SMART SOLUTIONS FOR RAILWAY

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1. PROJECT OVERVIEW
Railways have been an essential mode of transportation to people all
over the world for centuries. They were critical to the industrial revolution and
played a major role in creating thriving, innovative societies.
Today, railways are more important than ever as country and city governments
are being asked to find innovative ways to safely get back to business post-
COVID, meet the changing needs of their citizens, address urban population
increases, and reduce their environmental impact.
To meet these challenges and position themselves for future success, many
forward-thinking governments and railway operators are looking for smart,
intelligent IoT technologies to modernize their railways.

1.2. PURPOSE
There are many types of smart devices that enable IoT in railways, such
as vibration and temperature sensors, vehicle and station cameras, digital
signage, machine learning libraries, security systems, and more. When these
intelligent devices work together in one end-to-end solution, railway operators
can:

 Turn data into actionable insights. With edge computing, railway

operators can process and analyze data closer to where it is collected to
allow for near-real-time decision-making and responsiveness. This low
latency computing power helps enable solutions such as railway obstacle
detection recognition, dynamic digital signage and interactive kiosk
content, and passenger flow monitoring.
 Maximize the value of existing systems. Bridging the IT/OT divide and
achieving convergence, which is the integration of information technology
(IT) with operational technology (OT), helps operators to leverage,
aggregate, and analyze data across the whole railway system. This new
information can help streamline business processes, generate insights that
can drive new innovative solutions and services, and reduce downtime.
 Position themselves for future success. Technology differentiators, such
as deep learning and AI, can help operators prepare for the future and gain
a competitive edge over other modes of transportation. AI can be used to
predict rail delays to increase capacity without building new infrastructure,
 and deep learning can more accurately monitor passenger traffic flow for
enhanced analytics in station planning and operational decision-making.

2.LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1. EXISTING PROBLEM
Railways deal with an almost unmanageable number of assets
on a daily basis, including tracks, equipment, stations, and passenger assets, such
as luggage. Knowing where all assets are at all times is imperative to helping keep
everyone safe and operations efficient. Using computer vision to track assets in
near-real time can help reduce dwell time of stationary locomotives and increase
operational efficiency.
One of the biggest challenges operators face is getting
passengers from one place to another. Congestion, overcrowding, and the
potential for crime result in inefficient operations, lost revenue, and, ultimately,
passenger dissatisfaction. Using cameras in the station and onboard the train and
deep learning and AI through computer vision, operators can measure and
analyze passenger flow to help improve operations decision-making and station
planning.

2.2. REFERENCES
Author Title Source Findings
Naveen Bhargav et al. Automatic Fault International The sensor is used
(2016) Detection of Journal of to detect defect in
Railway Track Recent the train track and
System Based Research the ultraviolet
on PLC (ADOR Aspects sensor is used to
TAST) detect the
obstruction in front
of
the train.
B. Siva Rama Krishna Railway track Asian Journal of In the event of any
et al. (2017) fault detection Applied Science defect on the track
system using IR and Technology it will detect track
sensors and (AJAST) defect using IR
Bluetooth sensors and then it
technology sends a message to
the android phone
using Bluetooth
 module.
Parvathy A. et al. Automatic IEEE The Automatic
(2017) Railway track Railway Route
fault detection automatically
for Indian detects the fares of
railways the Indian IEEE Rail
Automatically and
detects cracks very
quickly without
human
intervention.
Swati D. Patil & Train track fault International Rail crashes have
Pallavi. M. Taralkar detection Journal of been identified as a
(2018) system Current major cause of
Engineering accidents in the
and Scientific past. So, the
Research solution to this
(IJCESR) problem is using
the robot to detect
cracks in the train
track
and when the robot
detects an error it
sends a message to
the
base station

Mansi R. Sarwan et al. Automated International An IR (Slot sensor)

(2018) Railway Track Conference on assembly that
Fault Detection New Frontiers tracks the exact
System Using of Engineering, location of a faulty
Robot Management, track was quickly
Social Science & repaired so that
many lives could be
Humanities
saved.
M. Banupriya et al. Self Powered IOSR Journal of This has resulted in
(2019) For Railway Engineering a rapid increase in
Track (IOSR JEN) surveillance of
 Monitoring systems, buildings,
Using IoT vehicles, and
machines
using sensors.

