SMARTPHONE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG DANANG CITIZENS

Statistic for Management - 570

Name: Nguyen Khanh Phong

Class: GBD1006

13 SEPTEMBER 2022
Danang, Vietnam.
 ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Business

Unit number and title Unit 42 - Statistics for Management

Submission date October 10, 2022 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Nguyen Khanh Phong Student ID GBD210043

Class GBD1006 Assessor name Pham Quang Tin

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

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Table of Contents
LIST OF FIGURES .....................................................................................................................................................4
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Backgrounds of the topic .............................................................................................................................6
1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic ....................................................................................................... 6
1.3. Objectives of the topic ................................................................................................................................. 6
1.4. Scope of the topic ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5. Meaning of the study ................................................................................................................................... 7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Smartphone consumption behavior. .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2. Factors that affect smartphone consumption behavior. .......................................................................... 7
2.2.1. Habitual Smartphone using Behavior ..................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2. Individual Usage ........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.3. Social Usage ................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.4. Dependency ................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.5. Emotional Value .........................................................................................................................................8
3. METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................................. 9
4. DATA AND DATA SOURCES ........................................................................................................................ 10
4.1. Design survey ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.2. Collecting Data ...........................................................................................................................................13
5. RESULT ............................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1. Research Sample ........................................................................................................................................13
5.2. Descriptive statistics analysis ....................................................................................................................15
6. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 17
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................................................................................18
8. APPENDIX .........................................................................................................................................................19
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1:Pie Chart of Age ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 2: The Bar Chart of Affordability .......................................................................................................................14
Figure 3: Histogram of the factor: I enjoy using smartphones. ...................................................................................16
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Habitual of Smartphone using Behavior ....................................................................................................... 10
Table 2: Individual Usage ............................................................................................................................................11
Table 3: Social Usage .................................................................................................................................................. 11
Table 4: Level of Dependence .....................................................................................................................................11
Table 5: Emotional Values .......................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 6: Demographics ................................................................................................................................................12
Table 7: Demography of Respondents ........................................................................................................................ 13
Table 8: Emotional Values Variable Statistics. ........................................................................................................... 15
 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Backgrounds of the topic
Since smartphones are introduced, the smartphone industry has exploded with the development of high-
tech mobile devices. The mobile or cell phone has become the 21st-century icon. It is ubiquitous in the
modern world, as an on-the-go talking device, an internet portal, a social networking platform, a personal
organizer, and even a mobile bank. In the information age, it has become an important social accessory.
Since it is relatively easy to use, portable and affordable, its diffusion continues to surpass that of other
ICTs (Shambare Richard; Rugimbana Robert; Zhowa Takesure, 2012). In recent years, the global
smartphone industry has been increasing rapidly, reaching about nine million units in Vietnam in 2013,
representing a growth rate of 29 % from 2012. This number contributes to a rise in total smartphones of
6.9% from 2012 and reaching 1.7 billion units for the total of smartphones in the world. The speed of
growth is expected to continue increasing rapidly from 2013 to 2017 and the number of smartphone
shipments in that period of time is estimated to grow from 1 billion in 2014 to nearly 1.4 billion devices in
2017 (Wollenberg, 2014) . Not only did smartphones create a definition of portable computers, but also
started a consumption tendency of them. Nowadays, the living standard of Vietnamese people has
increased, and it is affordable to buy a smartphone. Vietnam has an increasing number of smartphone
consumers, especially in big cities such as Danang. The survey is conducted in order to examine the
behavior of young people in smartphone consumption.

1.2. The reasons why you choose the topic

There are many research papers on this topic but many of them still lack information to solve the problem.
Through this study, with the newly founded information and the survey, I will collect the most relevant
information to complete the analysis of the smartphone usage behavior of young people in Danang.
Examining the smartphone behavior of Danang young people and pointing out the problem so that there
will be an optimized solution to the problem.

1.3. Objectives of the topic

The topic has 4 main objectives:

 Systematic explanation of the basics of smartphone-using behavior.

