UNIVERSITY OF BAGUIO

Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory Science
HEMATL1_LCA (Lecture)
Ms. Earlinda Sanzches
Common Prefixes and Suffixes
• Sulfhemoglobin (Sulfur radical) – green color if separated
in the blood
Physical Characteristic of whole blood
• Viscosity: 3-5 x more viscous than water
• Coagulate between 5-10 minutes after removal in the
body
• pH: 7.35-7.45
• Sp. Gravity: whole blood – 1.048-1.066
Serum – 1.026 -1.031
RBC – 1.092 – 1.095
• Volume: 5-6 liters (7-8% of total body weight)
Male: 76 ml/kg body wt
Female: 68 ml/kg in wt
Blood pH levels

*Metabolic or Respiratory

• 6.8 and 7.8 – still compatible to life

Example:
• Panmyelosis
Pan - All
Myelo – Bone Marrow
Osis – abnormal Increase
• Thrombophlebitis
Thrombo – clotting of blood
Phle – vein
Itis- inflammation
• Anisocytosis -
A/an – absence
Iso – uniform/equality
Cyt – cell
Osis – abnormal increase
• Dysmyelopoiesis
Buffers in the blood:
An abnormal increase on all • Plasma protein
bone marrow elements • Hemoglobin
• Phosphate (PO4)
• Bicarbonate (HCO3) – most important buffer to maintain
Inflammation of vein due to the normal pH level
blood with in • NaHCO3 – main buffer which is maintain at the normal
ration
➢ HCO3:H2CO3 ratio is 20:1 – both neutralize each
Increase variation in size other
Or increase in the lack of ➢ HCO3 react with water to form carbon dioxide
uniformity
Amount of Blood
Vol – M: 6-7 L total blood V

F: 5-6 L total blood V

• Leukocytopenia • Normovolemia - Normal blood volume

• Hypervolemia – increase in blood
volume
• Hypovolemia – decrease in blood v

Study of Blood and its characteristic

What is the color of blood? Composition of blood
• Hemoglobin gives pigment to color of blood which is red
• Oxyhemoglobin (lungs) - arterial blood; bright red or • Liquid – plasma (55%)
scarlet red ➢ Proteins 7%
• Deoxyhemoglobin (tissue exchange to CO2) – Venus ➢ Water 91-92%
blood; dark red ➢ Other solution 2%
ABN • Solid – formed elements/hemocytes (45%)
• Carboxyhemoglobin (hb+CO) – cherry red ➢ Platelets <1%
• Methemoglobin/Hemiglobin/Oxidizehemoglobin ➢ Leukocytes <1%
(hb[Fe+]) – brown blood or chocolate brown ➢ Erythrocytes >99% - most abundant of the blood
cell
 • Heparin – natural anticoagulant

Clotting Factor

• Activation of clotting will overwhelm the heparin after

removal of blood in the body

Blood dust (Hemoconia) – damage cells

PLASMA SERUM
Unclotted 1.Preparation Clotted blood
Add anticoagulated Non-anticoagulated
Lighter yellow in 2. physical Darker yellow in
color Appearance yellow
More turbid in Clear yellow in
appearance appearance
3. chemical
Fewer platelets composition More platelets
(activation of
platelets)
Platelet derivatives
Contain Fibrinogens Factor Don’t contain
(I,V,VIII,XII)

• Hypervolemia – excessive intake of water that result increase

in plasma water • Hydrostatic – outward that push away plasma fluid
• Hypovolemia – dehydration; decrease plasma water • Oncotic – inward pressure / opposing pressure
➢ Hyperviscous– malapot ➢ Without albumin

GLOBULINS:

• Alpha and bet – function in transport

• Gamma (immunoglobulins) – production in
antibodies

Fibrinogen and Prothrombin – clotting

• Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) – Fibrin clot;

converted by thrombin (from prothrombin II)

Platelets – function in Hemostasis

WBC – function as defense

➢ Neutrophils and monocyte - Most active

phagocyte
➢ Hemural – antibodies production (B cells)

RBC – function in oxygen transport