3RD NOVEMBER

PAST TENSES

PAST SIMPLE ( PERFECT COMPUS)

AFF: S+VERB 2- REGULARS : VERB 1+D/ED
- IRREGULARS: 2ND FORM
INT: DID+S+VERB 1
NEG: S+DID+NOT (DIDN'T) +VERB 1
INT-NEG: DID+S+NOT+VERB 1
DIDN'T+S+VERB 1

DEFINITIONS: 1. PAST, FINISHED ACTION, WHOSE TIME IS

STATED OR UNDERSTOOD; SOMETIMES THE LOCATION IS
MENTIONED AND TIME IS NOT NEEDED:
I LEFT MY UMBRELLA AT WORK (YESTERDAY)
I SAW TOM AT THE CONCERT
2. PAST HABITS THAT ARE NO LONGER TRUE OR PAST
STATES: I LIVED IN NEW YORK. NOW I LIVE IN
BERLIN
3. WITH INDIRECT SPEECH VERBS:
TOLD/SAID/ASKED/CLAIMED/THOUGHT...
MOM TOLD ME TO FINISH MY HOMEWORK.
4. ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED ONE AFTER THE OTHER IN
THE PAST: I WOKE UP AT 7 AND TINA CAME FROM
WORK AND WE HAD BREAKFAST/ WE WOKE UP, GOT
DRESSED AND LEFT. (STORY BACKGROUND)

WORDS USED WITH PAST SIMPLE: YESTERDAY/ TWO DAYS

AGO/ 5 MONTHS AGO/ AGES AGO/ LAST MONTH/ LAST
SUMMER/ IN FEBRUARY/ IN MAY/ IN 2010/ ON MONDAY/ ON
22ND OCTOBER/ PAST ACTION (WHEN/AT THE AGE OF)
I LEFT MY NATIVE TOWN IN 2007/ WHEN I WAS 15/ AT THE AGE
OF 15/ AFTER GRADUATION

PAST CONTINUOUS ( IMPERFECT)

AFF: S+WAS/WERE( TO BE )+ ING VERB
INT: WAS/WERE+S+ING VERB
NEG: S+WAS/WERE+ NOT ( WASN'T/WEREN'T)+ING VERB
INT-NEG: WAS/WERE+S+NOT+ING VERB
WASN'T/WEREN'T+S+ING VERB
DEFINITTIONS:
1. PAST ACTION IN PROGRESS HAPPENING AT A PARTICULAR
TIME IN THE PAST:
I WAS WATCHING TV LAST NIGHT AT 9.
2. TEMPORARY PAST ACTIONS:
I WAS LIVING WITH MOM BECAUSE MY FLAT WAS NOT
FURNISHED.
3. A PAST ACTION IN PROGRESS, INTERRUPTED BY A
SHORTER PAST ACTION (PAST SIMPLE):
TOM WAS EATING WHEN I CALLED HIM.
4. IN STORIES, FOR BACKGROUND INFORMATION: THE KIDS
WERE PLAYING, THE BIRDS WERE CHIRPING AND
EVERYBODY WAS HAPPY.
5. TWO SIMULTANEOUS ACTIONS IN PROGRESS IN THE PAST:
MOM WAS COOKING WHILE DAD WAS VACUUMING AND WE
WERE DOING HOMEWORK

WORDS USED WITH PAST CONTINUOUS:

AT THIS TIME+ YESTERDAY, LAST MONDAY...
AT 4 O'CLOCK
WHEN
WHILE
PAST SIMPLE WORDS FOR BACKGROUND INFORMATION
I WAS WALKING IN THE FOREST, THE TREES WERE BENDING
LIKE TRYING TO SALUTE LAST SUMMER

EXCEPTIONS: STATE VERBS: WE USE PAST SIMPLE INSTEAD OF

PAST CONT.
I WANTED TO TALK TO MARY BUT SHE WAS TALKING TO OUR
BOSS.
HABITS FROM THE PAST. NOT RELATED TO PRESENT. NO
LONGER TRUE
VERB 2= USED TO+VERB 1- FOR ALL VERBS
WOULD+ VERB 1 ONLY FOR MOVEMENT VERBS/NOT
FOR STATE VERBS
I RAN IN THE PARK DAILY WHEN I LIVED IN PARIS
I USED TO/WOULD RUN IN THE PARK DAILY WHEN I LIVED IN
PARIS

I WAS FAT BUT I LOST WEIGHT

I USED TO BE FAT BUT I LOST WEIGHT.

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (MMCP/PERFECT COMPUS )

AFF: S+HAD+VERB 3-REGULARS: VERB1+ D/ED
IRREGULARS: 3RD FORM
INT: HAD+S+VERB3
NEG: S+HAD+NOT (HADN'T)+VERB3
INT-NEG: HAD+S+NOT+VERB3
HADN'T+S+VERB3
DEFINITIONS: PAST ACTIONS THAT HAPPENED BEFORE
ANOTHER PAST ACTION OR PAST MOMENT
WE HAD LEFT THE PARTY BEFORE THEY DECIDED TO CUT THE
CAKE.

WORDS USED WITH PAST PF S: BEFORE/AFTER/BY THE

TIME/WHEN

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (MMCP/PERFECT COMPUS)

AFF: S+HAD+BEEN+ING VERB

INT: HAD+S+BEEN+ING VERB
NEG: S+HAD+NOT (HADN'T) + BEEN+ING VERB
INT-NEG: HAD+S+NOT+BEEN+ING VERB
HADN'T+S+BEEN+ING VERB
DEFINITIONS: A PAST ACTION THAT BEGINS IN THE PAST AND
CONTINUES UP TO ANOTHER ACTION/MOMENT IN THE PAST
( A PAST CONTINUOUS ACTION HAPPENING BETWEEN 2 PAST
MOMENTS):
WE HAD BEEN WATCHING THE FILM FROM 2 TILL 5 WHEN MOM
DECIDED TO TURN OFF THE TV.
THEY HAD BEEN PRECTISING FOR A MONTH WHEN THEY
COMPETED IN THE CHAPMPIONSHIP
SOMETIMES, THERE ARE VISIBLE RESULTS IN THE PAST:
SHE WAS ANGRY. SHE HAD BEEN FIGHTING WITH HER MOM.
THE KITCHEN WAS A MESS. MOM HAD BEEN MAKING
LASAGNA.

WORDS USED WITH PAST PF CONT:

FOR/SINCE/WHEN/BEFORE/BY THE TIME/ALL DAY...