PROJECT

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

PRODUCT DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

BMMD 2324
(REKA BENTUK & PEMBANGUNAN PRODUK)

PROJECT

TASK 1 - PROJECT REPORT

LECTURER’S NAME DR. HAMBALI BIN BOEJANG

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO

S1. MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI B091910358
S2. MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI B091910396
S3. MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN B091910008
S4. NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED B091910219

ASSESSEMENT RUBRICS

MARK
ASSESSMENT TASK/ITEMS GIVEN MARKS
ALLOCATION

Project introduction including the

1. 10
rationale for you to choose this project
Identify the associated risks involved in
2. 20
this project using appropriate methods.
3. Develop risk monitoring and control plans. 20
Describe the success criteria that will
4. indicate the project objectives have been 10
met.
5. Content & Development 20
6. Format 10
7. Grammar, clarity, and organization 10
 LIST OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 An Overview of the Project 1
1.2 Product Summary 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Design Problem 3

2.0 PRODUCT PLANNING AND IDENTIFYING CUSTOMER NEED 4

2.1 Identification of Opportunities 4
2.1.1 Opportunity funnels 4
2.1.2 Competitive strategy 5
2.1.3 Market Segment 6
2.1.4 Organizational Chart 7
2.1.5 Gantt Chart 8
2.2 Complete Pre-Project Planning 9
2.2.1 Generate Product Planning 9
2.2.2 Mission statement 10

3.0 IDENTIFYING CUSTOMER NEEDS 14

3.1 Need Statement 14
3.2 Established Product Design Specifications 19
3.3 Benchmarking 22
3.4 House of Quality 23
3.5 Final Specification 24
3.6 Target Cost 27

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4.0 DESIGN PHASE 28
4.1 Concept Design 28
4.1.1 Concept form/ concept sketching 30
4.1.2 Concept selection 32
4.2 Detail Design 36
4.3 Part Drawing 41
4.4 Assembly Drawing 50
4.5 Exploded View 54

5.0 CONCLUSION 55
5.1 Discussion and Recommendation 55
5.2 Conclusion 56
5.3 References 57
5.3.1 Book Resource 57
5.3.2 Internet Resource 57
5.4 Appendices 60

MEETING MINUTE 65

PRODUCT VIDEO DEMONSTRATION 72

VIDEO PRESENTATION 72

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Pages

1 Benchmarking upon similar existing shopping bag in the market 4
2 Project Gantt Chart 8
3 Mission Statement 10
4 Steps of identifying customer needs 14
5 Summary data from Survey Form 15
6 Raw data for Foldable Shopping Bag 17
7 The established performance requirements 21
8 House of Quality for the Foldable Shopping Bag 23
9 Final Specification for Foldable Shopping Bag 24
10 Estimated Target Cost for Foldable Shopping Bag 27
11 Estimated Distributor Margin 27
12 The Combination Table of Concept 28
13 Total number of Combination 28
14 Construction of Weighted Rating Method for storage concept 32
alternatives
15 Construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle type concept 32
alternatives
16 Construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle bar concept 33
alternatives
17 Construction of Weighted Rating Method for mobility concept 33
alternatives
18 Rating scale 33
19 Concept Selection (Weighted Rating Method) 34
20 Bill of Materials (B.O.M) 40

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figur Title Pages

e
1 Reusable shopping bag 1
2 Foldable shopping cart 1
3 Project Organization Chart 7
4 Storage Concept Alternatives 30
5 Handle Type Concept Alternatives 31
6 Handle Bar Concept Alternatives 31
7 Conceptual Sketches of Final Concept Selection 35
8 Bag’s Fabric 36
9 Bracket 36
10 Tapping Screw 36
11 Wheel Cover 37
12 Wheel Holder 37
13 Wheel 37
14 Zipper 38
15 Handle 38
16 Assembly View of Foldable Shopping Bag 39
17 Exploded View of Foldable Shopping Bag 39

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 An Overview of the Project

Shopping bags are immensly useful for people in their daily shopping activities. A growing
movement around the country is raising awareness for consumers to purchase and bring their
own reusable bags to the store to use for carrying their goods home. Reusable shopping bags as
shown in Figure 1 are in demand partly due to awareness around the environmental benefits of
going green, but also in response to an increase in single-use plastic bag bans. While they cost a
little more up front, there are many benefits of reusable bags, particularly when it comes to
easing plastic bag pollution and the effects of plastic on the environment.

Currently an existing reusable shopping bag usually does not have a large capacity to fit
and hold a lot of groceries. To easy carrying goods, foldable shopping cart in Figure 2 is a
perfect option to carry a heavy load and it has wheels for better mobility. Although it is a good
choice, but it still shortage of compactable and space occupying to store it. Thus, we had
discussed and intended to do an incremental improvement to the existing product. So, we as a
team decided to modify and combine both features of reusable shopping bag and shopping cart
to a better shopping bag. This improvement product can help customers to overcome the
problem of capacity, mobility, and space occupying. Therefore, we collected some information
and ideas from many users and customers to analyze their needs, summed up several points and
come up with new ideas to upgrade it, solve some problems that customers are facing, decide
which ideal product project basis should be choose, and helps to reduce plastic bag pollution on
environment. We named our improvement product as Foldable Shopping Bag.

Figure 1: Reusable shopping bag Figure 2: Foldable shopping cart

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1.2 Product Summary

This report contains design and prototype of our product named Foldable Shopping Bag. This
product is an implement few cosmetic changes towards the existing product of shopping bag and
shopping cart. We get this idea to combine both function of this existing product based on some
imperfections and limitations that needs modification. Our product focus mainly on shopaholics
who often use shopping bag to buy daily and weekly necessities. Our shopping bag have a few
specifications like dual style foldable bag with extendable-telescopic design for customers to use
as shopping bag or a tote bag. This bag offers a large capacity of storage and less space
occupying to store it. It is also lightweight and better mobility to move around easily with an
adjustable handle. This shopping bag is convenient and have aesthetic design. This foldable
shopping bag can transport groceries and other goods, easy to use and ability to support load
until 25 kilogram all the while staying under a RM50 budget. We created our design around
these specifications and made our shopping bag as functional as possible.

1.3 Objective

Our objective for this project are:

 To produce a reusable shopping bags of good design and function, excellent quality, and
durability, at prices so low that most people can afford to buy them.

 To provide a shopping bag that is more compact and has an attractive appearance design.

 To minimize the use of plastic bags to reduce environmental pollution.

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1.4 Design Problem

This project is based on some design problem of an existing product that need an solution. This
design problem of shopping bag is faced by users especially housewives who usually shopping
on a weekly basis and unable to accommodate all items in a single shopping bag. An existing
shopping bag has a standard size with limited storage and basically they need to bring more
shopping bag to carry their goods.

