ES 406 - Electrical Safety - Ver 3

GlaxoSmithKline
Global Engineering Standard
Title: ELECTRICAL SAFETY

Effective Date Document No Version Page Number
June 2021 GES 406 3 1 of 51
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Any questions or feedback about this Global Engineering Standard should be addressed to
the author:
J Officer, Head of Pharmaceutical Engineering, PSC Engineering and EHS
CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ACCESSED FROM A CONTROLLED SERVER.

USERS MUST CHECK THAT THEY HAVE THE CURRENT VERSION
June 2021 GES 406 3 2 of 51
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Version Date Revision Details
No
Section 4 Replaced GMS with Pharma Supply Chain (PSC) and

Consumer Healthcare (CH). Applicability to other BUs clarified.
Section 7.2.1 added section regarding electrical safety management
hierarchy.
Section 7.2.2 added section regarding Duty Holder – Electrical Safety.
Section 7.2.3 minor alterations to Electrical Technical Authority wording
Section 7.3 section added Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and
Management. All subsequent sections have been
renumbered accordingly.
Section 7.3.1 Section 7.14 from version 2 in now incorporated in section
03 Jun-21 7.3.1. Amended requirements of PPE for working on and
operating electrical equipment.
Section 7.4.1 section heading changed to Electrical System Information
Section 7.4.4 added requirement for all new electrical equipment and
modifications of existing equipment to be covered by
Change Control with Technical Authority approval.
Section 7.10.2 changed section title from Underground Cables to Buried
and Hidden Electrical Cables. Additional requirements
about the penetration of surfaces and the need to locate
electrical cables prior to work included.
Section 7.10.3 added requirement for hand excavation only in vicinity of
buried cables.
General References to GES 105 have been removed

“Permit for Work” changed to “Permit to Work”
“Sanction for Test” changed to “Sanction to Test”
“Limited Work Document” changed to “Limited Work
Certificate”
Section 4.1 Clarification of “in scope” covered by this GES included
GMS, Vaccines, R&D, WREF and leased premises
02 May-17 Section 6 Deleted specific requirements and added references to
EHS Standard SG 5.16
Section 7.2.2 Changed the authority for signing Certificates of
Appointment
Section 7.3.3 Added reference to GES 402
Section 7.3.4 Corrected GES 404 title
Section 7.3.8 Added references to GES 113 and EHS Std. 5.14 and
removed reference to EHSS 606

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Section 7.4.4 Added the words “who are suitably qualified and
experienced with the type of switchgear and the supply
network”
“Authorised Person” replaced with “Senior Authorised
Person”
Section 7.4.5 Section re-written to be more specific,
Added text as close as possible to the point of work and to
HV work requirements,
Section 7.5.3 Precautions section re-written to be more specific,
Added text as close as possible to the point of work and to
LV work requirements,
Limited Work Certificate paragraph added,
Section 7.8 Added the words “Sections 7.3 to 7.8”
Section 7.9.1 General section added including requirement for risk
assessment; need to identify, isolate, prove dead and
earth; and reference to GES113 and SEHS standard 5.14
Section 7.9.2 Section renumbered from 7.9.1. Added requirement to
have up to date, accurate plans of cable and suitable
identification.
02 May-17 Section 7.9.3 Section added – Excavation
Section 7.9.4 Section added – Precautions
Section 7.9.5 Section added – Cable Spiking
Section 7.9.6 Section renumbered from 7.9.3
Section 7.10.1 Phasing Out paragraph re-written to include PPE
Section 7.11.2 Comments added regarding first responders and isolation
of HV substations before entry of
Emergency Response
Teams
Section 7.11.3 Comment added regarding need for sufficient oxygen
levels
Section 7.13 Cross reference updated.
Section 7.14 Cross references to SEHS standards updated
Section 7.14.1 Gauntlet details updated
Section 7.14.2 “Vacuum” added to text. Face visor added to list of PPE
Gauntlet details updated
Section 8.1.3 “Yellow phase” changed to “L2 phase”
Section 9 Updated references
01 Feb-13 First issue of this Global Engineering Standard

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Table of Contents
DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY...................................................................................... 2
1 RATIONALE ............................................................................................... 5
2 POLICY ...................................................................................................... 5
3 PURPOSE .................................................................................................. 5
4 SCOPE ....................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Within Scope ............................................................................................................ 5
4.2 Excluded from Scope................................................................................................ 5
5 QUALITY COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS .............................................. 5
6 EHS COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS ...................................................... 6
7 ENGINEERING MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS ..................................... 6
7.1 Definitions ................................................................................................................. 6
7.2 Responsibilities and Duties ....................................................................................... 6
7.3 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Management........................................ 8
7.4 General................................................................................................................... 11
7.5 High Voltage Equipment ......................................................................................... 14
7.6 Low Voltage Distribution Equipment........................................................................ 17
7.7 Plant Service Equipment ......................................................................................... 19
7.8 Work On or Near Live Conductors .......................................................................... 20
7.9 Generating Plant ..................................................................................................... 21
7.10 Cables and Overhead Lines .................................................................................... 21
7.11 Tests and Test Equipment ...................................................................................... 24
7.12 Fire Protection for Electrical Equipment .................................................................. 25
7.13 Temporary Installations Including Construction Sites .............................................. 25
7.14 Decommissioning ................................................................................................... 25
8 ENGINEERING BEST PRACTICE ............................................................ 26
8.1 Circuit and Cable Identification ............................................................................... 26
9 REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 28
APPENDIX 1 - DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................ 29
APPENDIX 2 – MODEL CERTIFICATE OF HV AUTHORISATION .................................. 33
APPENDIX 3 – HV PERMIT TO WORK ............................................................................ 34
APPENDIX 4 – LIMITED WORK / ACCESS CERTIFICATE ............................................. 36
APPENDIX 5 – HV SANCTION TO TEST ......................................................................... 38
APPENDIX 6 – HV CAUTION NOTICE ............................................................................. 40
APPENDIX 7 – MAIN HV CIRCUIT EARTH ...................................................................... 41
APPENDIX 8 – LIVE HV EQUIPMENT NOTICE................................................................ 42
APPENDIX 9 – EQUIPMENT UNDER HV ISOLATION ..................................................... 43
APPENDIX 10 – EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST “NO ACCESS” .......................................... 44
APPENDIX 11 – HV SWITCHING PROGRAM .................................................................. 45
APPENDIX 12 – EXAMPLE OF SWITCHBOARD, CIRCUIT and CABLE NUMBERING . 46
APPENDIX 13 - SAFE EXCAVATION PRACTICE ............................................................ 47
APPENDIX 14 - CABLE SPIKING ..................................................................................... 48
APPENDIX 15 – PREPARING FOR WORK ON HV EQUIPMENT .................................... 50
APPENDIX 16 - AUDIT CHECKLIST ................................................................................ 51

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1 RATIONALE
The safe use and management of electricity and electrical equipment is a
fundamental requirement for all operations.
Effective electrical safety practices are essential in order to:
• ensure safe plant operation and minimise risks to the health and safety of
personnel, damage to the environment or damage to plant as a result of plant
failure
• comply with legal and regulatory requirements
2 POLICY
All electrical systems must be designed, constructed, installed, operated, maintained,
tested and inspected to prevent danger.
Only competent personnel, who have the necessary training and experience to make the
right judgments and decisions and the necessary skill and ability to carry them into
effect, must undertake work that impacts on electrical safety.
Sites must also comply with any relevant local legislation or regulatory requirements in
addition to the requirements defined in this Global Engineering Standard (GES)
3 PURPOSE
The purpose of this GES is to specify the minimum mandatory requirements and
engineering best practices relating to electrical safety at Pharma Supply Chain (PSC) and
Consumer Healthcare (CH) sites.
4 SCOPE
4.1 Within Scope

This GES applies to all electrical systems and equipment on site and associated
practices for installation, maintenance, inspection, testing and operation.
It applies to all Pharma Supply Chain and Consumer Healthcare sites.
It also provides guidance on the engineering requirements for portable electrical equipment
at R&D and Vaccines sites. This will be delivered through the engineering standards
systems operating in those business units.
4.2 Excluded from Scope

None
5 QUALITY COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

There are no quality requirements associated with this GES.