 Summarize the research database on the analysis of the current smartphone-using behavior of young
Danang people.
 Examine, draw conclusions and propose solutions to reduce smartphone addiction and the negative
effects of toxic smartphone using behavior.
1.4. Scope of the topic
 Danang city will be the region of this research. Throughout the research, the information will be
collected and thoroughly clarified, expanding the scope of the research. The Final is to improve the
realism of the study.
 This research will have 100 individuals of young people, who are living, studying or working in
Danang and have at least a smartphone.
 The research will be conducted on the platform Google Forms. The answer will be collected from
online forms and will be referred to the official database.
 The time period of the research started on September 14 and ended on October 10, 2022.

1.5. Meaning of the study

There will be data sources that provide the context and resources to show how statistical models,
procedures, and data analysis programs like SPSS are applied and developed effectively in the research.
My understanding of young people's smartphone consumption behavior in the Da Nang market has
improved thanks to useful information. As a result, I can better help reduce smartphone addiction while
being able to quickly adapt to better promotion of using smartphones wisely. The information and data
gathered will be crucial in determining the benefits and drawbacks that must affect the young people in Da
Nang city’s behavior in order to complete the research properly.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Smartphone consumption behavior.
a. Definition of smartphone
A smartphone is a mobile phone that created the greatest tech revolution since the Internet and
allows you to make a call, send text messages, and much more. It comes with highly advanced
features and is capable of playing audio, and videos, displaying pictures, surfing the Internet, and
sending e-mail. Although as compared to desktops, smartphones do not include big screen sizes,
they can do everything like a computer.
They include a touch screen to allow users to interact with them and can run on any of these mobile
operating systems like Windows Mobile, iOS, Android, Symbian, and BlackBerry OS. It allows you
to run different-different kinds of applications, such as business-use programs, games, and personal-
use applications (What is a Smartphone?, n.d.)
b. Smartphone consumption behavior (survey)
There are many definitions and concepts of smartphone consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is
the study of how individuals or groups buy, use and dispose of goods, services, ideas, or experiences
to satisfy their needs or wants (Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Harris, L. C., & Piercy, N., 2017).
Consumer behavior used to be viewed as buyer behavior that reflected interactions between
consumers and producers at the point of purchase, but today's marketers understand that consumer
behavior is a continuous process rather than just what occurs when a consumer spends money and
receives goods or services. People use smartphones more for navigation, social media, emails,
online shopping, and a variety of other purposes than for making phone calls.
2.2. Factors that affect smartphone consumption behavior.
There are five factors that affect smartphone consumption behavior in young Danang people. They are
Habitual of Smartphone using Behavior, Individual Usage, Social Usage, Level of Dependence and
Emotional Values, symbolysed as HSB, IU, SU, LOD and EV respectively. The respondents attended in
the survey are advised to take the survey forms with the questions of these factors in order to have
clarified data.

2.2.1. Habitual Smartphone using Behavior

Smartphone habits cause unintended behavior activated by internal or external cues. Automatic urges in
which the smartphone is unlocked to check for notifications increase the chance to develop addictive
behaviors. This is further strengthened by process and social types of usage. Process-related smartphone
use appears to be a strong determinant for both developing habitual and addictive smartphone behaviors.
The smartphone offers several pleasurable experiences that potentially function as rewards and increase
the chance that process-oriented use develops into habitual use (van Deursen , Bolle, Hegner, & Kommers,
2015).

2.2.2. Individual Usage

Individual usage is defined in the context of the behavior of young people in using their smartphones for
personal purposes such as schoolwork, doing tasks, daily information update, and entertainment. On
smartphones, in particular, we have a few installed applications to choose from, and we tend to use and
reuse them within individual sessions. Besides checking habits and revisitation patterns, only a few
previous works take into account other types of habitual behaviors with smartphones (Roffarello, A. M., &
De Russis, L., 2021).

2.2.3. Social Usage

Mobile phones are used for social interaction. Adopters use them to stay in touch with friends and family.
Improved mobile telephony and technological advancement also guarantee mobile subscribers the
freedom to use the Internet, email, and social media such as Twitter and Facebook. Because of the wide
array of features, mobile phones are social interaction tools (Shambare Richard; Rugimbana Robert;
Zhowa Takesure, 2012).