Older users or people who live at apartment faced this problem that is lack of mobility to
move around their shopping bag with heavy item and belongging. They have to carry weight and
will burden their musle caused by the manual handling of heavy loads. Those who are lacking
elevators in their buildings need an efficient and less demanding way to transport groceries from
the store.

Most of the shopping bag or shopping cart does not have adjustable handle due to poorly
designed that does not achieve this function. They may cause injury to users, such as pain and
stiffness in the neck and shoulders. Non-adjustable handle heights and a lack of pushing motion
would increases the force that users must exert and the mechanical loading on their lower back
and shoulders. The higher the handles, the greater the force required, and it is recommended that
the handle should be at a height between the elbow and hip for pushing and pulling force
capabilities.

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2.0 PRODUCT PLANNING AND IDENTIFYING CUSTOMER
NEED
2.1 Identification of Opportunities
2.1.1 Opportunity funnels

For this project, the benchmarking upon several similar existing shopping bag product available
in the market has been analyzed and studied on the differences between products including
aspects of price range, features, strength, and weakness as shown in the figures below. The table
1 shows the top three competitor worth for benchmarking to consider their strategy and strength
towards well-defined group of customers.

Table 1: Benchmarking upon similar existing shopping bag in the market

NO Product Price Strength Weakness

1 OEM 2-Wheels Foldable RM 19.50 – Foldable and Strap handle for
Shopping Grocery Trolley Nylon RM 23.40 huge storage dragging
2 E-Sonic 6-Wheels Folding RM 35.90 Sturdy metal Cannot be folded
Foldable Shopping Trolley Bag frame into small size
3 Hershel Tote Bag Casual RM 11.50 Simple and Unable to support
Shoulder Bag Women convenient heavy load

The figures of the benchmarking product can be refer on Appendices section. For the first
product, this bag comes with features where it is very compact and foldable to carry anywhere. It
also has foldable wheels that are simple to use, as well as a huge storage area that can hold a lot
of groceries, but this bag has a strap that is not suitable for use as a handle to drag the bag
comfortably. Next for the second product, this bag comes with sturdy folding metal frame with
comfortable handle for easy transport and it can be folds flat making it easy to store at home or
in the car. But size of the bag after being folded is too big and cannot be folded into smaller size.
Lastly for the third product, this bag is very lightweight, hand carry and foldable to easily being
stored while for the weakness, this bag is unable to accommodate too many loads at one time
since it might be heavy to carry on. Based on this opportunity funnels, we are going make an

4
improvement to produce a better shopping bag that can meet customer requirements and are
accepted in the market.

2.1.2 Competitive strategy

The competitive strategy consists of the business approaches and initiatives undertaken by a
company to attract customers and to deliver superior value to them through fulfilling their
expectations as well as to strengthen its market position. Thus, the concept of competitive
strategy has a competitor-orientation. The competitive strategy includes those approaches that
prescribe various ways to build sustainable competitive advantage. Our competitive strategy is
based on customer focus. Customer focus can be the foundation of customer loyalty due to our
promises to them and it is important for us to ensure that customer satisfaction is fulfilled and
leave with good feeling experience. Therefore, we make sure our customer needs are heard by
analyzing and studying their feedbacks, suggestions, and reviews. Next, by knowing our
customer feedbacks, we use the feedback to develop better bags in the future instead of
approaching customer complaints by amplifying the voice of our customer and use their
feedback to create better experience. This also included by giving out customer survey, as well
as studying and research customer reviews on online shopping platform.

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 2.1.3 Market Segment

Market segmentation is a marketing technique that involves segmenting a target market into
smaller, more defined segments, enabling a business to conduct strong market research into
customers. The impetus behind market segmentation is that it helps us identify customers who
are most likely to buy our products. We segment our market into two categories which is
potential customers and product preference.

A. Potential Customer
A potential customer is someone who has potential to become a purchaser of our
products. We focus on segmentation based on age, gender, and occupation to aim
our potential customers. We segment the market by age since people have different
interests at different stages in their lives. This segmented is focus on the needs of
certain age groups more than their desires. For our product, we would offer
affordability, quality and safety that will meets all age groups. We also segment the
market by gender because men and women have different desires and needs when it
comes to even basic products. Since we produce shopping bag and most likely
women are the one who always shopping, we target our potential customer are
women. Next, we market segment by occupation to aim potential customers who are
the most likely to go shopping. Thus, we market that housewife as our potential
customer.

B. Product Preference
Our shopping bag market is segmented by product type and materials. By product
type, the market is segmented into reusable bags and non-reusable bags. Reusable
shopping bags segment is projected to dominate the market due to their extended
usage because of their reusability and wide availability of sizes. However, the non-
reusable bags segment is expected to grow in the near future owing to the
development in design such as the use of easily disposable and eco-friendly

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 materials which help in reducing the environmental burden. Next by material, the
market is segmented into paper, cotton, nylon, polyester, and others. Nylon bag
segment is expected to hold a major share of the market as nylon materials provide
higher strength and weight holding capacity to the bag.
2.1.4 Organizational Chart

Project Organization Chart is a graphic representation of the structure of a development teams

for the position within it. Figure 3 below shows our Project Organization Chart which has been
divided among our project teams based on our respective expertise.

ORGANIZATION CHART

Figure 3: Project Organization Chart

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 2.1.5 Gantt Chart

Project Gantt Chart is how we plan our product efficiently and systematically starting with
proposal and how we can develop this product to the market within the time given. Table 2
below show our estimated time planning in the several 13 weeks so that we can follow this
schedule accordingly.

Table 2: Project Gantt Chart

TASK DESCRIPTION WEEK
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Product proposal
Problem statement
Product planning
Identify opportunities
Mission statement
Identify customer needs
Product design specification
Concept design selection
Cost analysis
Solidworks 3D of final design
Generate drawing of product
Discussion & recommendation
Summary & conclusion

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2.2 Complete Pre-Project Planning
2.2.1 Generate Product Planning

Once the project has been approved, pre-project planning activity takes place before substantial
resources are applied. To generate our product planning and project mission statement, we need
to follow 5 step process which is:

i. Identification of opportunities
ii. Evaluate and prioritize competitive strategy and market segment
iii. Allocating resources and plan timing based on man, machines, budget and technology,
and market readiness
iv. Complete pre-project planning based on product vision statement, constraints, and target
market.
v. Review on the result of mission statement.

We need to know our product better in order to generate our product planning. This will verify
what our product strength and weakness and how our product can compete in the market. Our
vision must be clearer on how to produce a better shopping bag from the existing product that
already have in the market and we must really know our target market to tackle thier needs and
expectation. The clearer our vision, the clearer what we want to achive in this product
development project.