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6 EHS COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

EHS Standard and Guideline on Electrical and Machinery Safety SG 5.16 – specifies
requirements to provide safe systems of work that adequately control the Environment,
Health and Safety (EHS) risks associated with the introduction, operation, cleaning,
maintenance and repair of: electrical systems; machinery; work equipment; buildings; and
building services
This GES meets the requirements of EHS Standard SG 5.16 and sets out additional
mandatory requirements for earthing safety in PSC and CH.
7 ENGINEERING MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS
7.1 Definitions
A list of definitions is provided in Appendix 1. These definitions provide the sense in which
the expressions are used in this GES.
7.2 Responsibilities and Duties
7.2.1 Electrical Safety Management Hierarchy

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7.2.2 Electrical Safety Duty Holder

The Electrical Safety Duty Holder must be a nominated GSK staff member accountable for
ensuring electrical risks are managed to the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably Practicable) level
in line with GSK and legal expectations. Typically, the Electrical Safety Duty Holder will be
the site Engineering or EHS Leader.
The Electrical Safety Duty Holder is accountable for:

• Defining the requirements for managing and controlling electrical safety.
• Ensuring the GSK facility’s compliance with this Global Engineering Standard and
external regulatory requirements for electrical safety.
• Appointing an Electrical Technical Authority.
This includes ensuring:
• All relevant electrical safety hazards are identified;
• Appropriate controls are selected;
• The integrity of the controls is monitored adequately;
• Continuous improvement is sought and applied.
To do this the Electrical Safety Duty Holder should be proficient. This means they should:
• Have appropriate knowledge and be able to demonstrate the skills to undertake their
tasks in the manner required;
• Possess and make available when required evidence of their training, qualifications
and past experience;
• Be able to understand their limitations and, when necessary, obtain external help and
advice.
Please refer to EHS&S document number 1 03 22 GUI WW Duty Holder – Electrical Safety
for further details.
7.2.3 Electrical Technical Authority

Each Site and Electrical Safety Duty Holder must have access to an Electrical Technical
Authority, which is a critical position of Engineering Technical Authority.
An Electrical Technical Authority is an electrical engineer who has been appointed to a
decision-making role as per GES 105 – Technical Authority. He/she will have the necessary
competence and attitude to make good decisions on electrical engineering, that comply
with internal and external requirements.
The Electrical Technical Authority may be a GSK staff member, a complementary worker
or a third-party contractor.
The Electrical Safety Duty Holder making or approving the appointment of the Electrical
Technical Authority must assess the competency of the person to carry out the role
considering qualifications, training and experience.
If Electrical Technical Authority is assigned to an external third party (e.g. contractor,
engineering service provider, vendor, consultant), the Electrical Safety Duty Holder must
take steps to assure themselves that the third-party, individual or organisation is suitable to
provide that technical authority.
The Electrical Technical Authority is responsible for:
• Defining and implementing the requirements for managing and controlling electrical
safety.

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• Ensuring the GSK facility’s compliance with this Global Engineering Standard and
external regulatory requirements for electrical safety.
• Authorising individuals to work on GSK electrical systems.
This includes ensuring:
• All relevant electrical safety hazards are identified;
• Appropriate controls are selected;
• The integrity of the controls is monitored adequately;
• Continuous improvement is sought and applied.
To do this the Electrical Technical Authority must comply with requirements set out in GES
105 – Technical Authority.
7.2.4 Competencies, Training and Appointments

Each site must ensure that electrical engineers, electrical technicians and multi-
discipline technicians who are required to work on electrical systems or equipment are
trained to an appropriate level to ensure they understand the dangers to themselves and
others. The training must be recorded.
A register must be maintained listing:
• Senior Authorised Persons
• Authorised Persons
• Nominated Persons
The register must detail the responsibilities and duties of each person regarding
management of electrical safety.
All appointments must be formalised using a Certificate of Appointment. The certificate must
detail the responsibilities and duties of each person with regard managing electrical
safety.
Typically, the Certificate of Appointment is issued by the Electrical Technical Authority.
The appointee must sign the Certificate of Appointment to acknowledge that they
understand the scope of their responsibilities and duties. The Certificate of Appointment
must be signed by a manager deemed competent to make the appointment.
7.3 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Management

Electricity is a high hazard utility. It has the potential to result in loss of life. As a high hazard
utility, it is identified as one of GSK’s 6 global high severity risks.
EHS Standards and Guideline document SG 2.01 – Risk Assessment and Management,
sets out the expectations and requirements on the identification, assessment and
management of Environmental, Health and Safety risks.
EHS Standards and Guideline document SG 5.16 – Electrical and Machinery Safety,
requires that all EHS risks associated with electricity be identified, assessed, controlled,
recorded and reviewed.
Before any task is undertaken on or near High Voltage or Low Voltage equipment a task-
specific risk assessment must be produced and approved by a competent person.
The risk assessment must identify electrical risks associated with the task and detail the
required control measures necessary to reduce the risk to employees and contractors to

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ALARP (as low as reasonably practicable). To maximise their effectiveness and reliability,
controls should be selected according to the following hierarchy:
The risk assessment associated with the task must always address [as a minimum] the
following electrical risks associated with electrical related works and work in switchroom or
substation environments.
• Electric shock.
• Electric arc flash.

The most effective and preferred measure to eliminate the hazard of electricity is to fully
isolate in line with guidance set out in GES 110 and within this document in sections 7.4, 7.5
and 7.6.
However, achieving a total isolation of all electrical supplies to certain equipment types can
sometimes be very difficult to achieve especially at low voltage.
Engineering controls such as barriers, guards and shrouds should be designed into electrical
equipment to allow safe working in the proximity of electricity.
Other major associated hazards for switch rooms, substations and electrical equipment
include.
• Asphyxiation where gas fire suppression systems exist.
• Exposure to asbestos located in electrical equipment.
7.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

EHS Standard and Guideline SG 3.14 - Physical Agents states: “PPE should be used to
control remaining risks only after all other feasible controls have been applied and includes
items such as hearing protection, protective clothing such as gloves, and footwear that

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serves to provide a barrier between the wearer and the hazardous substance or reduce the
risk of exposure (e.g. static dissipative footwear).
In many cases the use of PPE to reduce exposures below local regulatory limits should only
be as an interim measure until more effective controls can be implemented”.
To comply with both EHS SG 2.01 and EHS SG 3.14, sites must risk assess all electrical
operations and where necessary specify where PPE is required. The degree of protection
provided by PPE must be commensurate with the degree of risk and must comply with local
regulations and standards.
For example, in US locations, OSHA standard 1910.335 – Safeguards for Personal
Protection sets a legal requirement for providing PPE for electrical operations. Guidelines
set out in NFPA 70E must be used to ensure compliance with OSHA Standard 1910.335.
The operation and testing of all HV equipment and LV distribution equipment must, as a
minimum, use the PPE described in the following sections.
7.3.1.1 PPE for Oil Filled Switchgear –

When switching and testing oil filled switchgear and where it cannot be operated
remotely, the following PPE must always be worn:
• flame retardant coveralls rated to 40 Cal/cm2.
• when testing - electricians rubber gauntlets rated for the correct voltage
• Arc flash face visor rated to 40 Cal/cm2.
• UV eye protection
• flame retardant gloves rated to 40 Cal/cm2 when operating the switchgear
• hearing protection
• steel toe-capped footwear
7.3.1.2 PPE for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) and Vacuum Switchgear

When operating and testing SF6 and Vacuum switchgear and where it cannot be operated
remotely or is not Arc Flash rated, the following PPE must always be worn:
• flame retardant coveralls – minimum 4 Cal/cm2
• when testing - insulated rubber gauntlets rated for the correct voltage
• arc flash visor – minimum 4 Cal/cm2
• UV eye protection
• when operating the switchgear - flame retardant gloves – minimum 4
Cal/cm2

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7.3.1.3 PPE for Low Voltage Distribution Equipment

When operating and testing Low Voltage Distribution Equipment, and where it cannot be
operated remotely, the following PPE as a minimum must always be worn:
• flame retardant coveralls – full arm coverage – minimum 4 Cal/cm2
• arc flash gloves – minimum 4 Cal/cm2
• arc flash visor – minimum 4 Cal/cm2
7.3.1.4 PPE Details

PPE must be kept in a safe place and be inspected prior to use.
When carrying out testing of high voltage apparatus, electrical insulated gloves must be
used that are suitably rated for the duty.
Electrician’s rubber gauntlets must be inspected and tested under air pressure prior to use
and must be inspected and tested every 6 months and replaced if necessary.
It shall be the duty of each Authorised Person to ensure that this is done and to report
defects.
7.4 General
7.4.1 Electrical system information

Each site must ensure the provision of adequate system drawings, information, instruction,
training and supervision to their staff in the safe use of electrical systems and equipment.
They must also ensure liaison with a qualified Electrical Engineer regarding new
installations, modifications to existing installations, repairs and maintenance.
7.4.2 Circuit Identification

All electrical supply circuits down to and including final circuits must be uniquely
identified and labelled in a permanent manner. (Further guidance is provided in Section
8.1)
7.4.3 Access to Areas Containing Electrical Switchgear

Access to areas containing electrical switchgear must be locked and access limited to
competent personnel, as detailed on the register described in Section 7.2.2. Other
personnel who require access to the area must always be accompanied by a competent
person.
7.4.4 Approval of New Equipment

Installation of new electrical equipment or modification of existing equipment must be
covered by a change control with the relevant approvals of the site Electrical Technical
Authority or a nominated deputy.

