

and achieve an inteded effect.2

1.Plot structure

Plot is often designed as a narrative structure,storyline or story are,which includes

exsposition,conflict ,climax,and resolution.

a). Exposition is the beginning of the plot usually concerned with introducing characters
and setting

b). Conflict is actual or perceived opposition of needs,values,and interest.A conflict may

be internal or external.

1
Pujiharto,Pengantar Teori Fiksi,Yogyakarta,elmatera:2010,p.4
2
Polking,k.Writing A to Z.Cincinnati,OH : Writer’s Digest Books 1990.p.328-329

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 c). Climax is when the conflict has reached the highest level of intensity,and when it is
something that cannot be avoided(Stanton 1965,p.16)

d).Resolution is that follow the climax and it serves as the conclusion of the
story.Conflicts are resolved,creating normality for the characters and realese of tension
for the readers.3

Example of Plot in bristol murder :

a)Exposition : this novelet wasn’t explain the exposition in the story but it was explained
directly in the page 4-5(character).but it has explained the exposition of setting in the
story in the page 7. “it was early one morning in october.Mrs Jones was in the kitchen
making breakfast...”

b) Conflict : it has 3 conflict : 1.one day there was an argument between john and
mr.Steven .mr,Steven hit john at the face bacause mr.steven dont let him to go out.but
john hit mr.steven too.john run away,but he’s be accussed of police become a
muderer,but peter dont believe it,and peter want to help him.(page14-20),2.john learns a
lessons after he is approach a girl who has a boy friend susan(page33-35).”hey ,you!’john
stopped and turn arround it was susan boy friend....”,3.peter finds bob steel because john
is arrested because peter think that bob steel give information about john for money and
save the real murderer.(page 50-61)”...what shall i do?thought peter which one i should
follow he decided to run after bob steel,Bob steel tried to get free,but he couldnt.peter
caught hold bob arm.’now’said peter,you’re going to tell me the truth.’...

c) Climax : climax was happened in the police station,peter,john,tommy logan and bob
steel was introgated by inspector shaw,and bob steel have told the real murderer that is
Tommy Logan . “...Bob steel looked at tommy logan.’No’he said,it was tommy
logan...”(page 68).and tommy logan has told the truth “...he wa hitting me hard,so i
become angry and picked upthe chair leg instead to push him away...”(page69)

d) Resolution : at the end,tommy logan and bob steel go to prison,meanwhile peter and
john walked out of the police station and peter suggest to john to apply a job at his
company andgo back to bristol “...why not to come to universal transport with me?and
see if they can give you a job?...”(page 70).and they are meet a boy who a need a lift and
they are hope the boy didn’t kill his uncle too.”...i expect you think you’ve killed your
uncle too,’peter to said to the boy...”(page71) and they are laughing.

B. SETTING

3
Burhan,N.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi.Yogyakarta:GadjaMadaUniversityPress,2018.p.113

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 Setting is which shows the atmosphere,place,and conditions to make readers
understand about the atmosphere and story line.Setting denotes the
location,historical,periode,and social surroundings in which action of a text develops.4

1. Setting of place
Is the part that shows and ilustrated when the events taht take place in the story.
Example in bristol : “...the body of mr steven was found in his home at 24
devonshire road,bristol last night...”(page15) place:in his home at devonshire
road,bristol
2. Setting of time
Is a component that explains about when the events that take placein the story.
Example in bristol : “...the body of mr steven was found in his home at 24
devonshire road,bristol last night...”(page15) time : last night.
3. social condition
“...just then the lights went out and the film started again.john put his arm around
susan.’give me a kiss’,he whispered to her.(page 32).social condition: have to
kiss in everywhere.

C.CHARACTERS

A character is the representation of a person in a narrative or dramatic work of art

such as novel,play or film. (Hedda Gabler 1891)

A character,which stand as a representative of a particular class orgroup of people is

known as a type.for example representative of specific positions in the social relations of
class and gender,such that the conflicts between the chracters reveal ideological conflicts.
(Miss Julie 1888)

Kinds of characters :

1. Major characters
Is a character who is always present as an actor in the story or who brings events
and conflicts with in the story.
Example in bristol : peter,because he is always brings event and conflict.
2. Minor characters
Charachters who appear only slightly in the story or as supporting main characters.
Example in bristol : john
3. Protagonist characters
The character who carries a good role in the story and the characters that the reader
admires in the story is popular is called a hero.
Example in bristol : peter,because of him john could proof that he’s not kill his uncle
4. Antagonist characters
4
Burhan,N.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi.Yogyakarta:GadjaMadaUniversityPress,2018.p.302

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 The antagonist is a character who carries an evil role in the story and ussualy in
conflict with protagonist.
Example in bristol : bob steel,tommy logan.because bob steel give a fake information
just for money to save the real murderer,while tommy logan become a murderer
because him hit mr.steven with chair leg.
5. Flat characters
Charatcter whohave one character,good traits,the characters in the story from the
beginning to the end still good.
Example in bristol :peter,from the beginning till the end he is well person to help
someone in trouble.
6. Round characters
The complex characters whose nature changes or changesasthe story progress.5
Example in bristol :bob steel.because in the beginning he a good person who give an
information,but in the end he is save the real murderer just for the money.

