) wibdcis Definition of Modals Basically, verb. eg. (i) He can do this work. (ii) She may pass the exam. (iii) They would appear in the party. In the above sentences, the bold words are main verbs in the sentence. modals are auxiliary verbs that express the mode of action denoted by the main modals. They express the mode of action of the {_can, could, may, might, would, should, must, shall, wil, need, dare, ought to, used to, ) Uses of Modals The usage of these modals are as given below Can ‘Can’ is used in the following ways * To express ability or power. (i) He can read this language. (Ability) (ii) He can lift this heavy box. (Power) * To express permission. (i) You can eat this chocolate. (ii) She can never enter this house. Could ‘Could’ is used in the following ways * To show power or ability in past. (i) She could dance well in youth. (Ability) (ii) We could complete this task. (Power)222 Allynone English ~ Class 7th * To show possibility in past. (i) She could buy a pen if she had money. (ii) Ramu could play cricket if there had been no rain. * To make a polite request. (i) Could you help me now? (ii) Could they spare that meat? * To show condition, (i) If we had got up earlier, we could have completed this. (ii) We could have seen the match if there had been (Condition) electricity supply. May ‘May’ is used in the following ways + To express permission, possibility. (i) May | go there? (ii) It may rain heavily. (Possibility) *+ To express wish, prayer. (i) May you live long ! (Wish) (ii) May God bless you with fortune ! (Prayer) + To express purpose. (i) She works that she may prosper. (ii) We study that we may pass in the exam. Might ‘Might’ is used in the following ways * To show permission, possibility in the past (i) The leader told us that we might spend this amount. (Permission) (ii) | might be sent to the hostel. (Possibility) * To express purpose in the past. > (i) He wore a scarf that he might not burn his skin. (ii) We rushed that we might not miss our ti * To make a request. (i) If possible, you might bring me a glass of water. (i) Condition allowing, they might be seeking a favour from me. + To make suggestion or criticism, (i) They might look for other venues. (ii) She might have picked other issues. Would "Would’ is used in the following ways + To show past habit and unreal condition. (i) He would rise at § 0’ Clock. (Past habit) (ii) What would you like to have? Tea or coffee. (Suggestion) (Criticism) + To make a polite request. (i) Would you lend me your pen? (ii) Would you give me your scooter? Should or Ought to ‘Should’ is used in the following ways * To express duty and obligation. {i) The police should protect us. (Duy) (ii) You should respect your parefits. (Obligation) * To show advice, suggestion. (i) They should follow the rules. (Suggestion) (ii) You should take medicine. (Advice) * To express imagination. {i) Should you lose your money, go to ATM. (ii) Should you forget password, retry then, + To express probability, polite command. (i) She should be in the library. (Probability (ii) You should play the game fairly. (Polite command) Must ‘Must’ is used in the following ways * To show prohibition, compulsion. (i You must not touch this. (Prohibition) (ii) She must feel sorry for you. (Compulsion) * To show necessity or obligation. (i) Team must win the game. (Necessity) (ii) You must pay your bill on time. (Obligation) + To show the strong advice (i) Police must take care of emotions of the criminals. (ii) Leaders must promise what is viable to them Shall/Will ‘Shall’ and ‘Will are used in the following ways * Shall 1st person subject-l, We * Will 2nd and 3rd person subject - You, he, she, i they. But, to show the emphasis, it can be interchanged with each other. Therefore, when one needs to show determination then the usage with the auxiliary would be * Will 1st person subject-I, we ‘+ Shall 2nd and 3rd person subject - You, he, she, they.