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Electrical equipment must be inspected by a competent person before being

commissioned and only equipment which is designed and installed to be safe to operate
and maintain must be taken into service.
Refer to GES 402 for mandatory requirements and guidance on the selection of High
Voltage equipment.
Removable covers on equipment which give access to live parts must be clearly
labelled warning of the dangers, e.g. “DANGER LIVE TERMINALS” or “BUSBARS
BEHIND THIS COVER”.
Live parts which may be exposed during functional testing and routine access must be
protected to IP2X as a minimum as per IEC 60529. Where NEMA Standards Publication
250 is the normal practice, enclosures must be of NEMA Enclosure Type 1.
For approval of portable electric equipment, refer to GES 403 – Portable Electrical
Equipment.
7.4.5 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment

All electrical equipment must be maintained in accordance with GES 103 – Maintenance
and GES 404 – Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment.
7.4.6 Special Tools and Equipment

Any special tools and equipment, insulating mats, gloves and boots used by personnel
for functional testing or work on live equipment must be approved by the Electrical Technical
Authority and meet minimum International and Local requirements. All materials used in
these items for insulating purposes must be of approved insulation grade.
The user must satisfy themselves, by examination before use, that such equipment is
suitable for the task before any work can begin.
7.4.7 High Frequency Equipment

Adequate barriers must be provided to prevent persons or materials coming within
such proximity to high frequency equipment as might cause danger or injury.
7.4.8 Equipment in Hazardous (Classified) Areas

All equipment in hazardous (classified) areas must comply with GES 107 – Electrical
Equipment for Use in Hazardous Areas.
All equipment in hazardous (classified) areas must be maintained as per GES 404 –
Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment (sections relating to
Hazardous Area Equipment).
Installation or maintenance of hazardous (classified) area equipment must be carried out
by a competent person.
7.4.9 Permits to Work and Sanction to Test

Permits to Work and Sanction to Test must comply with EHS S G 5.14 - Permit to
Work and Safe Systems of Work and GES 113 Permit to Work.
Only one type of the following permits may exist at the same time for the same
equipment:
• Permit to Work

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• Sanction to Test
7.4.10 Transfer of Permits to Work

Where it is necessary to extend the permit timings or transfer a Permit to Work from the
original recipient to a second or subsequent person who is to take charge of or do the work,
then the original permit needs to be transferred or a new permit issued. Each
subsequent person must endorse the Permit to Work to confirm that they fully understand
on which equipment it is safe to work and the extent of the work which has been carried
out.
There may also be site rules and local regulatory requirements which must be adhered to
in addition to the requirements of this GES.
7.4.11 Locks and Keys

Only one unique key must be issued for the operation of each safety lock employed in a
Permit to Work procedure.
7.4.12 Recommissioning Equipment

When functional testing has been carried out, the equipment must not be returned to
service until it has been restored to a safe operational condition. Any Permit to Work or
Permit to Test (Sanction to Test) or equivalent, which may be in force, must be cancelled
or closed.
7.4.13 Contractors
All contractors whose employees are carrying out electrical work or using electrical
equipment must be provided with a copy of this standard or a Local SOP which aligns with
this Global Engineering Standard.
The contractor must ensure that his employees comply with these standards and any
local rules as a condition of the contract.
The site Electrical Engineer may forbid the use of any equipment, including test
equipment, provided and used by contractors if, in his/her professional opinion, it is
unsafe.
7.4.14 Accidents and Incidents

The site Electrical Engineer must review all electrical related accidents and incidents and
consider whether information needs to be communicated more widely within GSK using
the Engineering and EHS Alerts process. There is a duty on all personnel to report
accidents and incidents.
7.4.15 Fault Level and Protection Coordination Study

Each site must have an up-to-date fault study to ensure that the equipment connected to
the system is not overstressed and where applicable can close onto or interrupt any faults
without damaging the equipment.
Each site must have an up-to date protection coordination study to ensure that the existing
electrical protection will operate with minimum disruption to the electrical network.

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7.5 High Voltage Equipment

7.5.1 Definition and Scope
GES 402 – High Voltage Electrical Equipment and Systems defines High Voltage (HV)
as ≥ 1000V a.c.
This GES applies to all HV equipment forming part of the electrical power distribution
system and to any equipment which is connected at HV to that system which is owned
by GSK.
This GES does not apply to HV equipment which is owned and operated by third parties
on GSK property.
7.5.2 Access to Substations or Switch-rooms

Entry into substations or switch-rooms containing HV equipment must be limited to:
• Senior Authorised Persons
• Authorised Persons
• Nominated Persons
• persons accompanied by an Authorised Person
• persons covered by an Access Permit or approved procedure
7.5.3 Working in Substations or Switchrooms

Before any building maintenance or similar work is carried out in substations or
switch-rooms containing HV equipment or in any other place set apart for HV equipment,
a risk assessment and method statement along with limited access permit (See Appendix
4) or an approved equivalent Safety Document must have been issued to the person in
charge of or undertaking the work.
7.5.4 Switching Operations

Only Senior Authorised Persons and Authorised Persons who are suitably qualified and
experienced with the type of switchgear and the supply network shall produce switching
programmes and carry out switching on HV equipment.
A Risk Assessment must be prepared for the operation of electrical equipment.
A Senior Authorised Person may also allow the operation by other trained persons of
control switches or pushbuttons in approved cases for the control of HV switchgear directly
supplying specific items of plant.
A switching programme (See Appendix 11) must be prepared and then checked by
another Senior Authorised Person prior to doing any work on the system and a log must
be kept recording the details of each switching operation. The log must contain times,
dates and signatures and must be available for inspection.
The main elements of a switching Programme are:
• a clear statement of the objective to be achieved
• all the necessary actions, individually itemised, to make the work area safe
• the issue, receipt, clearance and cancellation of all electrical permits
related to the work or relating to its location

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• the testing of the work

• all the necessary actions, individually itemised, needed to restore the system
to its normal operating condition on completion of the work
The routine operational switching of supply to HV equipment for the purposes not
involving permit issue, or in an emergency, may be exempted from this requirement in
approved cases (e.g. starting and stopping of HV motors).
7.5.5 Precautions for Work on HV Equipment

Before any person is allowed to work on HV equipment it must be:
• isolated from all points of supply including voltage and auxiliary transformers
and common neutral equipment from which the equipment may become live
• secured at all points of Isolation with Safety Padlocks and identified with HV
Caution Notice(s) (see Appendix 6) prominently displayed
• proved dead as close as possible to the point of work by an approved type of
voltage indicator which must itself be tested immediately prior to and
immediately following its use
• without delay after proving dead it must be discharged to earth through a
circuit breaker operated remotely if possible or via an appropriately rated
fault-making switch, where possible
• Earthed with approved equipment at such points as are necessary to ensure
an effective earth is maintained throughout the duration of the work (Note:
hand applied additional earths may be used to maintain an effective earth
at the point of work) Any Main Safety Earth shall be of sufficient construction
and terminating arrangement so as to withstand the flow of fault current
should the circuit become inadvertently energised
• Identified at all points of Main Safety Earthing with HV Circuit Main Earth
notices, (see Appendix 7). These must be prominently displayed and secured
with Safety Padlocks
• the keys for all padlocks at the Points of Isolation and Circuit Main Earths
shall then be locked in a lock-out box. The lock- out box must be locked
using a suitable safety lock and the key to this lock retained by the person
issuing the HV Permit to Work. Individuals carrying out work on the
equipment must also apply their personal lock and personal danger tag to
the lock-out box
A Senior Authorised Person or an Authorised Person must ensure that all the above steps
have been properly carried out and must ensure that equipment to be worked on is safe
and fully isolated from all points of supply. They must also ensure that danger notices have
been prominently displayed on adjacent live equipment (see example notice in Appendix
8).
They must then issue a HV Permit to Work (see example in Appendix 3) to the authorised
person in charge of or doing the work.
The person receiving the HV Permit to Work shall ensure that they and their work crew
fully understand what is written on the document, where all the Points of Isolation are and
where the Circuit Main Earths have been applied. They must also satisfy themselves that
they understand what equipment is safe to work on and what equipment is not.