2.3.PROBLEM STATEMENT DEFINITION

• Engagement of dedicated staff/window for Pass/PTO and ticketing.
• Loss of working time of staff requiring pass.
• Wastage of lot of Paper.
• Availability of Pass/PTO and ticketing(in night, away from HQ, for the
families)

3.IDEATION & PROPOSED SOLUTION

3.1.EMPATHY MAP CANVAS

3.2.IDEATION & BRAINSTORMING

3.3.PROPOSED SOLUTION
S.NO. PARAMETER DESCRIPTION

1. Problem  Smart Solutions for railways is designed to reduced

Statement
the work load of the user and also the use of paper
(Problem to
be solved) and also provides the live location of the train.
 In their busy schedule as fast roaming world public
in need of online booking process. The queues in
front of the ticket counters in railway stations have
been drastically increased over the period of time.
 Ticket reservation through counter is not sufficient
and convenient for the passengers. The passengers
are struggling to get tickets in the time from ticket
counters. So they like to switch over online ticket
booking.
2. Idea /  A webpage is designed in which the user can book
Solution
tickets and will be provided with a QR code which
description
will be shown to the ticket collector and the ticket
 collector will be scanning the QR code to get the
passenger details.
 The webpage also shows the live locations of the
train by placing a GPS module in the train. The
location of the journey will be updated
continuously in the webpage.
 The booking details of the user will be stored in the
database which can be retrieved anytime.
3. Novelty /  A QR code will be provided by the webpage to the
Uniqueness
user which will reduce the paper work.
 All the booking details of the customers will be
stored in the database with a unique ID and they
can be retrieved back when the Ticket Collector
scans the QR Code.You can also view interactive
seat map.
4. Social  The booking tickets is made easy to use and it is
Impact /
also reliable and no need to go to station for
Customer
Satisfaction booking tickets and the transaction process is also
made easy.
 One can manage online ticket booking and apply
for a cancellation in case of change in plans .
 The customer will be notified on email as well as
cell phone on all confirmation and cancellations.
5. Business  With this solution - By using this application, the
Model
customer can schedule their destination, view
(Revenue
Model) availability of the seat, view interactive seat map
and select their seat for their convenience.
Moreover, it enables your customers to organize
trips and daily shuttles effortlessly and it also
reduces the carrying of tickets. The customer can
 also watch the current location of the train.
 Without this solution – they have to travel to the
station to book tickets and also have to carry their
tickets to show to ticket collector.
6. Scalabilit 1. No need of taking print out.
y of the
2. Counter ticket has to be handled with care, but
Solution
SMS on mobile is more than enough.
3. You are becoming environment friendly and
contributing for greener planet by ignoring
printout.
4. No need of taking out wallet and showing your
ticket to TTR, just tell your name to TTR that
you are passenger with a valid proof.
5. While booking counter ticket you had to carry
cash and while booking E- ticket you are
paying through online directly from bank
which makes work more easy for you.

3.4.PROBLEM SOLUTION FIT

4.REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
4.1.FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

FR Functional Requirement Sub Requirement (Story / Sub-Task)

No. (Epic)
FR-1 User Registration Registration through Form
FR-2 User Confirmation Confirmation via
EmailConfirm
ation via OTP
FR-3 User QR code generation QR code is generated
FR-4 GPS tracker Location is tracked
4.2.NONFUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

FR Non-Functional Description
No. Requirement
NFR- Usability Users can navigate easily
1
NFR- Security The details are secured in the database
2
NFR- Reliability Reliable to the users without any
3 failure as it is not fixed to limited
number of users
NFR- Performance User-friendly
4
NFR- Availability Available any time at the time of ease
5
NFR- Scalability Support the users with their needs in
6 reserving ticket and tracking the
location.
5.PROJECT DESIGN

5.1.DATAFLOW DIAGRAM
5.2.SOLUTION & TECHNICAL ARCHITECTURE

5.3.USER STORIES

User Type Functional User User Story / Task Acceptance criteria

Requireme Story
nt (Epic) Number
Customer Reserving ticket USN-1 As a user, I can register for the application I can access my account /
(Mobile user) by entering my email, password, and dashboard
confirming my password.
Customer Reserving ticket USN-2 As a user, I will receive confirmation I can receive
(Mobile user) email once I have registered for the confirmation email &
application click confirm
Customer Reserving ticket USN-3 As a user, I can register for the application I can register & access the
(Mobile user) and enter the details for reserving the ticket. dashboard with Facebook
Login
Customer Dashboard Users The details will be stored safely I can access it using
(Mobile user) database
Customer (Web Reserving ticket User Enter the details and click submit button I can use the QR code
user) to book ticket which is been generated
Customer Care Connecting the Customer Connects with the service by logging in Can get connected with
Executive service provider the server
Administrator Provides the Admin The data is given by the user Can add or update the
services data provided by the user
6.PROJECT PLANNING & SCHEDULING