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 2.2.2 Mission statement

A mission statement defines what an organization is developing and the reason behind a
product’s existence. At a minimum, our mission statement should define who our primary
customers are, identification of the product we are going to produce, and description of the
geographical location in which our development teams would operate. Table 3 below shows
we construct our mission statement by considering several types of categories to fulfills the
market demand and customer needs.

Table 3: Mission Statement

Product A foldable shopping bag mounted with a pair of wheels and can be fold
Description into a fashionable tote bag.
a) Attractive, This shopping bag is one of the most
fashionable, aesthetic fashionable shopping bags after it is folded
design into a tote bag so that users will never forget
to bring their shopping bag every time
everywhere anymore.

b) Convenient and user- The rate of complexity of the shopping bag in

friendly concept terms of method of using is very low make it
more user- friendly. Users only need refer to
the simple manual.

c) Lightweight mobility This shopping bag was made with light,

feature durable material and mounted with wheels for
mobility.

d) Less space occupying Compared to some other existing unfoldable

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 conventional shopping bags, this bag is much
smaller in size after being fold, make it more
portable and take lesser space.

e) Large capacity The size of the bag is larger after it is

unfolded and it should give enough capacity
for groceries shopping and also other kind of
shopping.

Key a) Popularly fashionable To design a shopping bag that prioritizes

Business attractive appearance.
Goal b) Reasonable pricing To produce a shopping bag that is affordable
without neglecting quality.
c) Guaranteed quality To develop a competitive quality shopping
bag with other benchmarked existing product.
d) Endure viable in To ensure viability of the shopping bag keep
market long lasting in market.

Target Primary Market Shopping mall (shoppers)

Market  As the bag is mainly functioning as a
shopping bag, we target that this
product will be sold to the mall and
primarily being used by shoppers in
shopping mall.

Secondary Market Small business starter, retail store, online

potential marketplace. Other than that,
online stores such as LAZADA, SHOPEE,
AMAZON and ALIEXPRESS also would
be one of the suitable.
 This shopping bag are expected to

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 be sold to wholesalers and retailers
for smaller type of business.

Assumptions 1) High demand We initially assume that our shopping bag

product concept will be the first-ever existing
conventional shopping bag introduced in the
market so that people would interest to get
one.
2) Attractive design Apart from that, we expect our shopping bag
concept. to impress consumers in terms of attractive
design and compatibility features that a
shopping bag could offer.

3) User friendly We also hoped that this bag can be easily

manage for most people that keen with this
kind of invention just by referring to the
simple user manual.

4) Affordable We target for this bag to be sell with

reasonable market price so that most people
could afford to purchase one.

Constraints a) Competitive Possibilities for the product to compete with

other form of similar product concept in
market because customer’s preferences
always change by time.

b) Popularity Lack of impressive marketing strategies

might cause lower popularity among
consumers and reduce the ability to fight with
other brands.
c) Resilience Type or kind of products which its endurance

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 totally depends on consumers’ method of
using although best material has been chosen
in manufacturing process.

Stakeholders 1) Shareholders and The shareholders and investors invest in the

investors company by purchasing shares, which
represents some percentage from the company,
and they also get profit from the product sales.

2) Employees All the production workers including those

employees who are engaged in related
activities such as designing, manufacturing,
marketing, material handling, warehousing,
and shipping, maintenance, customer service
etc.
3) Suppliers The entity that supplies goods and materials
for the production and manufacturing process
which is one of the important stakeholders.
Other suppliers are those who will buy the
products with huge amount such as
wholesaler, retailer, and online potential
marketplace.
4) Purchasers and users The people that also known as consumer or
customer, that will buy this product from
wholesalers and retailers which is the main
reference for the industry and companies to
keep improvising the productivity and
maintain a good reputation onwards.

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3.0 IDENTIFYING CUSTOMER NEEDS
3.1 Need Statement
Identifying customer need is mission-critical for businesses looking to create a product that truly
speak to their customers’ problems. Not to mention, the easiest way to position brand smartly in
the market is to unite internals teams behind the specific needs of customers. There are 5
methods to identifying the customer needs and our goal is to ensure that our shopping bag focus
on customer requirement, recognize latent or hidden need as well as explicit need of customer,
come out with a fact base for justifying the shopping bag specification, produce an archival
record of customer need activity, confirm to not missed any critical customer need, and unfold
common understanding among members of development team. Table 4 shows the steps of
identifying customer needs that we practiced for our project:

Table 4: Steps of identifying customer needs

Step Method Descriptions

1 Gather raw data from customer. By giving out survey form (refer Appendices
section) and collecting reviews and feedbacks
from the existing product problems on the
online shopping website

2 Interpret the raw data in terms of Managing all the data collected (refer Table 4).
customer need.

3 Organize the needs into a hierarchy Discuss and analyze all the data obtained and
sort them into ranking of importance.

4 Establish the relative importance of This step is done by discussion among team
the needs. members.

5 Review on the results. Analyze and give consideration of the result

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 with team members to guarantee it fulfils
customer desire.

Table 5 below shows the summary data from survey form that we conducted through Google
Form.

Table 5: Summary data from Survey Form

PERSONAL INFORMATION
SECTION A

Age Range Gender Profession

17-20 10 % Male 30 % Student 20 %
21-30 30 % Female 70 % Office Worker 10 %
31-40 45 % Housewife 65 %
41 and above 15 % Others 5%
CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE
What type of shopping you How do you carry the goods How frequent do you use reusable
usually go for? you buy? bag for shopping?
Grocery shopping 55 % Plastic bag 40 % Everyday 15 %
Convenient goods 30 % Basket 10 % Once a week 35 %
Clothing 15 % Shopping bag 35 % Once a month 30 %
SECTION B

Trolley 15 % Never 20 %
What are the weaknesses of Where do you usually find this
existing shopping bag? shopping bag sold?
Uncomfortable 85 % online shopping 30 %
handle/strap platform
Limited capacity 85 % retails shop 35 %
Low durability 80 % shopping mall 35 %
Less attractive design 70 %
Difficult to carry around 80 %
CUSTOMER PREFERENCE
Based on the product description, how interested are you if the price range of the shopping bag is
between RM25 - RM 40? (1) Not interested – (5) interested
SECTION C

1 0% 2 0% 3 5%
4 30 % 5 65 %
How important are these features for this shopping bag?
attractive design lightweight completely hidden wheel
Not important Not important Not important
Less important Less important Less important

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 Moderate Moderate Moderate
Important Important Important
Very important Very important Very important
large capacity waterproof & breathable fabric firm bag structure
Not important Not important Not important
Less important Less important Less important
Moderate Moderate Moderate
Important Important Important
Very important Very important Very important
CUSTOMER SUGGESTION
SECTION D

What other features do you think are suitable to add to this product?
compact
I prefer foldable shopping bag because its easy for me to bring anywhere.
long straps to easily carry in shoulder
(Result of this survey form can be refer in Appendices)

From the summary of survey form above, we would consider our responses are based on women
who aged 31 until 40 years old as housewife. This data shows that most of the customers agreed
that limited capacity of the bag is one of the main problems they faced with their shopping bags.
This is because most shopping bag has been designed with a fixed shape which is sometimes
quite large for small quantity goods, and quite small for larger quantity goods whenever
customers were going for a shopping. From this issue, we come out with an idea of developing a
foldable shopping bag design concept which could be able to be fold into a smaller form of tote
bag and can be unfold into a large capacity shopping bag. Our team has decided that this
improvement will help to overcome the customers problem instead of keep carrying the fixed
shape shopping bag around.