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At their discretion, the person receiving the permit may request a demonstration that the
equipment is safe to work on.
The person receiving the HV Permit to Work must sign the permit and its copy to
confirm that they fully understand the work to be done.
Refer to the Flow Chart of Appendix 15 for the process when preparing for work on HV
equipment.
The HV Permit to Work must define:
• the equipment on which it is safe to work
• where isolations have been made
• where earths have been fitted
• the limitations and extent of the work to be done
• the person in charge of or doing the work
• the lockout box number and key number
• further precautions to be taken
The HV Permit to Work must be retained at the work location while work is proceeding.
Where the duration of the work is more than one day, the precautions must be re-
confirmed each day before work starts to verify that the equipment is safe to work on.
An earth must be maintained on HV equipment while work is proceeding, unless the
equipment has been bodily removed from its normal live position or in cases where the
Senior Authorised Person has approved the omission of the earth for testing to be
undertaken.
HV equipment must not be made live after work until the following procedure has been
carried out:
• the authorised person in charge of or doing the work has
withdrawn their workers and signed the Clearance Section of the
HV Permit to Work to the effect that the workers have been
withdrawn, and all gear and tools are cleared from the work area
• the Senior Authorised or Authorised Person has examined the
work, has removed all earths and Caution/Safety notices applied
under the Permit and is fully satisfied that it is safe to make live
and has cancelled the HV Permit to Work
All HV Permits to Work must be retained for a minimum period of 3 years.
Limited Work/Access Certificate.
In approved cases where the work is concerned only with earthed metal parts of
equipment and no conductors are or can be exposed or where the equipment is
bodily removed from its normal live position, then there is no danger from the system and
the work can be undertaken under a Limitation of Access Document, (sometimes referred
to as a Limited Work Certificate).
The Senior Authorised Person must assess the work scope, equipment and environment
and specify when a Permit to Work is not required and a Limited Work Certificate can be
used.

GlaxoSmithKline

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7.6 Low Voltage Distribution Equipment

Low Voltage (LV) distribution equipment extends from the source of the LV supply down
to the switchboards and Motor Control Centres (MCCs) feeding plant service equipment.
The Senior Authorised Person must define the extent of the LV distribution equipment.
7.6.1 Work on, or in the Vicinity of, LV Distribution Equipment

The Senior Authorised Person must define those cases where working in a substation,
switchroom, or area containing LV distribution equipment needs to be accompanied. The
Accompanying Person must be able to substantially contribute towards the implementation
of safe working practice including avoiding danger.
Building maintenance or similar work near any LV distribution equipment must comply with
an approved procedure.
7.6.2 Switching Operations

Only Authorised Persons must carry out switching operations on LV distribution
equipment.
The Senior Authorised Person may also permit the operation by other trained persons of
control switches or pushbuttons in approved cases for the control of LV distribution
equipment directly supplying specific items of plant.
7.6.3 Precautions for Work on LV Distribution Equipment

Before any person is allowed to work on LV distribution equipment it must be:
• isolated from all sources of supply including voltage and auxiliary
transformers and common neutral equipment from which the equipment may
become live,
• secured at all points of Isolation with Safety Padlocks and identified with LV
Caution Notice(s) prominently displayed
• proved dead as close as possible to the point of work by an approved type of
voltage indicator which must itself be tested immediately prior to and
immediately following its use
• earthed if required under the instruction of the Senior Authorised/Authorised
Person. Any earths required shall be done using approved equipment at such
points as are necessary to protect the workforce. (Note: hand applied additional
earths may be used to maintain an effective earth at the point of work) Any Main
Safety Earth shall be of sufficient construction and terminating arrangement so as
to withstand the flow of fault current should the circuit become inadvertently
energised.
• identified at any points of Main Safety Earthing with Circuit Main Earth notices.
These must be prominently displayed and secured with Safety Padlocks
• securely locked off at all points of supply by safety locks provided for the

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purpose, the keys of which shall then be locked in a lock-out box. The lock- out
box must be locked using a suitable safety lock and the key to this lock retained
by the person issuing the Permit to Work. Individuals carrying out work on the
equipment must also apply their personal lock and personal danger tag to the
lock-out box. This follows the same process for Lock-Out / Tag-Out (LOTO) as
described in GES 110 – Machinery Safety.
• where the equipment could be charged by mutual inductance, earths must be
provided at the point of work.
An Authorised Person must ensure that all the above steps have been properly carried
out and that the equipment to be worked on is safe. The Authorised Person must also
ensure that danger notices have been prominently displayed on adjacent live equipment.
The Authorised Person must then issue a Permit to Work to the person in charge of or
doing the work.
All LV isolations must be demonstrated to the permit receiver(s) to prove the isolation is
secure. The person receiving the Permit to Work must sign the permit and its copy to
confirm that they fully understand the work to be done and on which equipment they are
permitted to work.
The Permit to Work must define:
• the equipment on which it is safe to work
• where isolations have been made
• where earths have been fitted, if any
• the limitation and extent of the work to be done
• the person in charge of the work
• the lockout box and key number
• further precautions to be taken
The Permit to Work must be retained at the work location while work is proceeding.
Where the duration of the work is more than one day, the precautions must be re-
confirmed each day before work starts to verify that the equipment is safe to work on.
All work areas must be checked at the start of any work activities to ensure conditions
have not changed from those identified on the permit.
LV distribution equipment must not be made live after work has been done until the
following procedure has been carried out:
• the person in charge of or doing the work has withdrawn their workers and
signed the Clearance/Complete section of the Permit to Work to the effect
that the workers have been withdrawn, and all gear and tools are clear
• an Authorised Person has examined the work, has removed all earths
(where fitted) and temporary notices and is fully satisfied that it is safe
to make live and has then cancelled the Permit to Work
All Permits to Work must be retained for a minimum period of 3 years.

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Limited Work/Access Certificate.

In approved cases where the work is concerned only with earthed metal parts of
equipment and no conductors are or can be exposed or where the equipment is
bodily removed from its normal live position, then there is no danger from the system and
the work can be undertaken under a Limitation of Access Document, (sometimes referred
to as a Limited Work Certificate).
The Senior Authorised Person must assess the work scope, equipment and environment
and specify when a Permit to Work is not required and a Limited Work Certificate can be
used.
7.7 Plant Service Equipment
7.7.1 Isolation of Plant Service Equipment and Precautions for Work

All electrical work performed on Plant Service Equipment must be carried out under a
suitable Permit to Work
When isolating machinery, the Lock-Out / Tag-Out (LOTO) procedures described in GES
110 – Machinery Safety must be followed.
Detailed understanding of the equipment is necessary to decide when local equipment
isolation is appropriate or whether the main feed to the equipment requires isolation at
source.
Before any person is allowed to work on Plant Service Equipment it must be:
• switched off and isolated from all sources of supply
• proved dead by an approved type of voltage indicator which must
itself be tested immediately prior to and immediately following its use
• identified with caution notices prominently displayed and secured at all
points of isolation
• securely locked off at all points of supply by safety locks provided for
the purpose, the keys of which shall then be locked in a lockout box
Only Authorised Persons or Nominated Persons must carry out the above operations and
restore the circuits.
For any work which potentially involved working on or near electrical equipment which
has not been isolated from all sources of supply (e.g. fault finding, functional testing), the
requirements of Section 7.7 for live working apply.
Functional testing must only be carried out by Authorised Persons or Nominated
Persons, using tools and measuring instruments designed for the purpose.
Repair works arising from functional testing must be carried out in accordance with these
requirements.

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7.8 Work On or Near Live Conductors
7.8.1 General
Work must not be carried out on or near exposed live HV conductors forming part of the
electrical distribution system.
Work on or near any exposed live LV conductors must not be carried out unless it is
absolutely necessary.
Note:
Work on equipment protected to IP2X does not constitute live working.
7.8.2 Live Equipment

Equipment having live conductors exposed to touch must not be moved or left unattended
unless it is assessed as safe by completion of a risk assessment.
The minimum precautions to be taken when such equipment is left unattended must
comprise the provision of danger notices and sufficient locked enclosures or barriers to
prevent access.
Instructions on how the equipment may be isolated must be prominently displayed.
Periodic inspections of the equipment and of the safety precautions taken must be arranged
by the person in charge.
7.8.3 Procedure for Work On or Near Live Conductors

Live work must only be allowed when the following conditions are met:
• it is unreasonable for the conductors to be made dead
• it is unavoidable for the Nominated Person to work on or near exposed live
conductors
• suitable precautions (including, where necessary, the use of suitable
protective equipment) are taken to prevent danger
Before any work on or near exposed live conductors is undertaken, a risk assessment
must be completed to justify the need for the work and to identify any precautions that
must be taken.
The electrical aspects of the risk assessment must be carried out by an Authorised
Person, incorporating any advice provided by a Senior Authorised Person.
Live working on LV systems must only be carried out by a Nominated Person or
Authorised Person to a safe system of work or approved procedure in compliance with the
risk assessment.
Live working on Plant Service Equipment must be carried out by a Nominated Person or
Authorised Person to an approved procedure in compliance with the risk assessment.
Unless otherwise approved, live working must only take place within a temporary or
permanently designated area.
The Senior Authorised Person must define those cases where live working requires an
Accompanying Person.