2.2.4. Level of Dependency

Following adoption, users become more comfortable using cell phones. Hooper and Zhou identify this as
a ‘commitment’ to using an innovation. In other words, as adopters begin using mobile phones regularly
they become part of the users’ lives to such an extent that the users feel lost without them (Hooper & Zhou,
2007).

2.2.5. Emotional Value

Emotional value refers to the perceived utility obtained from an alternative’s capacity to arouse feelings
or affective states (Lee, 2015). (Kim H.-W. G., 2011) indicated that emotional value involves
multisensory, fantasy, and emotive aspects of a consumer’s experience with a product. Consumers’
perceived positive emotional values (e.g. a sense of pleasure and enjoyment) increase their reception of
new products (Mohd Suki, 2016). Thus, here, emotional value is defined as the utility originating from
consumers’ affective states or feelings toward different smartphone brands.

2.2.6: Demographic

Demographics are questionnaires that ask about age, gender, education, and employment status. In order
to analyze material impartially, the researcher must collect demographic data about other people as well as
the total number of respondents. According to a review of previous demographic data, people in their
twenties are more likely to know about or want to use smartphones. Gender differences also have an
impact on smartphone usage habits. (TAMBUN, DALIMUNTHE, & NURHAYATI, 2020)

In this case, demographic information must be included in the survey in order to update data and conduct
an unbiased evaluation of Da Nang residents' use patterns. Finally, these tests are described in the
documentation.

3. METHODOLOGY
 Measures of Central Tendency: mean, mode, and median.

 Mean: The mean of a data set is the average of all the data values.

Calculation formula:

In which:
- : Sum of the values of the n observations

- : Number of observations in the sample

 Mode: The mode of data is the value with the greatest frequency

Calculation formula:

o Median: The median of a data set in the value in the middle when the data items are
arranged in ascending order

Calculation formula:

 Measures of Variability: variance and standard deviation.

o Variance: The average of each data value’s squared deviation from the mean
 Calculation formula:

In which:
- : Mean of a sample

- : Observation of a sample
 Standard deviation:

Calculation formula:

4. DATA AND DATA SOURCES

4.1. Design survey
The survey was designed with the topic's goal in mind: to identify and evaluate the factors that influence
the intention to use the Momo e-wallet. There are 3-5 component questions for each section that help
clarify the given topic. All of these questions are based on credible journals/research models. As a result,
the scientific and practical applicability is improved.

Ta
No Symbol Content References ble
1 HSB1 Checking my smartphone is becoming a habit (van Deursen , Bolle, 1:
2 HSB2 My smartphone is a part of my life Hegner, & Kommers, Ha
3 HSB3 When I need to complete a certain task then the 2015) bit
use of my smartphone is an obvious choice ual
4 HSB4 I use my smartphone automatically of
Sm
5 HSB5 My smartphone is a part of my life
art
phone using Behavior

Five factors of habitual smartphone use behavior are listed in Table No. 1. They are categorized using the
symbols HSB1 through HSB5. The references in this table were taken from the articles by Alexander
J.A.M. van Deursen, Colin L. Bolle, Sabrina M. Hegner, and Piet A.M. Kommers, (van Deursen , Bolle,
Hegner, & Kommers, 2015).
 Table 2: Individual Usage

No Symbol Content References

1 IU1 I use my smartphone in order to escape from (van Deursen , Bolle,
real-life Hegner, & Kommers,
2 IU2 I use my smartphone in order to relax 2015)
3 IU3 I use my smartphone because it informs me for
things that happen in everyday life
4 IU4 I use my smartphone in order to stay up to date
of the latest news

There are 4 individual usage factors in Table No. 2. They are categorized using the symbols IU1 through
IU4. The references in this table were taken from Alexander J.A.M. van Deursen, Colin L. Bolle, Sabrina
M. Hegner, and Piet A.M. Kommers." (van Deursen , Bolle, Hegner, & Kommers, 2015).