Next, we can observe that there is a suggestion from the respondents stated about their
preference of having a foldable shopping bag which is easier to bring anywhere. The suggestion
from the survey seems strongly supports our concern of producing a foldable shopping bag
design concept and this survey surely helped us to determine which features or characteristics of
a shopping bag that customers really needed. In addition, this foldable design concept would
bring a great improvement including to the appearance of the shopping bag.

Our team had made an observation where the attractive design data shows the mode for
the number of respondents votes. The statistics means that, most of the customers among the

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respondents still emphasizes the attractiveness of the shopping bag design comparing with the
current existing shopping bag products in market as our foldable shopping bag can be turned into
a fashionable trendy tote bag. All this survey data can help us summarize the raw data for our
Foldable Shopping Bag based on customers preference. Table 6 below shows the raw data based
on the customer requirements that indicates some of the main concerns. From this table, we
would consider what are customer really need and expected from our product.

Table 6: Raw data for Foldable Shopping Bag

No Customer Statements Need Statements Customer Importance

Requirements Weight
1 I would prefer a The shopping bag can Aesthetic 3
shopping bag that is be folded and
fashionable and stylish to transforms into a
bring anywhere. fashionable tote bag.
2 I like a shopping bag that is The shopping bag is Informative 2
convenient and easy to use. user-friendly and easily
to manage by referring
to the simple user
manual.
3 It would be great if the The telescopic Flexibility 5
shopping bag have a large design makes the
capacity of storage to put a lot shopping bag larger
of things when doing a after it is being
grocery shopping. unfolded and can
afford a large
capacity of storage.
4 I want the shopping bag to be The shopping bag was Flexibility 4
lightweight and can move made with light material
freely since the grocery items and mounted with
might be heavy and wheels for mobility.

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 sometimes doing grocery
shopping is exhausting.
5 I would like to have a
shopping bag that have a
stable wheel for pushing and
pulling motion.
6 It would be great if the
shopping bag can have a
handle for different height of
family members to use while
shopping.
7 I want a shopping bag that
can hold the contents of the
bag firmly.
8 I was thinking to have a
shopping bag that can hide the an extension part at the
wheels so that the appearance
of the bag would be great.
9 I prefer the shopping bag
cleanliness can be maintained
after several used.
10 I would like a shopping bag
that can be less space
occupying to store it after
used.
11 I would prefer a bag that is
made of a long-lasting
material so that it can be use
The shopping bag have Safety 5
a larger wheel and it is
more stable that can
rotate 360˚ for a clean
movement.
The shopping bag have Flexibility 4
an adjustable and
retractable handle for
different user’s height.
The handle has been Safety 5
mounted to the
shopping bag to
support the bag from
sagging.
The shopping bag have Aesthetic 3
bottom of the bag to
hide the wheels well.
The shopping bag made Maintenance 4
to be washable and
breathable material.
The shopping bag is Flexibility 5
collapsible and compact
to keep it.
The shopping bag is Maintenance 5
made from waterproof
and breathable fabric.
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 multiple times.
12 I want the shopping bag to The shopping bag will Price 4
worth the price. be very affordable and
reasonable with the
price.

3.2 Established Product Design Specifications

A product design specification is the statement on how a design of something is made or specify,
what is the intention of the product, and how far the design complies with the requirements.
Requirements are referred based on customer needs in the Need Statements tabulated. These
requirements have been analyzed from the given survey forms to the customers in order to obtain
their feedbacks and reviews on existing shopping bag products. Hence for the foldable shopping
bag, below are the product design specifications based on the purpose, features, competition,
intended market, performance requirements, product life cycle, and human factors.

Project Name: Foldable Shopping Bag

A. Purpose
The main purpose of this foldable shopping bag product is to reduce the high usage of plastic
bags among customers. Based on the survey conducted previously, it is proven with fact that
most people have been aware and concerned towards this issue and started to change into a
better choice which is reusable shopping bag. However, the existing product in market have
some imperfections and limitations. Thus, the main purpose of this development project is to
implement few cosmetic changes towards the existing product. These changes include minor
features addition and components modification towards the product specification.

B. Features

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 Surveys have been conducted on customers across various demographics. The following
features, specifications, and requirements that logically suits a shopping bag and should be
incorporated into the proposed design have been prioritized as follow:
1. Foldable
2. Easy to use
3. Lightweight
4. Large capacity
5. Hidden wheels
6. High durability
7. Applies mobility
8. Convenient handle
9. Supporting structure
10. Affordable

C. Competition
Based on the identification of opportunities, the Research and Development (R&D) team
have taken responsibility in directing the benchmarking procedure upon several similar
existing shopping bag product available in the market. The following are the top three
competitor worth for benchmarking to consider their strategy and strength towards well-
defined group of customers:
1. OEM 2-Wheels Foldable Shopping Grocery Trolley Nylon - OEM
2. E-Sonic 6-Wheels Folding Foldable Shopping Trolley Bag – E-Sonic
3. Hershel Tote Bag Casual Shoulder Bag Women – Hershel

D. Intended Market
The Marketing and Sales Department team targeted that the foldable shopping bag product
will be distribute to the malls and primarily being used by shoppers in shopping mall. These
target market and group is expected to contribute the most for this product’s market
segmentation. Alternatively, the team also assumed several secondary markets which is small
businesses, retail store, and also online potential marketplace such as Lazada, Shopee,
Amazon, and AliExpress.

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E. Performance Requirements
Based on other competitor’s product performance benchmarked, the development team
reviewed the best performance requirements to be establish and implement that are suitable
with the foldable shopping bag feature specifications. The following Table 7 contains the
performance requirements being established.