June 2021 GES 406 3 21 of 51
Where necessary to prevent danger, suitably insulated barriers or screens must be used
during live working.
Approved insulating mats, tools and test equipment must be used as necessary to
prevent danger.
ELV systems (other than battery systems as defined by the Electrical Engineer) are
exempt from these live working procedures.
7.9 Generating Plant

The requirements of this section must be applied to all electrical generators. This includes
generation that may be installed in parallel with the site main electrical system, with
other forms of generation, or stand-alone units intended to connect to dead busbars.
Work on such generators and directly connected equipment must be carried out in
accordance with Sections 7.3 to 7.8 of this GES, as appropriate. In addition, the following
precautions must be taken:
• the generator must be at rest unless the Permit to Work allows the
work to be carried out while the generator is on the barring gear.
• the field circuit must be isolated and locked off where it is energised
from a separate supply. Where motor driven exciters are provided,
the switch controlling the motor must be opened and secured.
• the valves controlling the motive power to the prime mover must be
locked in the closed position and, in the case of internal combustion
engines, the starting equipment must be made inoperative
• suitable notices must be prominently displayed at all points of isolation
7.10 Cables and Overhead Lines
7.10.1 General
Before any intrusive work is undertaken on cables, a task specific written Risk Assessment
and Method Statement must be undertaken by the authorised person for the work to be
done.
Before any work is undertaken on cables they must be clearly identified, isolated, proved
dead and earthed at the remote ends by a suitably qualified Senior Authorised or Authorised
Person. All work on cables must be done under the site Permit to Work System.
The application of the Permit to Work shall be in accordance with the requirements of
GES113 and EHS SG 5.14 Permit to Work and Safe Systems of Work.
7.10.2 Buried and Hidden Electrical Cables

The Electrical Duty Holder and Electrical Technical Authority must ensure that adequate
procedures are in place to determine the location of buried and hidden electrical cables
before any excavation or work that penetrates a permanent or temporary surface. E.g.
drilling into walls and floors.

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It is the responsibility of all sites to ensure that they have up to date, accurate plans and
drawings of buried and hidden electrical cable routes and that cable locations are suitably
identified along their route both internally and externally to buildings.
Before work involving the driving of any stake, rod or other earth penetrating object or
commencing any excavation, the position and depth of buried cables within the vicinity must
be established using a Cable Avoidance Tool and exploratory hand digs.
Before work involving the penetration of a permanent or temporary surface, such as drilling
or cutting a cable avoidance tool or cable locating devices must be used to ensure no
electrical cables are at risk of being hit.
When using plan drawings to identify cable routes and testing to establish underground
cable routes, care should be taken to ensure that ‘pull-pits’ or cable loops that extend outside
the direct route, have been correctly identified.
7.10.3 Excavation
Once the Risk Assessment has been completed and drawings/plans and a locator device
have been used to determine the position of underground services, excavation may
proceed.
NOTE: - Hand excavation only is allowed within the vicinity of buried cables. Mechanical
excavation is not permitted with 1.5m of electrical cables.
Excavation work should be carried out carefully, following recognised safe digging practices.
i.e. See Appendix 13 for guidance on cable excavation.
The site excavation permit procedure must be followed, and an excavation permit issued.
For further information on excavation permits, see:
EHS SG 5.14 Permit to Work and Safe Systems of Work – GES113
GES 606 – Construction and Demolition Works
No person shall in any way interfere with a cable or remove any cable cover, warning tile
or other protection unless specifically authorised to do so by a Senior Authorised Person.
7.10.4 Precautions
Work on cables must comply with Sections 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5 of this GES. In addition, the
following precautions must be taken:
• The cable in question must be shown to follow the precise route
identified on the cable location plan and must bear the appropriate
circuit or cable reference
• The cable must be physically traced from its source of supply to the
point of work, the remote ends of the cable must be identified using an
approved electrical method
• For non-faulted cables, using a n approved cable detector, the
appropriate cable must first be shown to be ‘Live’ and following isolation
of the circuit shown to be ‘Dead’. The detector must be tested both
before and after the cable identification. Detectors that rely on the
detection of the electromagnetic field generated by load current should
not be used as cables may be ‘Live’ but not carrying load current
• For faulted cables where it is not possible to make them ‘Live’ by use of
an approved signal injection device connected at the point of isolation

June 2021 GES 406 3 23 of 51
of the cable, the cable must be identified by detecting the field

generated along the cable from the injected signal to the point of work
• Where the work involves a working voltage ≥ 24V a.c. or d.c, the cable
must be spiked by a Senior Authorised Person or suitably qualified
and experienced contractor under the supervision of a Senior
Authorised Person using an approved type of cartridge type or
hydraulic cable spiking device
Refer to the section below and Appendix 14 for the correct procedure to be followed for
cable spiking.
7.10.5 Cable Spiking

As final verification of the cable being identified correctly and ‘Dead’ and, subject to the
requirements of exemptions from Spiking listed in ‘Note 3’ below and in Appendix 14, the
cable should be spiked using an approved spiking device at any point at which the cable is
to be cut. The purpose of cable spiking is to prove that the cable spiked is not ‘Live’. While
spiking provides evidence of the state of the cable, it shall not be taken as sole proof of the
identity of the cable;
Note: -
1. Any cable that cannot be traced along its route e.g. underground services or
congested above ground routes must be spiked if the cable is to be
cut/removed/jointed,
2. Approved Cable Spiking equipment can be either Hydraulic or Explosive Charge
type, dependent upon the size and type of cable to be spiked,
3. Cable Spiking with either of the above equipment types should not be carried out
in areas designated as explosive atmosphere areas unless the area has been
tested using a gas meter and a hot work permit is issued.
The spiking device must be applied to the cable by or under the Personal Supervision of
the Senior Authorised Person issuing the Safety Document.
The spiking operation itself shall be carried out by the Senior Authorised Person or under
their Immediate Supervision.
Procedure for Spiking of Cables: -
Refer to Appendix 14 of this document for the cable spiking procedure.
A Permit to Work which may also include Hot Work Permit & HV Permit where necessary
shall be issued by the Senior Authorised Person for the Spiking operation to be undertaken.
On completion of the cable Spiking, the Permit to Work which may also include Hot Work
Permit & HV Permit shall be cancelled, earths will be applied to each end of the cut cable
and a new Permit for Work shall be issued to allow work on the cable(s) to proceed.
7.10.6 Overhead Lines

Where overhead lines exist, no person shall work in their vicinity unless a safe
system of work has been provided in full compliance with local statutory regulations.

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Where local statutory regulations do not exist, a risk assessment must be completed by a
person competent in the dangers associated with overhead lines.
7.11 Tests and Test Equipment
7.11.1 General
This section covers the use of testing equipment where the testing equipment itself can
be dangerous or where the equipment to be tested can be in a dangerous condition
by virtue of the testing procedure.
Phasing out on live HV or LV distribution equipment must only be performed by an
Authorised Person using approved test equipment and wearing appropriate PPE and the
procedure in Section 7.10.3 need not apply. This activity requires an Accompanying
Person, who must also be wearing appropriate PPE if they are near the testing activity.
7.11.2 Test Equipment

The user must prove by examination before use, that the test equipment and special tools
are suitable for use and within any applicable test period.
7.11.3 Test Procedure

Where danger can arise from the use of test equipment or from the testing procedures,
the following requirements must be applied:
• tests must be carried out in compliance with an approved procedure
• the equipment must be isolated from all points of supply and proved dead
in accordance with Sections 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5
• the testing must take place within a temporary or permanently designated
area
The following precautions must be applied to testing of HV equipment:
• A Permit to Test (Sanction to Test) signed by a Senior Authorised Person
stipulating the conditions to be observed, including which earths may be
removed, must be issued to the person doing the testing, who must be
an Authorised Person or Nominated Person
• Equipment for which a Permit to Test (Sanction to Test) has been issued
comes under the temporary control of the recipient of the permit, who may,
without further reference to the Senior Authorised Person, operate the
equipment and remove earths in accordance with the Permit to Test (Sanction
to Test). He / she must be responsible for coordinating all such operations
on the isolated equipment for ensuring safety during the tests
• On completion of the testing, the person holding the Permit to Test (Sanction
to Test) must withdraw all personnel from the equipment. He / she must then
sign off the permit stating which, if any, earths have been re applied, and
return it to the Senior Authorised Person

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7.12 Fire Protection for Electrical Equipment
7.12.1 Fixed Automatic Equipment

Before entry is made into any zone protected by automatic fire extinguishing equipment
which poses an asphyxiation hazard, the automatic control must be rendered inoperative.
Where the automatic control equipment has been rendered inoperative it shall be
isolated under a suitable permit and an impairment notice raised. The automatic fire
extinguishing system must be restored as soon as work is complete.
Precautions taken to render the automatic control inoperative must be noted on the
document issued for work in the protected zone.
7.12.2 Portable Fire Fighting Equipment

Portable water or foam fire-fighting equipment must not be used on electrical equipment
unless such equipment has been made dead.
This is particularly important to site Emergency Response Teams/First Responders who
may be unaware of the risks associated with the electrical network.
Note: - HV substations must be fully isolated by an authorised person prior to the entry of
Emergency Response Teams.
7.12.3 Action After a Fire

After any fire, or after the discharge or extinguishing equipment in an enclosed space,
the space must be thoroughly ventilated before entry. Before personnel entry into the
affected area, tests must be carried out to prove that there are no harmful or toxic gases
present or there is enough oxygen to support human life. If this is not possible, entry must
only be by suitably trained staff wearing approved breathing apparatus.
7.13 Temporary Installations Including Construction Sites

