MODALS | (PART-I) Will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, need, used to, can, could, dare are called Modal Auxillaries and ‘are used with the Principal verb that follows them, Together with the Principal verb, they express the mode of the ‘action 'denoted by the verb. They express such ideas as ability, probability, possibility, command, duty, permission etc. WILL (Negative : Will not) : ‘Will’ in the assertive sentence with second and third persons indicates' simple futurity without reference to the wish of the agent. Examples: He will do it in no time: This tree will bear fruit.in.a couple of years. ‘Will’ in the first person is used to denote : (a) determination : She will fight to the finish. (b) promise : I will help you in any situation. (c) a threat : I will punish you if you repeat the same act. (d) a wish : I will buy a Mercedes Benz in future. : Note : ‘Will’ is never used with the first person in the interrogative sentences. SHALL (Negative : Shall not) : ‘Shall’ in the assertive sentences with the first person. gives information (about the fature action; as : Examples: I/We shall complete this chapter tomorrow. ‘Shall’ in the second and third person is used to denote : A), TE (a) promise : He/she/you shall have the first division. (b) command : He shall do it. (©) threat : He/She shall be punished if he/she repeats the same mistake. (d) determination : They shall defend their team however bad they play. Note : Use ‘Will’ when in doubt.WOULD (Negative : Wouldn't) : ‘The past form of ‘will’ is ‘would’. Would’ is used to express (a) a past habit : Renu would always sing old filmy songs at night. (b) a polite request : Would you pass that fork, please? (©) an imaginary condition : I would buy a new bungalow if I won a lottery. SHOULD (Negative : Shouldn't) = ‘Should’ is the past tense form of ‘Shall’. ‘Should’ is used to express : (a) duty or obligations in all persons : Examples: We should help the poor. We should not disrespect others. (b) logical inference, supposition, assumption, possibility. Examples: If it should rain the flight will be cancelled. (probability) I think she should be at home now. (possibility) (c) purpose after ‘lest’ (in expressions of fear). Example: Concentrate, lest you should trip and fall. MAY (Negative : May not) : As a principal verb ‘May’ is used to denote (a) permission, doubt/uncertainty and possibility. Examples: May I leave now? Yes, you may. (permission) She may arrive at the airport in time if she hurries. (doubt) ity) (b) as an auxillary verb to express a wish, a purpose etc. It may not rain today. (possi Examples: May you live longer. (wish) She works efficiently that her job may continue. (purpose) MIGHT (Negative : Might not) : As a principal verb ‘Might’ is used to denote permission, possibility; in questions to make requests, purpose etc. Examples: If she wished she might come tomorrow. Might I borrow your pen for a second? You might make a little less effort to dig a hole. ‘Might’ is sometimes used to express approach. Example: She might tell him the secret she has in her brain,WORKSHEET - C15 Roll. Nout s.ss.ss0.4 Marks’ obtained: Name: .. A. Choose the correct modals from the options given below to fill in the blanks : 1 | I i 1, T swoon succeed or die in the attempt. | (a) will (b) shall ; (©) would (@ should ' 2 Tov have attended the meeting yesterday, but I forgot all about it. i (2) shall (b) might | (©) will (@) should } 3. You ~ ~~ never learn it, though you ye try your best, (a) will; would (b) shall; should i (©) may; might (@) will; should I i 4, After lunch she eeccooonm have a short nap. | (a) will (b) might ! (©) would (@) should ; 5 viuw We earty this box into the house for you? | (a) shall (b) will | (©) may (@) might | 6. The 088 rn dismiss you if you come late again. ; (a) may (b) will (©) shall (@) would 1 Members f -. not borrow more than two books at a time from the rary. (a) may (b) might (©) will (a) must not overlook us. 8. Gaurav stepped aside so that Minakshi ..... (a) will (b) shall (©) might (@) could 9. He . .. have used the money for paying the debts instead of buying a new car. (a) should (b) would (d) may (c) mightth ‘will’ or ‘shall’ : B. Fill in the blanks . be happy to see you. 1. We we have such a kind soul again. 2. Never, ever .n be punished for having done all this. 3. You 4, As you wish, I ... go there. 5. What .... we do today? we go out to the river? 6, I fear, I be late for school. never want. 7. He who wastes not, . you sing at the concert tomorrow evening? Yes, I 8. Fill in the blanks with ‘would’ or ‘should’ : Bee it. 1. We hid it carefully so that none .. be satisfied. 2. I did it in order that all cima help me. 3. She promised that she .. 4, you mind not smoking here in the waiting room? 5. They shot the tiger lest he not do it unless you were to order him to do it. 1 @8¢ape: 6. He 7. He ran fast lest he miss the train. 8. If he heard of her marriage, he . be surprised, D. Fill in the blanks with ‘may’ or ‘might’ : refuse, 1. Iwas afraid that if I asked her again, she’... . happen. 2. I'm afraid that something serious .. lead a horse to the water but you cannot make it to drink, 3. You 4. She not have spoken the:truth. 