6.1.SPRINT PLANNING & ESTIMATION

Project Design &Planning Project Development Phase

Ideation Phase Sprint 1

Project Design &Planning Project Development Phase

Project Design Phase -1 Sprint 2

Project Design &Planning Project Development Phase

Project Design Phase -2 Sprint 3

Project Design &Planning Project Development Phase

Project planning Phase Sprint 4

6.2.SPRINT DELIVERY SCHEDULE

SPRINT PLAN

1. IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM

2. PREPARE A ABSTRACT,PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. LIST A REQUIRE NEEDED

4. CREATE A CODE AND RUN IT

5. MAKE A PROTOTYPE
6. Test With The Created Code and check the
designed
PROTOTYPE

7.SOLUTION FOR THE PROBLEM IS FOUND!!!

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7.CODING & SOLUTIONING
7.1.FEATURE 1
importcv2
Importnumpyasnp
Importtime
importpyzbar.pyzbaraspuzbar
fromibmcloudant.cloudant_v1importcloudantv1
FromibmcloudantimportcouchDbsessionAuthenticator
fromibm_cloud_sdk_core.AuthenticatorsimportBasi
cAuhtenticator
authenticator=BasicAuthenticator('apikey-v2-
16u3crmdpkghhxefdikvpssoh5fwezrmuup5fv5g3ubz','b0ab119f45d3e6255eabb
978)
service=cloudantv1(authenticator=authenticator)
service.set_service_url('https://apikey-v2-
16u3crmdpkghhxefdikvpssoh5fwezrmuup5fv5g3ubz:b0ab119f45d3e6255eabb
978
cap=cv2.videoCapture(0)
font=cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN

whileTrue:
_,frame=cap.read(0)
decodeObjects=pyzbar.decode(frame)
forobjindecodeObjects:
#print("Data",obj.data)
a=obj.data.decode('UTF-8')
cv2.putText(frame,"Ticket",(50,50),font,2,(255,0,0),3)
#print(a)
try:
responce=service.get_document(db='booking',doc_id=a
).get_result()
print(response)
time.sleep(5)
exceptExceptionase:
print("NotvalidTicket")
time.sleep(5)
cap.imshow("Frame",frame)
ifcv2.waitKey{1}&0XFF==ord('q'):
Break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
client.disconnect()
7.2.FEATURE 2
importcv2
importnumpya
snp importtime
importpyzbar.pyzbaraspuzbar
fromibmcloudant.cloudant_v1importcloudantv1
fromibmcloudantimportcouchDbsessionAuthenticato
r
fromibm_cloud_sdk_core.AuthenticatorsimportBasic
Auhtenticator

authenticator=BasicAuthenticator('apikey-v2-
16u3crmdpkghhxefdikvpssoh5fwezrmuup5fv5g3ubz','b0ab119f45d3e6255eabb
978)
service=cloudantv1(authenticator=authenticator)
service.set_service_url('https://apikey-v2-
16u3crmdpkghhxefdikvpssoh5fwezrmuup5fv5g3ubz:b0ab119f45d3e6255eabb
978

cap=cv2.videoCapture(0)
font=cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_
PLAIN

whileTrue:
_,frame=cap.read(0)
decodeObjects=pyzbar.decode
(frame)
forobjindecodeObjects:
#print("Data",obj.dat
a)
 a=obj.data.decode('U
TF-8')
cv2.putText(frame,"Ticket",(50,50),font,2,
(255,0,0),3) #print(a)
try:
responce=service.get_document(db='booking',doc_id=a).get_res
ult() print(response)
time.sleep
(5)
exceptException
ase:
print("NotvalidTic
ket") time.sleep(5)
cap.imshow("Frame",frame)
ifcv2.waitKey{1}&0XFF==
ord('q'): break
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWind
ows()
client.disconnect()
7.3.DATABASE SCHEME
 This project presents its first ever digital event dedicated to rail
transport, the “Smart Mobility Experience” which will take place on
March 24th. This event will be the occasion for clients and partners of
the rail ecosystem, to discover new products and major innovations, as
well as to exchange about the digitalization and the future of rail.