Where temporary installations are provided, these must be in accordance with the
general requirements of IEC 60364 - Electrical Installations for Buildings and subject to
local procedures for operation.
Maintenance of such installations must be in accordance with GES 404 – Maintenance,
Inspection and Testing of Electrical Equipment.
Electrical supplies utilised for construction or demolition works must be in accordance with
GES 606 – Construction and Demolition Works.
7.14 Decommissioning
All new or temporary electrical supplies within a decommissioning area must be installed on
clearly marked routes or use coloured sheathing to distinguish them from redundant cabling.
The Senior Authorised Person / Electrical Engineer / Project Manager must ensure that a
survey is carried out to identify redundant main cables within a decommissioning area. All
cables found must be clearly identified on the cable schedule, drawing or record.
Where redundant cables are spiked in accordance with Section 7.9.5, significant lengths
must be removed near their source and destination. The Electrical Engineer or Project

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Manager must ensure that the associated cable schedule, drawing or other record is
updated to reflect any disconnection.
Where equipment is to be removed, cables must be cut within the switchroom or substation
so that the equipment is demonstrably disconnected from the system.
Where Plant Service Equipment is to be removed, it must be managed in accordance with
the approved site procedure for dealing with removal of cable from Plant Service Equipment
and sources.
8 ENGINEERING BEST PRACTICE

8.1 Circuit and Cable Identification
8.1.1 Identity Code for Switchboards, Motor Control Centres and Distribution
Boards
The identity code for boards comprises:
Firstly, the building number of the source of the electrical energy, i.e. where the distribution
board is located,
Secondly, a letter indicating the class of distribution, viz
• P Three Phase Distribution
• S Single Phase Sub-circuits
• T Trace Heating
Thirdly, a consecutive serial number of the distribution boards within the building concerned.
For example, the busbar of a motor control centre may be identified as follows:
In this example, the motor control centre is located in Building 168, it is operating on a three
phase supply and it is the second switchboard or distribution board in Building 168.
8.1.2 Identity Code for Three Phase Circuits

The circuit number of three phase circuit supplying a plant item (e.g. a pump), no matter
where the plant item is located, may be as follows:

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From this circuit number, we know that the MCC is in Building 168, it operates on a three
phase supply on the second switchboard, motor control centre or distribution board in
that building, and that the pump is supplied from circuit 1 on that MCC.
8.1.3 Identity Code for Single Phase Circuits

The circuit number of single phase circuit supplying, say, a socket outlet circuit, may be
as follows:
L2
In this example, the socket outlet circuit is supplied from a single phase distribution board
located in Building 169, it is the second switchboard, motor control centre or distribution
board in the building and the circuit supplying the socket outlets is on the ‘L2’ phase. Also,
it is the first way on the distribution board.
8.1.4 Cable Identification

From the circuit identity code, the cable identity codes can be identified as follows:
The Class of Cable is defined by a letter and is determined by the type of circuit as
follows:
• H High Voltage Distribution
• M Medium Voltage Distribution
• P Power

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• C Control
• L Lighting
• T Trace Heating
The Cable Number is a consecutive number and depends on the number of cables in the
circuit.
An example can be seen in Appendix 12.
9 REFERENCES
9.1 EHS SG 2.01 Risk Assessment and Control
9.2 EHS SG 3.14 Physical Agents
9.3 EHS SG 5.14 Permit to Work and Safe Systems of Work
9.4 EHS SG 5.16 Machinery Safety
9.5 1 03 22 GUI WW Duty Holder – Electrical Safety
9.6 GES 103 Maintenance
9.7 GES 110 Machinery Safety
9.8 GES 113 Permit to Work
9.9 GES 402 High Voltage Equipment and Systems
9.10 GES 403 Portable Electrical Equipment
GES 404 Maintenance, Inspection and Testing of Electrical
9.11
Equipment
9.12 GES 405 Earthing
9.13 GES 606 Construction and Demolition Works
9.14 OSHA standard 1910.335 Safeguards for Personal Protection
9.15 UK Electricity at Work Regulations 1989
UK HSE Publication: Working Safely Near Overhead Electricity Power
9.16
Lines http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/ais8.htm

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APPENDIX 1 - DEFINITIONS
Access Permit/Limited Work Certificate

A Safety Document signed by an Authorised Person for work in HV or LV substations or
compounds when a Permit to Work (HV) or Permit to Test procedure is not applicable. It is
given to the suitably trained, competent and qualified person in charge of or doing the work
and defines the location of the work, the work to be carried out and the precautions to be
taken to avoid danger.
Accompanying Person
An assistant who:
• is in attendance during work on a system when or where his/her presence
can substantially contribute to the safety of the work being carried out
• can summon and/or render prompt assistance in the event of an emergency
• has completed an emergency first aider course
• has been trained to recognise and take the appropriate action in the event of danger
Additional Earth
Earthing equipment of an approved type applied where necessary to a system or equipment
which is already earthed.
Approved
“Approved” as applied to electrical equipment means, that:
• a certification organisation accredited by a recognised Standards Council has
certified such equipment in accordance with the requirements of
(i) GMS Global Engineering Standards; or
(ii) Other recognized documents where such Global Engineering Standards do
not exist or are not applicable; or
• such equipment conforms to the requirements of the Local Regulatory Authority
Authorised Person
A suitably qualified and experienced person, appointed to carry out certain duties, as specified
on a certificate of appointment.
Caution Notice
An approved form of notice prominently displayed and secured on the electrical equipment at
the point of isolation warning against interference.
Competent Person/Competent Personnel
A suitably qualified and experienced person appointed to carry out certain duties. e.g. a
person may work for the original equipment manufacturer or hold accreditation to work on
certain types of equipment.
Danger Notice
An approved form of notice prominently displayed on live electrical equipment prohibiting work
on that equipment, or any part of the equipment.
Electrical Engineer

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An engineer who is trained and has suitable experience and skill in electrical engineering
and is fully conversant with local electrical regulations and standards in the region. The
competent electrical engineer also understands the dangers of the electrical equipment and
systems on the site.
Electrical Work
Design, construction, installation, commissioning, maintenance, testing and operation of
electrical equipment and systems.
Electrical Technician
A technician formally trained in electrical systems and equipment. The formal electrical
training allows the technician to understand the dangers and make appropriate judgment to
ensure they do not endanger themselves or others.
Equipment
Includes anything intended to be used or installed for use to generate, provide, transmit,
transform, rectify, convert, conduct, distribute, control, store, measure or use electrical energy.
Extra Low Voltage (ELV)
Voltage in a system not normally exceeding 50 volts ac or 120 volts (ripple free) dc.
Functional Testing
The measurement of circuit parameters, observation of operational performance and the
adjustment of pre-set controls where no live conductors are exposed to touch.
High Voltage (HV)
Voltage in a system normally above 1000 volts ac or 1500 volts dc.
IP2X
In accordance with IEC 60529. Protection against hazardous parts by insertion of:
• a finger (a jointed test finger of 12mm diameter and 80mm length)
• a solid object of 12.5mm diameter
• a sphere of 12.5mm diameter
Isolation
Disconnection and separation of equipment from every source of electrical energy in such a
way that this disconnection and separation remains ‘effective, safe and secure’.
Live
Equipment connected to a source of electrical supply or subject to hazardous induced or
capacitive voltages. Generally, ‘live’ refers to a conductor or conductive part intended to be
energised in normal use, including a neutral conductor and conductive parts connected to a
neutral conductor.

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Live Working
Work carried out on or near live conductors, where the ingress protection does not meet
IP2X (exposed to touch).
Lock-out Box
A lockable facility for holding keys, fuses etc. An example is: multi-lock box - a lock-out box
used in a multi-locking system.
Low Voltage (LV)
Means the voltage in a system normally above extra low voltage but not exceeding 1000
volts ac (or 1500 volts dc) between conductors, or 600 volts ac (or 900 volts dc) between
conductors and earth.
Multiskilled Technician
A technician possessing or trained in more than one skill or area of expertise.
NEMA
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association in the United States, which is responsible
for the development and management of the NEMA standards
NEMA Enclosure Type 1
Intended for indoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against (hand) contact
with enclosed equipment.
Nominated Person
A person with sufficient knowledge and experience of electrical equipment, to carry out
specific duties, as specified on a certificate of appointment.
Permit to Test (Sanction to test)
A Safety Document signed by a Senior Authorised Person and given to the person doing
the testing for the purpose of making known the equipment which is to be tested and the
conditions under which such testing is to be carried out.
Permit to Work
A Safety Document signed by an Authorised Person and issued to the person in charge of or
doing the work for the purpose of making known the equipment on which it is safe to
work, specifying the work to be carried out and the actions taken to achieve Safety from the
System.
Plant Service Equipment
All LV and ELV equipment other than LV distribution equipment. This does not include any
equipment supplied from High Voltage.
Portable Electrical Equipment
Defined in GES 403 – Portable Electrical Equipment,
Equipment that is not part of a fixed installation but is intended to be connected to a fixed
installation, or generator, by means of a flexible cable and either a plug and socket, or a spur
box, or similar means. This includes equipment that is either hand-held or hand-operated
while connected to the supply, intended to be moved while connected to the supply, or likely
to be moved while connected to the supply. The electrical supply to the equipment is
assumed to be a voltage that can give a fatal shock to a person, i.e. more than 50 volts ac or
120 volts dc.
Prescribed Area

