MANHOLE

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• MANHOLE IS AN OPENING CONSTRUCTED ON THE ALIGNMENT OF SEWER FOR
FACILATING A PERSON ACCESS TO THE SEWER FOR THE PURPOSE OF INSPECTION,
TESTING, CLEANING AND REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTION FROM THE SEWER LINE.

7.5.2018
• MANHOLE IS AN OPENING CONSTRUCTED ON THE ALIGNMENT OF SEWER FOR
FACILATING A PERSON ACCESS TO THE SEWER FOR THE PURPOSE OF INSPECTION,
TESTING, CLEANING AND REMOVAL OF OBSTRUCTION FROM THE SEWER LINE.

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A MANHOLE CONSISTS OF:-
• WORKING CHAMBER.
• AN ACCESS SHAFT AND
• A STRONG COVER ON THE TOP FLUSH WITH THE ROAD LEVEL.
• BOTTOM OR INVERT.
• STEPS OR LADDER.
• WALLS.

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WORKING CHAMBER:-
• THE WORKING CHAMBER HAS SUCH A SIZE, SO THAT NECESSARY EXAMINATION AND
CLEANING CAN BE DONE EASILY.
• THE MINIMUM INTERNAL SIZE OF THE CHAMBER ARE AS FOLLOWS.
❖ FOR DEPTH OF 0.8M OR LESS __________ 0.75M X 0.75M
❖ FOR DEPTH BETWEEN 0.8M AND 2.1M _____1.2M X 0.9M
❖ FOR DEPTH MORE THAN 2.1M __________ 1.2M X 0.9M OR 1.4DIA CIRCULAR CHAMBER.
ACCESS SHAFT:-
• THE ACCESS SHAFT PROVIDES AN ACCESS TO THE WORKING CHAMBER.
• THE SHAFT IS FORMED, BY CORBELLING THE WORKING CHAMBER SO THAT THE COVER
FRAME CAN BE FITTED IN THE OPENING.
• THE MINIMUM INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE ACCESS SHAFT ARE 0.5 X 0.5M
COVER:-
• AT THE TOP OF MANHOLE, THE MANHOLE COVER OF CAST IRON OR R.C.C IS PROVIDED TO
COVER THE OPENING DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF TRAFFIC ON THE ROAD.
• THE MANHOLE COVERS ARE PROVIDED FLUSH WITH THE ROAD LEVEL.
• THE TOP SURFACE OF THE CONCRETE IS CALLED BENCHING AND THE MAN STANDS ON ITS
TOP DURING CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF THE SEWERLINES OVER THE CEMENT
CONCRETE WALLS NOT LESS THAN 20CM THICKNESS ARE CONSTRUCTED.
• THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO MANHOLES SHOULD BE 30M AND THE DISTANCE
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BETWEEN THE MANHOLE AND GULLY CHAMBERS SHOULD NOT EXCEED 6M.
BOTTOM OR INVERT:-
• IS CONSTRUCTED OF CEMENT CONCRETE OR PAVING BLOCK.
• IT IS GENERALLY U-SHAPED OR SEMI-CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION AND ITS SIDE ARE MADE
TO SLOPE TOWARDS IT.
STEPS OR LADDER:-
• ARE PROVIDE FOR EASY ENTRY AND EXIT OF A PERSON.
• AND ARE GENERALY STAGGERED FOR HORIZONTAL DISTANCE 200C/C AND VERTICAL
DISTANCE 300C/C.
• IF STEPS ARE OF DOUBLE WIDTH STAGGERING IS NOT REQUIRED.
• STEPS SHOULD BEGAIN FROM 400MM FROM GROUND OR ROAD LEVEL AND MUST LEAD UP
TO 300MM HT. FROM BOTTOM LVL OF THE MANHOLE.
WALL:-
ARE MADE OUT OF CONVENTIONAL MATERIAL LIKE BRICK, STONE OR FROM RCC.
AND MIN THK SHOULD BE OF 200MM.
THUMB RULE:-
T = 10+4D
T:- THICKNESS OF THE WALL IN CM.
D:- DEPTH OF THE EXCAVATION IN M

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 SEPTIC TANK

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SEPTIC TANK:-
• A SEPTIC TANK IS A BELOW GROUND WATERTIGHT BOX (CONCRETE, PLASTIC OR
FIBERGLASS), OFTEN ABOUT 9 X 5 X 6 FEET.
• IT SEPARATES THE LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS, PROVIDES DIGESTION OF SOME ORGANICS
(MAINLY BY BACTERIA WHICH LIVE WITHOUT OXYGEN) AND STORAGE.
• IT DISCHARGES PARTIALLY FILTERED AND CLARIFIED EFFLUENT TO THE DRAIN FIELD FOR
FINAL TREATMENT.

WHERE DO WE USE:-
• IF A BUILDING (WITH PLUMBING FACILITIES) IS NOT ON A CITY SEWER SYSTEM, THEN IN
MOST CASES IT HAS A SEPTIC TANK SYSTEM (ALSO KNOWN AS AN ON-SITE WASTEWATER
DISPOSAL SYSTEM, OR SUBSURFACE WASTEWATER DISPOSAL SYSTEM) TO DISPOSE OF
THE WASTEWATER.

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DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENT:-
ABSORPTION TRENCHES:-
GARDENING:-
NATURAL WATERS:-
SOAK PIT:-
SOAK WELL:-

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 THANK YOU

7.5.2018