Table 7: The established performance requirements

Performance Criteria Value

Max load (fabric) 20 – 25kg
Size (estimated capacity) 350mm x 100mm x 520mm
Height 520mm
Wheels 2
Max weight (wheels) 40 – 50kg
Component parts 9 – 19 pc
Manufacturing cost (12unit/day) RM45 – RM62/unit

F. Life Cycle & Human Factors

The foldable shopping bag product is expected to last long up to a period of about 2 – 3 years
depending on the customer’s level of interaction and usage. Considering the performance
criteria of the shopping bag from the established performance requirements, the product
should be enduring longer than the assumed period. Consequently, the manufactured bag is
made of high-density breathable nylon fabric that could support a maximum load of between
20 – 25kg. Adjacent to that, the shopping bag is also equipped with two wheels that could
sustain a maximum weight of between 40 – 50 kg. In fact, customer uses the shopping bag to
do shopping which is logically most of the goods and products normally bought is expected
to be light in weight. The study on life cycle and human factors helps developer to determine
the behaviors of different users and their interactions with the product in order to improvise
the optimization towards the design and concept of the particular product.

21
3.3 Benchmarking

For the following design specifications, the benchmarking processes were followed:
i. The cover concept is based on three different types of products: Foldable Grocery Bags,
Troller Bags, and Tote Bags.
ii. Benchmarking was used to choose the materials: High Density Nylon for the fabric,
Carbon Fibre Epoxy for the wheel, High Gloss Plastic for the zipper, and Matte
Aluminium for the handle.
iii. This product is designed based on the combination and improvements needed by
shopping bags nowadays.
iv. This design concept is grouped in incremental improvements to existing product which it
is also known as cosmetic change.

22
 3.4 House of Quality

The House of Quality (HoQ) is defined as a product planning matrix that is built to show how
customer requirements relate directly to the ways and methods companies can use to achieve
those requirements. People with various problems and responsibilities can discuss design
priorities while referring to evidence patterns on the house's grid. House of Quality is widely
regarded as the primary instrument used during quality role implementation to aid in community
decision making. Therefore, the customer requirement that we obtained are convert into technical
terms for further development process. Table 8 below show House of Quality for the foldable
shopping bag.

Table 8: House of Quality for the Foldable Shopping Bag

Engineering Characteristics
Improvement Direction
Units 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
Importance Weight

Customer
Increase capacity

Material used &

breathable fabric
Lightweight and

Requirement
Hidden wheels

Waterproof &
Foldable

mobility

Handle

colour
Factor

Durability 5 3 9 9
Ease of use 5 9 9 3 9
Flexibility 5 9 9 9 9
Easy to 4 3 9 3

23
maintain
Low Price 4 3 3
Aesthetic 3 3 3 1 9
Raw Score 99 90 45 51 93 93 96 567
Relative Weight % 17.5 15.9 8.0 9.0 16.4 16.4 16.9 100
Rank Order 1 4 6 5 3 3 2

Strong = 9 Average = 3 Weak = 1

Maximize Minimize Target

3.5 Final Specification

A product specification commonly referred as a product spec, is an important product document

that outlines key requirements for building a new feature, functionality, or product. The final
specification were obtained after we consider customer requirements and discussion among
teams members on how our product should fulfills the need of improvement to produce a better
shopping bag. Table 9 shows our final specification with a detail description about features and
materials use.

Table 9: Final Specification for Foldable Shopping Bag

No Target Specification Final Specification Description / Remarks

.
1. Foldable bag storage The bag storage is The bag storage design was created
foldable with by combining two concepts which
extendable-telescopic is foldable and telescopic. The
design (combined purpose of combining both concept
concept) is to provide dual style to the users
which is a shopping bag and also a
tote bag.

24
2. Lightweight bag The bag was made to The bag parts and components
be light in weight by were manufactured of light
using least heavy materials such as nylon, plastics,
components aluminium, etc. This improvement
was implemented to ensure that the
product is convenient and
comfortable to the users.

3. Applies mobility The bag is equipped The bag has two swivel caster
with a pair of swivel wheels which is better than the
caster wheels. rigid caster wheels. This is because
swivel wheels are more flexible
compared to the rigid ones.

4. Increased capacity The bag storage The capacity of the bag’s storage
capacity was expanded was increased due to some
by manufacturing a customer complaints towards
larger sizing of the previous existing shopping bag
breathable nylon that have limited capacity and
fabric. unexpandable bag fabric.

5. Hidden wheels The bag was equipped The wheels of the bag were made
with a case hidden by equipping a case
compartment to keep compartment to store the wheels
the wheels hidden from and hide it from sights. This is
sight. because as the bag being brought
everywhere, the cleanliness of the
wheels was doubted.

6. Fabric material The bag was made of a The fabric of the bag is durable,
durable high-density breathable, and washable. The
breathable nylon durability of the bag is higher

25
 fabric. compared to existing product. The
breathable and washable nylon
fabric is important to keep the bag
hygienic.

7. Handle bar The bag was included The handle bar of the bag
with a double pole six- functions as supporting structure
tier detachable when the bag is filled with stuffs.
telescopic handle bar. Customers complaint that the
existing product was saggy and
swept to the floor. Thus, adding a
detachable telescopic handle bar
will provide the supporting
structure and also give a more
convenient dragging angle.
8. Appearance The bag was designed The aesthetic appearance of the
into dual style with an foldable shopping bag which can
attractive aesthetic be folded into a gorgeous tote bag
nylon fabric. mainly focused on solving the
customers complaints on how less
attractive the existing shopping
bag design was. This is because
the lack of attractiveness seems to
make people tend to forget to bring
their shopping bag together
everywhere besides failing to
practice no plastic bag campaigns.
Thus, applying aesthetic design to
the shopping bag helps to achieve
our main objectives.

26
3.6 Target Cost

Product costing is an important way to calculate price of material that we use for the foldable
shopping bag to estimate our target cost for selling price of the product. Table 10 below show
our estimated target product costing for component and materials that we use to make our
foldable shopping bag. The price that we estimated is based on market price nowadays. Table 11
shows our target cost by considering the distribution or retailer’s margin.

Table 10: Estimated Target Cost for Foldable Shopping Bag

Components Quantity High Low High (RM) Low (RM)
(RM/each) (RM/each)
High density 1 RM 7.90 RM 6.25 RM 7.90 RM 6.25
breathable nylon
fabric
Bracket 2 RM 0.85 RM 0.40 RM 1.70 RM 0.80
Tapping screw 8 RM 0.15 RM 0.05 RM 1.20 RM 0.40
Wheel cover 1 RM 5.20 RM 3.80 RM 5.20 RM 3.80
Wheel holder 2 RM 1.70 RM 1.40 RM 3.40 RM 2.80
Wheel 2 RM 5.20 RM 4.05 RM 10.40 RM 8.10
Zipper (handle slot) 1 RM 0.15 RM 0.10 RM 0.15 RM 0.10

Zipper (extend) 1 RM 1.20 RM 0.99 RM 1.20 RM 0.99

Handle 1 RM 13.30 RM 9.90 RM 13.30 RM 9.90

27
 Assembly RM 18.00 RM 12.00
(RM / day) (240/month) (160/month)
Total RM 62.45 RM 45.14
(Cost does not include overhead)