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An area marked out by temporary or permanent barriers and danger notices to prevent
unauthorised access.
Project Manager
A project manager is a professional in the field of project management.
Qualified Person
A person who has the training, knowledge and ability to carry out a specific duty. Qualified is
also used to denote an academic qualification.
Safety Lock
A padlock, which has a single, unique key used to control a point of isolation.
Safe System of Work
A structured approach to carrying out jobs safely. It includes risk assessment, hazard
removal, precautions, supervision and auditing including PTWs.
Senior Authorised Person
A competent, formally trained person with adequate and suitable knowledge of site electrical
systems who is responsible for operation and administration of all electrical equipment
including High Voltage Apparatus. Responsibilities include writing and issuing and/or
verification and signature of Safety Documents for work directly on High Voltage Apparatus
and equipment or conductors.
Substation
A room/area where electricity is transformed for distribution.
Switching
Operation of circuit breakers, isolators, disconnectors and/or the application of earths.
Switching Off
The disconnection and separation of equipment from every source of electrical energy for the
purpose of work, which does not require access to exposed conductors, in such a way that this
disconnection and separation remains ‘effective, safe and secure’.
Switching programme
A schedule of switching operations on distribution equipment on which the date, time and
person carrying out the operation is recorded.
System
An electrical system in which all the electrical equipment is, or may be, electrically connected
to a common source of electrical energy, and includes such source and such equipment.
System includes circuits, cables, overhead and underground services, electrical and
electronic equipment, irrespective of the applied or produced voltage and whether battery
or mains powered.

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APPENDIX 2 – MODEL CERTIFICATE OF HV AUTHORISATION
CERTIFICATE OF HV AUTHORISATION
Part A: Details
Name: Date:
Company: Authorising Officer:

Part B: Training
Part C: Leve l of Authority
Part D: Area of Authority
Part E: Duration of Authority
Part F: Receipt of Certificate of Authorisation
I acknowledge receipt of this certificate of HV Authorisation and hereby declare that I have read and fully
understood GES 406 Electrical Safety and associated documentation. I agree to carry out the duties as
specified defined in Parts C – E.
Signed: Date:
Part G: Issue
I hereby authorise [Insert Name] to carry out duties as [Level of Authorisation] in accordance with the GES 406
Electrical Safety and as specified defined in Parts C – E.
Signed: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 34 of 51
APPENDIX 3 – HV PERMIT TO WORK
Permit Number: YY / NUMBER

Permit to Work
Key Number:
HV PERMIT TO WORK
1. ISSUE: To in charge of the work.
I hereby declare that the following High Voltage Apparatus in the area specified is dead, Isolated
from all Live conductors and is connected to Earth:
TREAT ALL OTHER APPARATUS AND AREAS AS DANGEROUS

The Apparatus if efficiently connected to EARTH at the following points:
The points of isolation are:
SAFETY LOCKS and CAUTION NOTICES have been posted at all points of
isolation. Further Precautions:
The following work is to be carried out:

June 2021 GES 406 3 35 of 51
DIAGRAM ATTACHED Yes / No
Signed: Time: Date:
1. RECEIPT: I accept responsibilities for carrying out the testing on the Apparatus detailed on
this Permit to Work and no attempt will be made by me or by people under my charge to
work on any other Apparatus or in any other areas.
Signed Time Date:
Note: After signing the receipt, this Permit to Work shall be retained by the Person in charge
at the place where the work is being carried out until work is complete and the clearance
section is signed.
2. CLEARANCE
The work for which this Permit to Work was issued is now suspended* / completed* and
all people under my charge have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to work
on the Apparatus detailed on this Permit to Work
All gear and tools have been removed.
Additional Earths have been removed.
* Delete words not applicable and where appropriate
state: The work is complete* / incomplete* as follows:
Signed: Time: Date:
3. CANCELLATION
This Permit to Work is cancelled:
Signed: Time: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 36 of 51
APPENDIX 4 – LIMITED WORK / ACCESS CERTIFICATE
Limited Work Certificate

Number: YY / NUMBER
LIMITED WORK CERTIFICATE
1. ISSUE: in
charge of the work.
Location:
Plant / Apparatus identification:
Work to be carried out:
Limits of working area:
Any further precautions taken to avoid any hazards:
Signed: Time: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 37 of 51
2. RECEIPT: I accept responsibilities for carrying out the work on the Apparatus
detailed on this Access Certificate and no attempt will be made by me or by people
under my charge to work on any other Apparatus or in any other areas.
Signed Time Date:
Note: After signing the receipt, this Access Certificate shall be retained by the Person in
charge at the place where the work is being carried out until work is complete and the
clearance section is signed.
1. CLEARANCE
The work for which this Access Certificate was issued is now suspended* / completed* and
on the Apparatus detailed on this Access Certificate.
* Delete words not applicable and where appropriate
state: The work is complete* / incomplete* as follows:
Signed: Time: Date:
2. CANCELLATION
This Access Certificate is cancelled:
Signed: Time: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 38 of 51
APPENDIX 5 – HV SANCTION TO TEST
Sanction to Test Sanction Number: YY / NUMBER
Key Number:
ELECTRICAL SANCTION TO TEST
1. ISSUE: To in charge of the testing.
I hereby declare that the following High Voltage Apparatus in the area specified is dead, Isolated
from all Live conductors and is connected to Earth:
TREAT ALL OTHER APPARATUS AND AREAS AS DANGEROUS

The Apparatus if efficiently connected to EARTH at the following points:
These Earths may be removed and reapplied as necessary while the sanction is in force
The points of isolation are:
SAFETY LOCKS and CAUTION NOTICES have been posted at all points of
isolation. The following testing has to be carried out:
Signed: Time: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 39 of 51
1. RECEIPT: I accept responsibilities for carrying out the testing on the Apparatus detailed on
this Sanction to Test and no attempt will be made by me or by people under my charge to
work on any other Apparatus or in any other areas.
Signed Time Date:
Note: After signing the receipt, this Sanction to Test shall be retained by the Person in charge
at the place where the work is being carried out until work is complete and the clearance
section is signed.
2. CLEARANCE
The work for which this Sanction to Test was issued is now suspended* / completed* and
on the Apparatus detailed on this Sanction to Test
* Delete words not applicable and where appropriate state:
The work is complete* / incomplete* as follows:
Signed: Time: Date:
3. CANCELLATION
This Sanction to Test is cancelled:
Signed: Time: Date:

June 2021 GES 406 3 40 of 51
APPENDIX 6 – HV CAUTION NOTICE

June 2021 GES 406 3 41 of 51
APPENDIX 7 – MAIN HV CIRCUIT EARTH

June 2021 GES 406 3 42 of 51
APPENDIX 8 – LIVE HV EQUIPMENT NOTICE
LIVE
HV EQUIPMENT
Before working on or testing this

Equipment obtain a “Permit to Work ”
or “Sanction to Test” from a HV

June 2021 GES 406 3 43 of 51
APPENDIX 9 – EQUIPMENT UNDER HV ISOLATION
“Permit to Work”
“Sanction to Test”

June 2021 GES 406 3 44 of 51
APPENDIX 10 – EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST “NO ACCESS”
LIVE
TESTING IN PROCESS
ACCESS ONLY TO

GlaxoSmithKline

June 2021 GES 406 3 45 of 51
APPENDIX 11 – HV SWITCHING PROGRAM
HV SWITCHING PROGRAMME
Sheet 1 of 2
ITEM LOCATION EQUIP. IDENTIFICATION OPERATION TOOLS & EQUIPMENT REQ’D TIME & DATE OPERATOR

GlaxoSmithKline

June 2021 GES 406 3 46 of 51
APPENDIX 12 – EXAMPLE OF SWITCHBOARD, CIRCUIT and CABLE

NUMBERING

June 2021 GES 406 3 47 of 51
APPENDIX 13 - SAFE EXCAVATION PRACTICE
Hydraulic excavating equipment and hand-held power tools are the main source of damage to cables
and danger to personnel and they should not be used close to underground services.
Trial holes should be dug as required using hand tools to confirm the position of any buried services.
Special care should be taken when digging above or close to the assumed lines of any cable routes.
Hand tools, incorrectly used, are a common cause of accidents. However, if they are used carefully
and if the approximate position of cables has been determined using plans and locators, these tools
provide a satisfactory method for exposing underground services.
Guidance on excavation techniques:
• Spades and shovels should be used in preference to other hand tools.
• They should not be thrown or spiked into the ground. Rather, they
should be eased into the ground with gentle foot pressure.
• Picks, pins or forks may be used with care to free lumps of stone and
other materials and to break up hard layers.
• Picks should not be used in soft clay or other soft soils in areas close to
buried services.
• Every effort should be made to excavate alongside the cables rather

than directly above them.
• Final exposure of the cable by horizontal digging is recommended as

the force applied to hand tools may be controlled more effectively.
If excavation work is being undertaken in the vicinity of live cables, then the use of insulated hand tools
is strongly recommended.
As a minimum, all tools and implements used for excavating cables must be fitted with insulated
handles