 for improved service performance and energy efficiency, and to

boost the attractiveness for users.
 It helps transporting passengers safely, and with best possible
experience, supervises operations with accurate situation
awareness, and optimizes transport service efficiency.
 Using digital technologies such as IoT, cloud and web IT, data
analytics , it designs innovative solutions such as digital signalling,
train autonomy, mobile ticketing, passenger flow analytics, data
driven operation control, smart maintenance, which will drastically
impact the way we all travel.

 Provide real-time passenger density insights to public transport operators

 The solution helps alleviate crowding by reducing busy times, and

consequently enhances overall passenger safety, comfort, and
travel experience.
 The targeted performances of density accuracy are above 90%.

 Facilitate new technology insertion in long lifespan metro systems

In Hand’s Connectivity Solution for Rail Transit:

8.TESTING
8.1.TEST CASES
Test cases contains:
1. GUI testing
2. Navigation testing
3. Functional testing
4. Non functional testing (Performance Security)
5. Data validation testing
6. Negative testing
7. Data Base Testing
Test cases for Railway Registration:
1. Check whether there is a train for your destination.
2. Check the availability of seats on the required date.
3. Check whether the available seats for required coach that is A/c or
Sleeper coaches.
Test Scenario: Train search with all route stations
 
1. Enter source and destination codes or source and  destination
corresponding trains are displaying or not
2. Enter train number and date source and destination with all stations
are displaying or not
 
Scenario: check avaliablity of seats for required date
1. Search seats for Ac ,sleeper ,seat
2. Check upper middle ,lower births
3. Ticket fare for corresponding criteria
  Booking :
  Book the tickets with corresponding criteria
  by cash or card
  any concetion for senior citizen fi applicable
Scenario:
Print the ticket
same for cancelation of ticket
1. Check whether you have money.
2. Check the train is available & you have to go to the same destination.
3. Check working hours of booking office
Step1: Verify there is a train available to the destination.
Step2: Verify the seats are available on the particular date.
Step3: Verify the seats available of the coaches like sitting or berth and
check the fare of the particular system.
8.2.USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING

9.RESULTS
9.1.PERFORMANCE METRICES
 Productivity.
 Effectiveness, Upgrade / Renewal.
 Demography, Staff Satisfaction,
 Customer Satisfaction,
 Efficiency, Rentability,
 Performance, Capacity, Quality.

1O.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Increased efficiency: Congestion and overcrowding create operational inefficiencies. Using

deep learning and AI through computer vision, operators can monitor passenger flow and gather
data for advanced analytics to help enable more-informed decision-making around staffing and
security.
Reduced downtime: Sensors, cameras, and in-vehicle computers empower rail operators to
monitor their fleet’s diagnostic data to minimize breakdowns, predict maintenance repairs, and
optimize servicing schedules to keep trains in working order and moving.

Enhanced safety: Computer vision and AI-enabled smart cameras help automate safety alerts
when there are potential water spills, fire and smoke, or accidents. They can also be used to help
locate missing children in crowds or detect if someone climbs onto conveyor belts, falls on
escalators or onto trackways, or enters restricted areas.

Increased passenger satisfaction: IoT technologies provide operators myriad possibilities for
creating new solutions and services to meet passenger expectations. Operators can personalize
travel for individual passengers with near-real-time data collection and analysis or provide strong
and reliable onboard Wi-Fi so passengers can stay connected throughout their journey.

11.CONCLUSION
As IoT has quite a few disadvantages, its advantages of saving
the consumer time and money can’t be ignored. So in the near future, it
will be very common when the Internet Of Things will be in everyday
use in daily lives. Efforts are going on already to overcome its
disadvantages. From the Project, we learned that it opens possibilities
to enhance the quality of life in various aspects. But it is essential that
we use this technology in a proper manner to make this technology
work the best for us.

12.FUTURE SCOPE
The railway management system offers improved and
controlled operations, data analytics, energy management, asset
management, and staff & passenger information management.
Furthermore, the railway management system also offers disaster
management, which is very vital for the protection of asset and human
lives.