Table 11: Estimated Distributor Margin

Product Selling Price (RM) Exp. Margin (distributor / retailer)
High (45%) Low (40%)
Foldable 62.45 34.35 37.47
Shopping Bag 45.14 24.83 27.08

4.0 DESIGN PHASE

4.1 Concept Design

Concept Design is the process of developing, modelling, and shaping a new idea, approach, or
abstraction of an implementation. It demonstrates what problems the product will address, how it
will address them, and how it will feel as it does so. We need to clarify what concept and sub
function we are going to use. Table 12 shows the table of concept combination of the shopping
bag in which several sub functions such as storage, handle type, handle, and mobility, are studied
for their concept solutions. Each sub function has two to three concept solutions. Based on these
concepts listed for each sub functions, our team needed to execute them one by one to choose the
best final shopping bag concept. Next, Table 13 shows the total number of combinations for the
shopping bag concept. From the tabulated concepts, our team had obtained about 36 possible
concept combinations for all the sub functions altogether. This number is gained from the
concept combination calculation which is (3 × 3 × 2 × 2 = 36).

Table 12: The Combination Table of Concept

Alternative Concepts

28
 1 2 3
Storage Additional Folded Extendable
Sub functions slot
Handle type Telescopic Detachable Tent pole
Handle Single Double
Mobility Swivel casters Rigid casters

Table 13: Total number of Combination

Sub functions
Alternative Storage Handle type Handle Mobility
1 Additional slot Telescopic Single Swivel casters
2 Additional slot Telescopic Single Rigid casters
3 Additional slot Telescopic Double Swivel casters
4 Additional slot Telescopic Double Rigid casters
5 Additional slot Detachable Single Swivel casters
6 Additional slot Detachable Single Rigid casters
7 Additional slot Detachable Double Swivel casters
8 Additional slot Detachable Double Rigid casters
9 Additional slot Tent pole Single Swivel casters
10 Additional slot Tent pole Single Rigid casters
11 Additional slot Tent pole Double Swivel casters
12 Additional slot Tent pole Double Rigid casters
13 Folded Telescopic Single Swivel casters
14 Folded Telescopic Single Rigid casters
15 Folded Telescopic Double Swivel casters
16 Folded Telescopic Double Rigid casters
17 Folded Detachable Single Swivel casters
18 Folded Detachable Single Rigid casters
19 Folded Detachable Double Swivel casters
20 Folded Detachable Double Rigid casters
21 Folded Tent pole Single Swivel casters
22 Folded Tent pole Single Rigid casters

29
 23 Folded Tent pole Double Swivel casters
24 Folded Tent pole Double Rigid casters
25 Extendable Telescopic Single Swivel casters
26 Extendable Telescopic Single Rigid casters
27 Extendable Telescopic Double Swivel casters
28 Extendable Telescopic Double Rigid casters
29 Extendable Detachable Single Swivel casters
30 Extendable Detachable Single Rigid casters
31 Extendable Detachable Double Swivel casters
32 Extendable Detachable Double Rigid casters
33 Extendable Tent pole Single Swivel casters
34 Extendable Tent pole Single Rigid casters
35 Extendable Tent pole Double Swivel casters
36 Extendable Tent pole Double Rigid casters
4.1.1 Concept form/ concept sketching

Conceptual sketches are used to define our conceptual idea based on criteria from the customer
needs and requirements. Figure 4 shows the first concept that is storage concept alternative since
customers want a large capacity of shopping bag. The second concept is handle type concept
alternative that shows in Figure 5 that meets customer need of adjustable handle. Figure 6 shows
the third conceptual idea of handle bar concept alternative.

30
Figure 4: Storage Concept Alternatives

31
 Figure 5: Handle Type Concept Alternatives

Figure 6: Handle Bar Concept Alternatives

4.1.2 Concept selection

Weighted Rating Evaluation Method or Weighted Rating Method is a prioritization framework

that helps the development team to decide which features and efforts to prioritize on the product
overview. Based on this framework, initiatives are scored according to a set of common criteria
on a cost-versus-benefits basis and then ranked by their final scores. The process of determining
which product specification to focus on first or which concept alternative will score the highest
rating could be an issue. Thus, the development team use Weighted Rating Method to help
assists the team members in making decisions.

Table 14: Construction of Weighted Rating Method for storage concept alternatives
Concept Alternatives
Storage
Additional slot Folded Extendable
Criteria Importance Rating Weighte Rating Weighted Rating Weighted

32
 weight (%) d rating rating rating
High 30 4 1.20 4 1.20 4 1.20
durability
Ease of use 25 2 0.50 2 0.50 4 1.00
Low 20 1 0.20 2 0.40 3 0.60
maintenanc
e
Low cost 15 1 0.15 3 0.45 3 0.45
Lightweight 10 1 0.10 4 0.40 4 0.40
100 NA 2.15 NA 2.95 NA 3.65

Table 15: Construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle type concept alternatives
Concept Alternatives
Handle type
Telescopic Detachable Tent pole
Criteria Importance Rating Weighted Rating Weighted Rating Weighted
weight (%) rating rating rating
High 30 4 1.20 3 0.90 1 0.30
durability
Ease of use 25 3 0.75 2 0.50 2 0.50
Low 20 3 0.60 3 0.60 2 0.40
maintenance
Low cost 15 3 0.45 4 0.60 2 0.30
Lightweight 10 3 0.30 3 0.30 4 0.40
100 NA 3.30 NA 2.90 NA 1.90
Table 16: Construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle bar concept alternatives
Concept Alternatives
Handle bar
Single Double
Criteria Importance Rating Weighted Rating Weighted
weight (%) rating rating
High 30 1 0.30 3 0.90
durability
Ease of use 25 2 0.50 4 1.00
Low 20 2 0.40 2 0.40
maintenance
Low cost 15 4 0.60 2 0.30
Lightweight 10 4 0.40 2 0.20
100 NA 2.20 NA 2.80

Table 17: Construction of Weighted Rating Method for mobility concept alternatives
Concept Alternatives

33
 Mobility
Swivel casters Rigid casters
Criteria Importance Rating Weighted Rating Weighted
weight (%) rating rating
High 30 3 0.90 2 0.60
durability
Ease of use 25 4 1.00 2 0.50
Low 20 2 0.40 2 0.40
maintenance
Low cost 15 1 0.15 4 0.60
Lightweight 10 3 0.30 4 0.40
100 NA 2.75 NA 2.50

Table 18: Rating scale

Rating Value
Unsatisfactory 0
Just tolerable 1
Adequate 2
Good 3
Very good 4

Table 14 above shows the construction of Weighted Rating Method for storage concept
alternatives, Table 15 shows the construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle type
concept alternatives, Table 16 shows the construction of Weighted Rating Method for handle bar
concept alternatives, while Table 17 shows the construction of Weighted Rating Method for
mobility concept alternatives. Other than that, there is also Table 18 which is the reference rating
scale for the concept alternatives scoring used to construct the Weighted Rating Method tables.
Table 19 shows our final concept selection based on Weighted Rating Method and we choose
our final concept based on rank of total score evaluation. Therefore, Figure 7 shows the sketch of
final concept selection based on Weighted Rating Method Evaluation.