(1 shal eo, (Simple future) (ii) I will go. (Determination) (ii) She will win, (Simple future) (iv) She shall win, Need ‘Need’ is used in the following ways «To express prohibition. (She need not use that computer. (i) They need not manipulate the files. + To express doubt (i) Need | go there, (il) Need we plan in advance. (Emphasised act) Allinone Modals 223 + To express a negation with interrogation. (i) How dare you touch my pen? (ii) She dare not play tennis with me. Used to + To express a past habit. (i) She used to go to perform in movies or a dramas. (ii) | used to play cricket in 2005. * To express a habit of present that has its roots in the (i) My grandfather is not used to sweets. i) Lam used to a life full of struggle. Chapter Practice 1. Choose the most suitable answer to fill in the blank. Write its number (a), (b), (c) or (d) in the answers. (You are late. You... hurry. (@) can (0) must (©) will (@ may Wf I have a piece of cake, please?” | asked. (@) Shall (0) May {c) Will (@) Must (Wh The litle boy ...... speak very well. (@) would (&) can (©) shall (@) need (iyf We didn't have a car before. Now that we have a car, we ...... drive to many places. (@) need (b) may (c) might (@) can rou keep the scissors away from the baby. (a) should (©) will () need (@) may (vi) You....... go home if you have completed your work. (@) shall (b) may (©) need (6) might i) That plug is faulty. You ...... touch it. (@) musta't (b) needn't (©) couldn't (d) won't i) The two boys ...... do well in the examinations. ‘They are studying very hard. (@) must (©) will (©) shall (@) need (0), That man ...... be Mr Bo. Mr Bo is overseas. (@) shan't (b) needn't (©) can't (6) won't (%) Don't listen to everything he says. He ...... be wrong. (@) shall (b) can (©) must (@) need 2. Choose the most suitable answer to fill in the blank. Write its number (a), (b), (¢) or (d) in the answers. () He's still not here. He ...... have met with an. accident. (@) should (©) can (©) might (A) shall Iwish I...... be as intelligent as Einstein. (a) must (0) could (c) should (@) shall (iii) We ...... bring any money because admission istree. (a) mustn't (b) couldn't (¢) can't (@) needn't (iv) This ...... be your book. It has your name on it (a) can (6) shall (6) need (o) must224 Allzone English ~ Class 7th (v) You ..... sleep early so you can wake up early. (@) should (b) might (© will (d) need (vi) He ...... run very fast. He wins competitions easily. (a) would (©) can (c) shall (d) may (vii) Please lower your voices so that the baby ses HOt be awakened. (@) ought (b) may (©) must (@) could (vil) The dog ...... have eaten the food! | saw it near the food a while ago. (@) must (b) ought (©) can (A) shall (x) You...... to knock before you enter. (@) shall (b) ought () may (@) would (x) She ...... most certainly help you if you ask her. (@) could (b) ought (c) will (d) may 3. Use appropriate modals of probability, permission, obligation etc to fill in the blanks. () Every Body......fulfl his or her duties towards the country. (i) The computer isnot” working. The (¥) | am not the right person to. give you. permission to go. You......... ask the Manage, (vi) Vibha is not home today. She ......have gong for dance practice. wi) I request you to show me this fle? (ui) It is raining cats and dogs. This ........; cause flood in many areas. a (2) He is not in his cabin. YOU. .nnn..Check i he is there in the lobby. ®) J, please, make’ a’ call from your phone? 4. Use appropriate modals of desire, determination, necessity, prohibition etc tofillin the blanks. () Lescnnsunlik@ 10 go for boating as well as diving. (i) HOW....en.uhe enter my room? (ii) Shipra applies sunscreen lotion everyday that SHE... snseNOt Get her skin tanned. (i) We focus on our studies that We......u.Ndt fail in our examinations. (V), Let whatever hardships may come in our way. ‘One day, we. ‘overcome. (vi) His goggles are kept in the cupboard, but NObOAY.... net touch them. (vil) He.... ...never allow anybody to wear them, (vii) Sheveta isa little snobbish and naughty gir. We... .not prank at her. She will get angry. supervisor, call an engineer, today. aa vies (ii) Tre 7 is completed ae a () = eee ene Ur, SHE. reonCOME iv) Sugan if i cess oie ae ae (0) svnonsnnrYOU like to try your hand at chess, madam? Answers 1. () (0) must (i) (&) may 3. () must (vi) must ii) (0) can (iv) (d) can (ii) might (vil) May (¥) (@) should (wv) (b) may (i) may (vill) can/may (vii) (@) mustn't (vill) (c) shall (iv) must (ix) can (&) (©) can't (%) (6) can ™ may (%) Could 2. (i) (©) might (ii) (b) could 4. (i) would dares (iil) (d) needn't (iv) (d) must (i) dare (vii) would (W) (@) should (i) (b) can (i) may (vil) need (vii) (b) may (vill) (a) must (iv) may (i) shall (8) (b) ought ®) (© will () shallfwill () Would