Table 3: Social Usage

No Symbol Content References

1 SU1 I use my smartphone to interact with people (van Deursen , Bolle,
2 SU2 I use my smartphone to text message others Hegner, & Kommers,
3 SU3 I use my smartphone to call other people 2015)
4 SU4 I use my smartphone to contact people through
social media
5 SU5 I use my smartphone to maintain relationships

Table No.3 consists of 5 factors of Social Usage. They are classified in the symbols from SU1 to SU5.
This table took the references from the article by Alexander J.A.M. van Deursen , Colin L. Bolle, Sabrina
M. Hegner, Piet A.M. Kommers (van Deursen , Bolle, Hegner, & Kommers, 2015).

Table 4: Level of Dependence

No Symbol Content References

1 LOD1 When I don't have my smartphone with me, I (Hooper & Zhou,
feel incomplete 2007)
2 LOD2 I feel anxious if I forget to take my smartphone
with me
 3 LOD3 I feel anxious or nervous on days when I can't
use my smartphone
4 LOD4 I always leave my smartphone on

Table No.4 consists of 4 factors of the Level of Dependence. They are classified in the symbols from
LOD1 to LOD4. The information from the table took the references from the articles by Val Hooper and
You Zhou to enhance the given information (Hooper & Zhou, 2007).

Table 5: Emotional Values

No Symbol Content References

1 EV1 I enjoy using smartphones (Kim, Sumet, & Joon,
2 EV2 Smartphones make me want to use them 2019)
continually
3 EV3 Smartphones make me feel relaxed when I’m
using it

Table No.5 consists of 3 factors of Emotional Value. They are classified in the symbols from EV1 to EV3.
This table took the references from Kit Hong Wong, Hsin Hsin Chang, and Chih Heng Yeh in order to
provide the authorized information (Kim, Sumet, & Joon, 2019)

Table 6: Demographics

No Symbol Content References

1 D1 Gender (van Deursen , Bolle,
2 D2 Age Hegner, & Kommers,
2015)
3 D3 Affordability for smartphone (Reddipalli, 2020)

Demographics are the factor affecting consumer behavior in terms of smartphone consumption. The
target audience will be narrowed down, the gender of the audience will be recognized, and the buying
power of smartphone consumers will be determined. A total of 101 people attended the research, the
information table consists of three different factors: gender, age, and affordability. Rohith Reddipalli
(Reddipalli, 2020) and Alexander J.A.M. van Deursen, Colin L. Bolle, Sabrina M. Hegner, and Piet A.M.
Kommers (van Deursen , Bolle, Hegner, & Kommers, 2015) are two sources of journal articles that
provide demographic information.
 4.2. Collecting Data

In this report, the researcher uses 2 data sources, including primary and secondary, to gather information
to support the study:

- Secondary: a few websites and journals where you can find information on survey design,
theoretical underpinnings, and cover design. The researcher uses academic sources from journal
articles and other research on the same topic in addition to strengthening the information in the
research.
- Primary: A survey that the researcher himself designed in order to collect data from respondents
and analyze the data... Google Forms is the platform to conduct the survey. The survey includes 20
different questions that are relevant to smartphone consumption behavior.
- The Google Forms links to the survey: https://forms.gle/zQNNVfKS6Vv3RdrJ9

5. RESULT
5.1. Research Sample
The research survey collected a total of 101 respondents. The table below shows the demographic details,

Variables Frequencies Percent

Gender Male 45 44.6
Female 56 55.4
Age Under 18 years old 48 47.5
From 18 - 21 years old 10 9.9
From 21 - 23 years old 33 32.7
From 23 - 25 years old 8 7.9
Over 25 years old 2 2.0
Affordability From 2.000.000vnd to 69 68.3
5.000.000vnd
From 5.000,000vnd to 18 17.8
10.000.000vnd
From 10.000.000vnd 9 8.9
to 15.000.000vnd
Over 15.000.000vnd 5 5.0
Total 101 100
which are collected from the survey.
Table 7: Demography of Respondents
 Figure 1: Pie Chart of Age

With all 101 people attending the survey using a smartphone shows that smartphones are very popular
among young people in Danang. In the survey, there are 5 ranges of ages: under 18 years old, from 18-21
years old, from 21-23 years old, from 23 to 25 years old, and over 25 years old. The range of age under 18
years old is the highest intention to use a smartphone with a dominating rate of 48 percent. The reason for
this high exposure to smartphones in teenagers is the accessibility to technology. The increase of younger
people having access to smartphones can change the behavior of using smartphones because a smartphone
is now considered as a Swiss Army knife with multi-function, which is tempting to young people.