Table 19: Concept Selection (Weighted Rating Method)

Concept
Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3
(Sling bag) (Tote bag) (Backpack/Purse)
Selection Criteria Weight (%) Rating Weight Rating Weight Rating Weight

34
 Score Score Score
Ease of use 30 2 0.60 4 1.20 4 1.20

Lightweight 20 2 0.40 4 0.80 3 0.60

Hidden 15 1 0.15 3 0.45 2 0.30

wheels
Increased capacity 15 4 0.60 3 0.45 2 0.30

Mobility 10 4 0.40 4 0.40 2 0.20

(casters type)
Handle 5 4 0.20 3 0.15 1 0.05
(convenience)
Handle 5 4 0.20 3 0.15 2 0.10
(support)

Total Score 2.55 3.60 2.75

Rank 3 1 2

Continue? NO DEVELOP NO

35
 Figure 7: Conceptual Sketches of Final Concept Selection

4.2 Detail Design

Figure 8: Bag’s Fabric

36
 Figure 9: Bracket

Figure 10: Tapping Screw

Figure 11: Wheel Cover

37
Figure 12: Wheel Holder

Figure 13: Wheel

38
 Figure 14: Zipper

Figure 15: Handle

Assembly View

39
 Figure 16: Assembly View of Foldable Shopping Bag

Exploded View

Figure 17: Exploded View of Foldable Shopping Bag

Bill of Material (B.O.M)/Part List

40
Table 20 below shows our bill of materials of all our part from Foldable Shopping Bag that
contains each quantity and material used.

Table 20: Bill of Materials (B.O.M)

No. Part Quantity Materials
1. Bag’s Fabric 1 High Density Nylon
2. Bracket 2 Machined Steel
3. Tapping Screw 8 Matte Steel
4. Wheel Cover 1 High Density Nylon
5. Wheel Holder 2 Matte Steel
6. Wheel 2 Carbon Fiber Epoxy
7. Zipper 2 High Gloss Plastic
8. Handle 1 Matte Aluminum

4.3 Part Drawing

41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
4.4 Assembly Drawing

51
52
53
54
4.5 Exploded View

55
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion and Recommendation

The product that our team chose to develop for this Product Design and Development project is
the foldable shopping bag. The concept of a foldable-shopping-bag is such an innovative
convenient product entering the market. Conclusively, from this project we can summarize that
there are several crucial processes that should be done to develop the best design to improve the
current product’s design. In this case, the current design of foldable shopping bag does not meet
the specifications that are required by the customers. The existing product needs to be improved
in several parts such as the maximum load capacity, the saggy-floor-sweeping unstructured bag,
unadjustable handle height, unattractive appearance, and other problems that has been stated
previously. Thus, an incremental improvement towards the existing product is needed to come
out with the best idea to improve the product that meets the requirements and needs of
customers.

For the design concept, we conducted the Weighted Rating Method to select the best
concept combination to be developed. From the method conducted, combination of alternatives
from Concept 1, Concept 2, and Concept 3 was selected based on customer needs and target
specifications. Although every concept included from 1 to 3 featuring different concepts, but we
chose one that would provide the main advantages for the final concept and combines them
together in order to obtain the best foldable shopping bag design concept that would meet
customers satisfaction. A lot of factors had been accounted in the design of this concept
including the product’s convenience, performance, safety, and as well as appearance.

Some techniques have been done to identify and select the best design and specification
of the product. From the survey and concept selection result, we have come out with an
extendable-telescopic bag design equipped with a detachable telescopic dual-handle bar and a
pair of swivel caster wheels, as an improved product from the current existing foldable shopping
bag in the market. Apart from that, there are also some features that has been added to the
product based on the customer requirements and recommendations that has been analysed from
the previous customer needs survey such as a hidden wheel compartment, breathable washable
fabric material for hygiene, and also supporting structure for the bag. In brief, all the customer

56
needs have been successfully fulfilled comparing based on our target specifications with the final
specifications of the final product outcome.

5.2 Conclusion

Based on our team’s Product Design and Development project, we have successfully completed
the project management procedure and the project documentation for our foldable shopping bag
product. As for our project, because it is an incremental improvement to existing product, hence
the main purpose of this development project is to implement few cosmetic changes towards the
existing shopping bag product. These changes include minor features addition and components
modification towards the product specification of current shopping bag. The project starts by
identifying our team’s objectives and mission statement through several important criteria such
as product description, key business goals, primary market, secondary markets, assumptions and
constraints, and stakeholders. The second step in the project procedure is to identify customer
needs. In order to obtain customers’ feedbacks and review on the existing product, our team had
decided to conduct surveys by distributing Google form links online. Next for the third step,
based on the customer needs, we developed the House of Quality table to filter down all the
technical specifications needed to be account into the product design and concept selection. The
House of Quality is a very beneficial tool that helps improve our team focus in the development
process throughout the project progress. The fourth step is to generate ideas on the concept of the
shopping bag by referring to the customer requirements analysed previously. Our team finally
come out with three main design concepts to be consider. The three concepts are gathered from
the table of concept alternatives where we processed the alternatives by using Weighted Rating
Method. Finally for the fifth step, our team developed the documentation for the project
according to the project management procedure. In this step, the team is able to finalize the
criteria needed to be implement in the Product Design and Development project. All in all, our
team have undergone a lot of idea brainstorming through meetings and discussion, which proves
that our great commitment and teamwork towards the tasks assigned is the main reason for the
success of this project.