June 2021 GES 406 3 48 of 51
APPENDIX 14 - CABLE SPIKING
Note:-
1. Any cable that cannot be traced along its route e.g. underground services or
congested above ground routes must be spiked if the cable is to be
cut/removed/jointed,
2. Approved Cable Spiking equipment can be either Hydraulic or Explosive Charge
type, dependent upon the size and type of cable to be spiked.
3. Cable Spiking with either of the above equipment types should not be carried out in
areas designated as explosive atmosphere areas unless the area has been tested
using a gas meter and a hot work permit is issued.
As final verification of the cable being identified correctly and dead and, subject to the requirements
of (i) or (ii) below, the cable must be spiked using an approved spiking device at any point at which
the cable is to be cut.
The spiking device must be applied to the cable by or under the Personal Supervision of the Senior
Authorised Person issuing the Safety Document.
The spiking operation itself must be carried out by the Senior Authorised Person or by a suitably trained
and experienced Authorised person under their Immediate Supervision.
Exemption from Spiking: -
The cable may be cut without the requirement for the cable to be spiked, if it is established that there
can be no error in the identification of the cable by it being physically traced over its whole length from
the point of work to:
i. A termination where either an Earth is applied, or the terminal
switchgear/apparatus has been proved not Live; or
ii. A point on the cable which has previously been identified and the conductor
has been traced from its terminations to this point,
Procedure for Spiking of Cables: -
The purpose of cable spiking is to prove that the cable spiked is not ‘Live’.
While spiking provides evidence of the state of the cable, it shall not be taken as sole proof of the
identity of the cable.
Normally a Sanction to Test should be issued by the Senior Authorised Person for the Spiking operation
to be undertaken. The wording on the Safety Document must include all actions necessary to complete
the required tests, e.g. carry out cable identification, establish insulation conditions before and after
spiking, identify cable cores after cutting.
The spiking device shall be of an Approved type and shall be used in accordance with the relevant
manufacturer’s instructions.
1) Caution: Use of an explosive cartridge type of Spiking Gun shall only be undertaken by a Senior
Authorised Person trained in its use and the operation shall always be carried out remote from
the device using a lanyard.
2) Use of a Hydraulic type of Spiking Gun shall only be undertaken by a Senior Authorised Person
who is trained in its use and the operation must be carried out remote from the spiking device.
3) The insulation condition of the cable cores should be checked before carrying out the Spiking
exercise.

June 2021 GES 406 3 49 of 51
4) Primary earths should then be applied to each end of the identified cable prior to Spiking the
cable(s).
5) After spiking, the insulation conditions of the cable cores shall be re-checked to from the ends
of the cable to ensure that the cable to be worked on has been shorted to earth by the spike. If
no change of insulation conditions is evident, consideration shall be given to the possibility that
either:
a. The wrong cable has been spiked in which case the procedure shall be suspended
and consideration given to the possibility that the cable that has been spiked is
the wrong cable; or
b. The spike has not penetrated the cores of the cable, in which case a further spiking
operation with a second spiking device shall be undertaken. Insulation conditions
shall again be re-checked to ensure that the cable to be worked on has been
shorted to earth by the spike. If there is still no change in insulation conditions and
there is any doubt as to whether the cable is HV or LV, the spiking device and the
cable shall be treated as ‘Live’. The Primary Earths shall be re-applied. If the
spiked cable is assumed to be a low voltage cable, local network checks shall be
carried out to ascertain if any supplies have been lost due to tripped circuit
breakers or blown fuses.
6) Site Operations should be checked after the cable has been spiked to ensure that no protection
devices have operated, and no areas have been disconnected from supplies as a result of the
spiking
7) The Primary Earths must be re-applied to the cable ends and secured before the spiking device
is removed from the cable,
8) The cable may now be cut by the Senior Authorised Person, or by an Authorised Person under
the Personal Supervision of the Senior Authorised Person. The initial cut into the cable must be
carried out using a hydraulic cutter head with a foot pump or battery-operated unit to remove
the person cutting the cable as far from the location as is reasonably practicable.by, or under
the Personal Supervision of, the Senior Authorised Person issuing the Safety Document. This
also applies to the first cut into each core of a group of single core cables.
9) Subsequent cuts into the cable may be carried out by, or under the Personal Supervision of the
Safety Document recipient, providing that the cable can be physically traced from the proposed
cut to a point as per (i) or (ii) above.
Identification of cables or cores through visual tracing is not acceptable if the cable is hidden from view
for any distance, no matter how short.
The positively identified cable must be suitably marked by paint or tape or similar means at the point
of work by the Senior Authorised Person issuing the Permit to Work prior to work commencing on the
cable(s).
When single core cables which are part of the same circuit are to be worked on, every core to be
worked on must be spiked.
Once the cable spiking has been completed the Sanction to Test should be cancelled and a Permit to
Work shall be issued to allow work on the cable(s) to proceed.

June 2021 GES 406 3 50 of 51
APPENDIX 15 – PREPARING FOR WORK ON HV EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX 15A. PREPARING FOR WORK ON HV EQUIPMENT
Does the work involve HV equipment that is NO

‘connected’ to the system? i.e. Is there a
danger to the workforce from the system?
YES
The work must be done under NO Can the risks be controlled under a
a Permit to Work document Limited Access Certificate or an SOP?
YES
The Authorised Person issues a

The Senior Authorised Person must carry out a Task Specific Limited Access Certificate or an
Risk Assessment for the Scope of Work to be undertaken. SOP for the work to be done
The Senior Authorised/Authorised Person Prepares a

Switching Programme for the Isolation & Earthing.
The Senior Authorised/Authorised Person

checks the Switching Programme
NO The Permit Receiver & the working party

review the PTW with the Issuer and check
the Scope of Work, all Points of Isolation,
Circuit Main Earths and PPE.

June 2021 GES 406 3 51 of 51
APPENDIX 16 - AUDIT CHECKLIST

Appendix 16 is the Audit Checklist: This contains the mandated requirements (Section 7) list which must
be used.
An editable downloadable version of the Audit checklist can be found in the Engineering Technical Library
folder alongside this GES document


ES 406 - Electrical Safety - Ver 3

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GlaxoSmithKline

Global Engineering Standard

Title: ELECTRICAL SAFETY

CONTROLLED COPIES OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE ACCESSED FROM A CONTROLLED SERVER.

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Section 4 Replaced GMS with Pharma Supply Chain (PSC) and

General References to GES 105 have been removed

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01 Feb-13 First issue of this Global Engineering Standard

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4.1 Within Scope

4.2 Excluded from Scope

5 QUALITY COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

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6 EHS COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS

7 ENGINEERING MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

7.2 Responsibilities and Duties

7.2.1 Electrical Safety Management Hierarchy

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7.2.2 Electrical Safety Duty Holder

The Electrical Safety Duty Holder is accountable for:

7.2.3 Electrical Technical Authority

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7.2.4 Competencies, Training and Appointments

7.3 Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Management

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• Electric arc flash.

• Asphyxiation where gas fire suppression systems exist.

• Exposure to asbestos located in electrical equipment.

7.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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7.3.1.1 PPE for Oil Filled Switchgear –

7.3.1.2 PPE for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) and Vacuum Switchgear

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7.3.1.3 PPE for Low Voltage Distribution Equipment

7.3.1.4 PPE Details

7.4.1 Electrical system information

7.4.2 Circuit Identification

7.4.3 Access to Areas Containing Electrical Switchgear

7.4.4 Approval of New Equipment

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Electrical equipment must be inspected by a competent person before being

7.4.5 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment

7.4.6 Special Tools and Equipment

7.4.7 High Frequency Equipment

7.4.8 Equipment in Hazardous (Classified) Areas

7.4.9 Permits to Work and Sanction to Test

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7.4.10 Transfer of Permits to Work

7.4.11 Locks and Keys

7.4.12 Recommissioning Equipment

7.4.14 Accidents and Incidents

7.4.15 Fault Level and Protection Coordination Study

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7.5 High Voltage Equipment

7.5.2 Access to Substations or Switch-rooms

7.5.3 Working in Substations or Switchrooms

7.5.4 Switching Operations

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• the testing of the work

7.5.5 Precautions for Work on HV Equipment

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