Figure 2: The Bar Chart of Affordability

The survey divides smartphone affordability into four indexes: under 2 million VND, between 5 and 10
million VND, between 10 and 15 million VND, and above 15 million VND. The majority of respondents
are under the age of 18, and a smartphone is typically affordable between 2 million and 5 million
Vietnamese VND. Only 5% of young people in Danang have the means to spend more than $15 million
on a flagship smartphone, compared to 69% who would afford a mid-range model. This is due to the
mindset of Vietnamese parents who restrict their under-18-year-old children from the cost of the phone, as
well as the rise in living standards in Vietnam, which is evident but not enough.

5.2. Descriptive statistics analysis

Mean Median Mode

I enjoy using a 3.13 3.00 4.00

smartphone
Smartphones make me
2.86 3.00 2.00
want to use them
continually
Smartphones make me
2.99 3.00 3.00
feel relaxed when I'm
using them
Table 8: Emotional Values Variable Statistics.

The statistics from the question in a factor answered by 101 Danang young people are presented in Table
8. Overall, the result of all questions was highly rated.

First, the question “I enjoy using my phone” has the mean, median, and mode values of 3.13, 3.00, and
4.00 respectively, and the percentage of respondents who agree with this question is relatively high.

Second, the sentence “Smartphones make me want to use it continually” has values of 2.86, 3.00, and
2.00, most respondents are against this sentence and the percentage of agreement is low.

Finally, the sentence “Smartphones make me feel relaxed when I’m using them” has values of 2.99, 3.00,
and 3.00. The percentage of respondents who agree and are against with this sentence is neutral.
 Figure 3: Histogram of the factor: I enjoy using smartphones.

The Histogram graph of the question “I enjoy using smartphones” shows that young people in Danang
relatively agree that they enjoy using smartphones. At the end of the survey, the mean of the observed
question was 3.13 indicating that most young people in Danang are keen on using their smartphones. The
fact is that 4 is the most chosen answer in this question, so the mode is 4.00, and the median is 3.00. Thus,
it can be spectated that most young people in Danang enjoy spending time using their smartphones, but
the other are not, which is significantly balanced due to the rise of smartphone addiction.
6. CONCLUSION
The current study examines the habitual and smartphone behavior and factors such as gender,
age, individual and social smartphone usage, level of dependence, and emotional values. The findings first
demonstrate that compulsive smartphone use is a significant factor in smartphone behavior. Unintentional
behavior brought on by smartphone habits is triggered by both internal and external cues. Individual and
social usage habits serve to reinforce this even more. Habitual-related smartphone use appears to be a
significant predictor of the emergence of ingrained smartphone behavior. The smartphone provides a
variety of enjoyable experiences that might serve as rewards and raise the possibility that process-oriented
use will turn into habitual use. Future research would need to explore mobile phone usage in terms of each
behavior type in greater depth. It could also explore the correlations between different ages, genders, and
various types of behavior.
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hooper, V., & Zhou, Y. (2007). Addictive, Dependent, Compulsive? A Study of Mobile Phone Usage. BLED 2007
Proceedings.

Kim, H.-W. G. (2011). Investigating the intention to purchase digital items in social networking communities: A
customer value perspective. Information & Management, 228-234.

Kim, H.-W., Sumet, G., & Joon, K. (2019). The effects of consumption values and relational benefits on smartphone
brand switching behavior. Information Technology & People, 217-243.

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Harris, L. C., & Piercy, N. (2017). rinciples of Marketing European Edition. Harlow Pearson.

Lee, C. K. (2015). How does the theory of consumption values contribute to place identity and sustainable
consumption? . International Journal of Consumer Studies, 597–607.

