Subject: General Chemistry II (Chem108)

Instructor: _______________________
PERFORMANCE TASK #2: Acid-Base Titration

Group members: ____________________________ Class/Yr.Section: _____________

Group No.: _______ Date of Submission: ___________

Materials: (Those labeled with “*” must be provided by the students.)

50-mL base burette
1 pc. burette stand
1 pc. Burette clamp
2pcs. 250-mL (or 125 mL) Erlenmeyer flasks
1 pc. wash bottle
1 pc. funnel
2 pcs. 250-mL beakers
1 pc. 100-mL graduated cylinder
*droppers
0.1 M NaOH (aq)
Phenolphthalein
Distilled water
Unknown concentration of HCl(aq)

Pre-Lab Discussion:

Titration is carried out to obtain the unknown concentrations of a solution. A titration involves
performing a controlled reaction between a solution of known concentration (the titrant) and a solution of
unknown concentration (the analyte).

We can also express the number of moles of the unknown solution as the product of the concentration
and volume

(#H+) (Ma x Va) = (#OH-) (Mb x Vb)

SAFETY

Be especially careful when handling the NaOH and HCl, as they are corrosive and can cause chemical burns to
the skin. If any NaOH or HCl spills on you, rinse immediately under running water for up to 15 minutes and
report the accident to your instructor.

TITRATION PROCEDURE

Setting up the burette and preparing the NaOH

1. Rinse the inside of the burette with distilled water. Allow the distilled water to drain out through the tip
in order to ensure that the tip is also rinsed.
2. Now rinse the burette with a small amount of NaOH(aq). To do this, add about 5-mL of NaOH(aq) to the
burette, then twirl the burette on its side (over the sink) to rinse its entire inner surface. Then allow the
NaOH(aq) to drain out through the tip.
3. Fill the burette with NaOH(aq) up to the top, between 0-mL and 5-mL. Use a funnel to do this carefully,
below eye-level, and preferably over the sink. After this you will need to flush the tip of the burette.
Now measure the volume at the level of the NaOH precisely, and record it as the “Initial Burette
Reading” on your report. Also record the exact molarity of the NaOH(aq), which is labelled on the stock
bottle.

Note* You may want to add a white piece of paper under the flask in order to more easily see the color
change
Preparing the HCl sample

1. Collect 25 mL of Hydrochloric acid in a graduated cylinder. Be sure to measure at the meniscus.

2. Transfer the contents to an Erlenmeyer flask
3. Add 2-3 drops of Phenolphthalein to the solution of HCl in the Erlenmeyer flask.

Performing the titration

Place the flask under the tip of the base burette

containing sodium hydroxide solution and titrate
the acid as follows:

1. Begin to slowly allow the NaOH to fall into

the HCl by opening the burette valve. Do
not completely open the valve. Run 1-2
mL portions of the titrant from the burette
into the flask under it. Gently and
continuously swirl the flask to ensure
proper mixing. Avoid loss of solution from
spattering.
2. When the change in color after the
addition of the titrant persists longer
before disappearing, continue adding the
titrant dropwise, still swirling continuously.
Watch for the faintest pink color of the
solution.
3. You may want to add a white piece of paper under the flask in order to more easily see the color
change
4. When the color persists
despite swirling, you have
reached the equivalence
point, note the final burette
reading.
5. When finished, dispose of
your chemical waste as
instructed.

CALCULATIONS

Molarity of HCl in the Sample

1. First, using the known molarity of the NaOH(aq) and the volume of NaOH(aq) required to reach the
equivalence point, calculate the moles of NaOH used in the titration.
2. From this mole value (of NaOH ), obtain the moles of HCl sample, using the mole-to-mole ratio in the
balanced equation.
3. Finally, calculate the molarity of HCl the sample from the moles of HCl and the volume of the HCl
sample used.

LAB REPORT: Titration of HCl

Experimental Data

Values
Initial burette reading
Final burette reading
Volume of NaOH used
Molarity of NaOH
used
Volume of HCl used
 Color at equivalence
point

Data Analysis

Write the balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and
hydrochloric acid.

The Molarity of Hydrochloric acid in the sample

Data Used Values
Moles of NaOH used in titration
Moles of HCl neutralized in the
sample
Molarity of HCl in the sample

Question for Analysis

1. Why is rinsing of the burette both with distilled water and the base solution a critical step in titration?

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2. What is the proper way of reading the volume when using a burette?

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3. What was the purpose of the phenolphthalein indicator in this experiment?

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4. Cite some laboratory techniques in titration and justify why it needs to be followed.

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5. Cite an industry that uses titration as part of its quality control and discuss its importance. The industry
must be related to your strand.

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RUBRIC FOR CONDUCTING LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

 POOR FAIR GOOD EXCELLLENT OUTSTANDING
2 points 4 points 6 points 8 points 10 points
Set-up and Set-up of Set-up of Set-up of All equipment All equipment
equipment equipment is not equipment is equipment is accurately placed accurately placed
care accurate, help is generally generally accurate
required with workable with with 1 or 2 small All necessary All necessary
several major several details details that need supplies on hand supplies on hand
details that need refinement
refinement. Very neat and
Many necessary All necessary organized
supplies must Some necessary supplies on hand.
found in mid-lab supplies must be
searched out
Following Lacks the Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
Procedure appropriate general good knowledge sound knowledge very good
knowledge of the knowledge of lab of the lab of lab procedures knowledge of the
lab procedures procedures. procedures. lab procedures
Carefully follow
Often requires Requires help Works to follow each step Thorough and
help from the from teacher with each step before carefully follows
teacher to even some steps in moving on to the each step before
complete basic procedures next step moving on to the
procedures. next step
Data Measurement are Measurements Measurements Measurements Measure are both
Collection incomplete, are somewhat are mostly are accurate with accurate and
inaccurate and inaccurate and accurate reasonable precise
imprecise very imprecise precision
Observations are Observations are
Observations are Observant are generally Observations are very thorough and
incomplete or incomplete or complete thorough may recognize
not include recorded in a possible errors in
confusing way Work is organized Work is generally data collection
Symbols, units neat and
and significant There are three or Only 2 or 3 minor organized Work is neat and
figures are not more minor errors errors using organized
included using symbols, symbols, units Includes symbols,
units and and significant units and Includes
significant digits digits significant digits appropriate
or 2 major errors symbols, units
and significant
digits
Safety Proper safety Proper safety Proper safety Proper safety Proper safety
precautions are precautions are precautions are precautions are precautions are
consistently often missed generally used consistently used consistently used
missed
Consistently
thinks ahead to
ensure safety
Interaction No participation; Minimal Good Very good Shows
with group sits on the participation; participation; participation; is outstanding
sidelines with no shows little appears respectful of leadership
interaction; interest; doesn’t interested; others and their qualities through
disinterested; no pay attention to enthusiastic but point of view; shared
stake in time other group talks over makes sure that participation and
management member; may teammate or may everyone gets a respect for
argue to get point “hog” tasks; turn; conscious of others; keeps
across; helps somewhat time others on task,
group only when conscious of time managing time;
asked; fools assumes
around; little responsibility for
emphasis on time effective
functioning of the
group.