D.THEME

Themes are ideas main or main thoughts(tarigan 2008,p.167).Meanwhile according

to Suharianto(2005:17) theme is a problem which is the starting point of the author in
compilling the story or literary work,as well as is the problem that the author wants to
solve with his work.

After i have read the novelet i could conclude that the theme is find of the
real killer bristol murder.because the story begins when peter give alift to john
and he was see john name in the newspaper,but peter dont believe with it,then he
started help john to find a real murderer.

E.TITLE

Title is the main identify in the book that gives the reader instructions about the
story in it and is useful to attract the reader the title consist of one to several words
generally in the elements of setting,character,or plot.6

The title was taken by the plot of story,inthe plot of story there were a conflict
that has been a murder in bristol.in the page 15 “... the body of mr,robert stevens
was found in his home..”

F.POINT OF VIEW
Point of view whose conciousnessthe reader hears,sees and feels the story signifies the
way a story gets told the mode established by an author by means of which the reader is

5
Burhan,N.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi.Yogyakarta:GadjaMadaUniversityPress,2018.p.258-267
6
Akbar,B.Semua Bisa Menulis Skenario.Bandung;penerbit erlangga,2015.p.26

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 presented with the characters,dialogue,actions,setting,and events which constitute the
narrative in a work of fiction.7

The writer use the omniscient point of view,because the writer or Narrator knows of
all the tgoughts and feeling of the characters.for example (page 8).”...mr james
decided where the lorries went every day and gave the drivers their instructions.he
was short,fat man,aged about forty-five...”

G.IRONY

Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended
meaning is different from the actual meaning of the word.

1.verbal irony: the contrast between what is said with what real means.

Example in novelet : “...’yes’ said peter i’veseen hundreds of man dressed like
that this morningit could have been any of them...” it means not the real
situation but he says only parable

2. situational irony : that is the opposite of what the real means.

Example : “...a chair leg?replied john suprised,i didn’t hit him with chair leg
ihit with my hands.

3.dramatic irony : happened if the readers know more than characters know.

Example : “...peter walked around to the back of the lorry and opened it the
police look in,all they could see was a lot of boxes on corner,some old coats on
the floor...”

H.SYMBOL

Symbol refers to any object or person which represent something else.Allegory is

the representation of ideas or principles by characters,figures,or events in a story.8

Symbol in novelet : “...he was hitch hiker and was hoding out his hand...”

It means is someone who ask for a lift.

I.STYLE

7
Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32
8
Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32

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 Style is themanner in which the author tells the story.along with
plot,character,theme,and setting.Style is considered one of the fundamental
component of fiction.9

J.TONE

Tone refers to the attitude that a story creates toward its subject matter.Tone may
be formal,informal,intimate,solemn,somber,playful,serious,ironic,condescending,or
many other possible attitudes.10

K.GENRE

Genre means a type of art,literature,or music characterized by a specific

form,content,and style.it is necessary on the part of readers to know which category
of genre they are reading in order to understand the massage it conveys,as they may
have certain expectations prioi to the reading concerned.11

After i have read this novelet i have conclude that the genre is detective,the
genre of eriting works to solve problem the readers is challanged to solve the
clues provided before detective reveals the answer.according to novelet it is
detective genre because in the story tell about a man who willing to help a boy to
find the real murderer who hasbeen killed his uncle.

9
Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32
10
Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32
11
Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32

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 REFERANCES

Pujiharto,Pengantar Teori Fiksi,Yogyakarta,elmatera:2010,p.4

Polking,k.Writing A to Z.Cincinnati,OH : Writer’s Digest Books 1990.p.328-329

Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32

Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32

Aang,F.Introduction to literature.malang:intrans publishing group,2016 p.32

Burhan,N.Teori Pengkajian Fiksi.Yogyakarta:GadjaMadaUniversityPress,2018.p.258-267

Akbar,B.Semua Bisa Menulis Skenario.Bandung;penerbit erlangga,2015.p.26