Mohd Suki, N. (2016). Consumer environmental concern and green product purchase in Malaysia: structural
effects of consumption values. Journal of Cleaner Production, 204-214.

Reddipalli, R. (2020). Howard Sheth Model of Consumer Behaviour on Buying a Smartphone. SSRN Electronic
Journal.

Roffarello, A. M., & De Russis, L. (2021). Understanding, Discovering, and Mitigating Habitual Smartphone Use in
Young Adults. ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, 1-34.

Shambare Richard; Rugimbana Robert; Zhowa Takesure. (2012). Are mobile phones the 21 century addiction? In
African Journal of Business Management (pp. 573-577). Tshwame: Academic Journals.

van Deursen , A. J., Bolle, C. L., Hegner, S. M., & Kommers, P. A. (2015). Modeling habitual and addictive
smartphone behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 411-420.

What is a Smartphone? (n.d.). Retrieved from JavaTPoint: https://www.javatpoint.com/what-is-a-smartphone

Wollenberg, A. (2014). Consumer Behaviour in the Smartphone Market in Vietnam. International Journal of
Innovation, Management and Technology.
 8. APPENDIX

SURVEY ON SMARTPHONE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR

Welcome!

My name is Nguyen Khanh Phong, I'm currently a student of Business Administration at the University
of Greenwich Vietnam in Da Nang. I created this survey as part of my project for the "Statistics for
Managers" class to study the usage behavior of young customers for smartphone products in Da Nang city.
Please answer according to your best advice. This survey will take approximately 5 minutes.
Your information will be kept confidential and used only for research purposes, please rate your score
from lowest to highest (1-5). Thank you!

I. CONTENT
1 5
Completely disagree Completely agree

No. Criteria Opinion

Section 1: Habitual of Smartphone using Behavior
1 1 2 3 4 5
Checking my smartphone is becoming a habit
2 1 2 3 4 5

3 My smartphone is a part of my life 1 2 3 4 5

When I need to complete a certain task then the use of my
4 smartphone is an obvious choice 1 2 3 4 5

I use my smartphone automatically

5

Section 2: Individual Usage

I use my smartphone in order to escape from real-life

1 1 2 3 4 5
 I use my smartphone in order to relax
2 1 2 3 4 5

I use my smartphone because it informs me for things that happen in

3 everyday life 1 2 3 4 5

4 I use my smartphone in order to stay up to date on the latest news 1 2 3 4 5

Section 3: Social Usage (SU)

1 I use my smartphone to interact with people

1 2 3 4 5

2 I use my smartphone to text message others 1 2 3 4 5

3 I use my smartphone to call other people
1 2 3 4 5

4 I use my smartphone to contact people through social media

1 2 3 4 5

5 I use my smartphone to maintain relationships

1 2 3 4 5

Section 4: Level of Dependence (LOD)

1 When I don't have my smartphone with me, I feel incomplete 1 2 3 4 5

2 I feel anxious if I forget to take my smartphone with me 1 2 3 4 5
3 I feel anxious or nervous on days when I can't use my smartphone 1 2 3 4 5
I always leave my smartphone on
4 1 2 3 4 5

Section 5: Emotional Values (EV)

1 I enjoy using smartphones 1 2 3 4 5

2 Smartphones make me want to use them continually
1 2 3 4 5

3 Smartphones make me feel relaxed when I’m using it

1 2 3 4 5

4 I enjoy using smartphones 1 2 3 4 5

PART II: RESPONDENT’S INFORMATION
Please answer the following questions related to your personal information:

Question 1: Gender: 1. Male : 2. Female

Question 2: Range Of Age:

1. Under 18 years old
2. From 18 to 21 years old
3. From 21 to 23 years old
4. From 23 to 25 years old
5. Over 25 years old
Question 3: Educational level:

1. From 2 million to 5 million VND

2. From 5 million to 10 million VND
3. From 10 million to 15 million VND
4. Over 15 million VND
Thank you so much for your participation!

Da Nang, date …….. month ……..year ……..

Respondent’s signature Interviewer’s signature