5. She .. enter college next year. 6. If he had wished he . have gone yesterday. . be away from home tomorrow. 7. He live, 8. They died that we ....MODALS (PART-ID) — CAN (Negative : Can not): ‘Can’ is used as a Principal verb to express : (a) power/ability Example: I can keep awake the whole night. (b) permission Example: Can I go no? (©) possibility Example: Anyone can do it, don’t worry. COULD (Negative : Couldn't) : ‘Could’ is used to express : (a) ability/capacity in the past Example: I could play for hours in my childhood. (b) polite request Example: Could you wait for a'sécond, please? (c)_ possibility (under certain conditions) Example: If he had money, he could get his highter education in England. MUST (Negative : Mustn’t) ? ‘Must’ is used to express : (a) compulsion/strong moral obligation Example: Children must obey their parents. (b) fixed determination Example: I must get back my first position in the ‘class. (©) duty Example: A judge must be upright. (@) certainty/likelihood Example: She must be up by this time. (e) inevitability Example: We all must die. OUGHT TO (Negative : Ought not to) : ‘Ought to’ is used to express desirability, moral obligation and duties, Ought is a defective verb. It can indicate present or future time. It takes an Infinitive as an object. Example: ‘We ought to love our neighbours. ‘Ought to’ have with a Past Participle is used to indicate a past obligation that was not fulfilled or carried out. Example: She ought to have helped me. “English — VII‘Ought to’ expresses duty, inner conscience, an advice and a sensible action. It has the same sense as should. ‘Ought’ is also used to give advice. Example: The players ought to practise for more than six hours. NEED (Negative : Needn’t) : Note : When need = stand in need of, require, it has III person singular present tense “needs, Examples: | need to play more. She needs a little rest. The anomalous finite ‘need’ is not used in the affirmative. It is only used in the, negative and interrogative. It forms its Third Person Singular, Present ‘Tense, with ‘s’ and takes as its object an Infinite without to; Example: She needn't write all of them, but she must write the last two. The regular verb can be used in the Past Tense with a ‘to’ — infinitive. Example: They didn’t need to work so hard. USED TO (Negative : didn’t use to) : ‘Used’ is anomalous and has the negative ‘usedn't’ or ‘didn’t use to’ and the interrogative ‘used’. In tag-questions and responses, however ‘did’ often replaces used. ‘The Past Tense used expresses what was repeatedly seen or done during a period of time in the past. Example: They used to go swimming every morning. Used to = be accustomed to; as, Examples: When I lived here, many years ago, there used to be a well near the temple. Tm not used to a harsh hot climate. HAVE TO (Negative : Haven't) : ‘Have to’ is used to indicate obligation. Example: Today, we have to attend a wedding. DARE (Negative : Dare not) : ‘Dare’ means ‘to have courage’ and is generally used in the negative and interrogative. Present Tense : Example: I never dare to say things like that, do I? The verb ‘dare’ (=Venture, have courage) has the form singular, present tense, when it is followed by a negative. Example: She dare not oppose us. Past Tense : ‘dare’ for the third person Example: They were afraid of an accident. They dared not go very fast Interrogative : Example: How dare you insult your mother like that? eeWORKSHEET — C16 [Marks obtained: Name: | Class: Roll No, A. Choose the correct answers from the options given below to fill up the blanks : ae pats Thave that dictionary, please? (a) Must (b) Could (©) Ought (@) Need 2. My grandmother is over eighty but os... still read without glasses. (a) used to (b) need © can @ must 8. TREE oeennmnnnenn b@ a music shop here before the Metro was built. (a) ueed (b) could (©) used to @) can 4. It mm 0 be done with great care. (a) can (b) must (©) needs (@) used 5. She veers have obeyed her husband. (a) ought to (b) need to (©) used to (@) have to 61. ... be in the office at ten instead of nine tomorrow. (a) used to (b) have to (©) ought to (@) need to 7. He doesn’t... . to ring her up again, does he? No, he doesn’t. (a) dare (b) have (©) need (@) ought 8. He was not ... . that kind of treatment. (a) need to (b) have to (c) used to (d) dare toi directed : B, Rewrite the following as dir herbal tea aft Is bi sm the habit of taking coffee or herbal tea after meals but now she doesn't 1, She was in the hi (use ‘need’) i in the habit of watching television every evening. a (use ‘used to’ instead of ‘be in the habit of) 8. ‘The boy was soon accustomed to the strict rules of the hostel. (Use ‘used to’ instead of ‘be accustomed to’) not ask you Again, oom he? No, he . not. (fill in the missing form of ‘dare’) C. Fill in the blanks with the correct modals : 1 .. you have milk or juice? 21 . learn French, and nobody ... . stop me. 3. .»» tather prefer not to give any explanation, -. obey one’s parents. _.go home whenever you like. Your younger sister is sleeping. You .. .. hot speak loudly. 7. They not drive very fast, . they? 8. The dog barked so loudly that we ... not approach it. 9. You . -» have given him a helping hand. It’s your duty. go to the station by taxi; it is getting late.