57
5.3 References

5.3.1 Book Resource

1) Hambali Boejang, Hassan Attan, Mohd Farriz Basar, & Mohd Irman Ramli. (2021).
Product Development for Engineering Technology, (Module 4). Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka

5.3.2 Internet Resource

1) Claessens, M. (2015, June 24). The New Product Development Process (NPD) – Obtain
new Products. Marketing-Insider. Retrieved from: https://marketing-insider.eu/new-
product-development-process/

2) Joubert, S. (2021, April 23). How to Develop a Project Management Plan: 12 Steps to
Success. Northeastern University Graduate Programs. Retrieved from:
https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/developing-project-management-plan/

3) Miller, K. (2020, August 6). 3 Methods for Identifying Customer Needs | HBS Online.
Business Insights - Blog. Retrieved from: https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/methods-for-
identifying-customer-needs

4) The House of Quality. (2014, August 1). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from:
https://hbr.org/1988/05/the-house-of-quality

5) Kass, A. (2021, March 6). 17 Of The Best Reusable Grocery Bags You Can Get On
Amazon. BuzzFeed. Retrieved from: https://www.buzzfeed.com/abbykass/best-reusable-
grocery-bags-totes-amazon

6) Amazon.com: CleverMade 30L SnapBasket LUXE - Reusable Collapsible Durable

Grocery Shopping Bag - Heavy Duty Large Structured Tote, Navy Striped: Home
Improvement. (2019). Amazon. Retrieved from:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B079SVMG5J?tag=bfabby-
20&ascsubtag=5056240%2C6%2C18%2Camp%2C0%2C0%2C%2C243895

58
7) Shopping Bag Market Size, Share, Industry Forecast 2028. (2020). Fortune Business
Insight. Retrieved from: https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/shopping-bag-market-
104430

8) Shirley, S. C. (2020, July 21). What Kind of Shopping Bags Do Consumers REALLY
Want? | Factory Direct Promos. Factory Direct Promos. Retrieved from:
https://www.factorydirectpromos.com/blog/what-kind-of-shopping-bags-do-consumers-
really-want/

9) iEduNote.com. (2021, February 9). Competitive Strategy: Four Types of Competitive

Strategy. IEduNote. Retrieved from: https://www.iedunote.com/competitive-strategy

10) Kokemuller, N. (2016, October 26). Branding vs. Product Marketing. Small Business -
Chron.Com. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/branding-vs-product-
marketing-22583.html

11) Saylor Academy. (2014). BUS501: Porter’s Competitive Strategies. Retrieved from:
https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=8821

12) Seven ways to price your product. (2019). Marketing Donut. Retrieved from:
https://www.marketingdonut.co.uk/marketing-strategy/pricing/seven-ways-to-price-your-
product

13) [Hot Item] Printed Breathable Wet PU Coated Ripstop Nylon Fabric for Outdoor Wear.
(2016). Made-in-China.Com. Retrieved from:
https://jinxutex.en.made-in-china.com/product/qOenUBoWEPkg/China-Printed-
Breathable-Wet-PU-Coated-Ripstop-Nylon-Fabric-for-Outdoor-Wear.html

14) 2.01US $ 6% OFF|small Transparent plastic box Storage Collections Product packaging
box cute Mini Case Clear Small Box|Storage Boxes & Bins| - AliExpress. (2007).
Aliexpress.Com. Retrieved from: https://www.aliexpress.com/item/4000134190647.html

59
15) pan head self tapping screw ST5.5 PRICE PER PCS - Google Shopping. (2015). DIY
Products. Retrieved from:
https://www.google.com/shopping/product/8642784208801074929?
q=pan+head+self+tapping+screw+ST5.5+PRICE+PER+PCS&hl=en-
GB&sxsrf=ALeKk00wq-yysLphlvCa5veeGiOvzcdF-
w:1624380389948&biw=597&bih=585&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjThs_R2KvxAhVRxDg
GHaFTA1AQkjAIPygY

16) Printed Nylon Fabric. (2018). Indiamart.Com. Retrieved from:

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/printed-nylon-fabric-19930202062.html

17) Coated cretonne cotton Asanoha fabric - white/grey saki - MPM. (2019). Fabric
Selection. Retrieved from: https://www.mapetitemercerie.com/en/oilcloth-upholstery-
fabric/77390-coated-cretonne-cotton-fabric-whitegrey-saki-x-10-cm.html

18) ProductPlan. (2020, July 14). Product Specs | Definition and Overview. Retrieved from:
https://www.productplan.com/glossary/product-specs/#:%7E:text=A%20Product
%20Specification%2C%20commonly%20referred,feature%2C%20functionality%2C
%20or%20product.

19) Google Image Result for

https://i.pinimg.com/originals/42/02/4b/42024b4bea1fab0d346795e8dcf2d473.jpg.
(2016). I.Pinimg. Retrieved from:
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://i.pinimg.com/originals/42/02/4b/
42024b4bea1fab0d346795e8dcf2d473.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/
157274211975369065/
&tbnid=qUwKAcmSb5UESM&vet=1&docid=lHlThqjgDXJjbM&w=1400&h=2488&hl
=en-GB&source=sh/x/im

20) Floral pattern template flat classical repeat design Free vector in Adobe Illustrator ai
( .ai ) format, Encapsulated PostScript eps ( .eps ) format format for free download
4.40MB. (2008). Free Vector Design AI. Retrieved from:
https://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/floral-pattern-template-flat-classical-
repeat-design_6841668.html

21) Leaves pattern template flat classical handdrawn decor Free vector in Adobe Illustrator
ai ( .ai ) format, Encapsulated PostScript eps ( .eps ) format format for free download
1.99MB. (2012). Free Vector Design AI. Retrieved from:
https://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/leaves-pattern-template-flat-
classical-handdrawn-decor_6851925.html

60
5.4 Appendices
Figure 1 below presents the age range of the respondents involved in the survey.

Figure 1: The age range of the respondents

Figure 2 below presents the gender of the respondents involved in the survey.

Figure 2: The gender of the respondents

Figure 3 below presents the profession of the respondents involved in the survey.

61
 Figure 3: The profession of the respondents
Figure 4 below shows the regular types of shopping by the respondents involved in the
survey.

Figure 4: Regular types of shopping

Figure 5 below shows the preference method of carrying goods by the respondents
involved in the survey.

Figure 5: Method of carrying goods

Figure 6 below presents the frequency of using reusable bag for shopping by the

62
respondents involved in the survey.

Figure 6: Frequency of using reusable bag for shopping

Figure 7 below presents the voting results for the weaknesses of existing shopping bag.

Figure 7: Weaknesses of existing shopping bag

Figure 8 below shows the respondents feedbacks on the regular available market that
sells the shopping bag.

Figure 8: Regular available market that sells the shopping bag

Figure 9 below shows the respondents interest in the product’s price range.

63
 Figure 9: Respondents interest in the product’s price range
Figure 10 below presents the polling results by the respondents for the important
features for the shopping bag.

Figure 10: Important features for the shopping bag

Figure 11 shows the suggestion features for the shopping bag from the respondents
involved in the survey.

64
 Figure 11: Suggestion features for the shopping bag

Figure 12 below shows the benchmarked foldable grocery bag product in market which is
the OEM 2-Wheels Foldable Shopping Grocery Trolley Nylon and the link of product is:
https://shopee.com.my/product/61846874/7963202131?smtt=0.119926352-
1624720895.3

Figure 12: Foldable grocery bag

Figure 13 below shows the benchmarked troller bag product in market which is the E-
Sonic 6-Wheels Folding Foldable Shopping Trolley Bag and the link to the product is:
https://shopee.com.my/product/11002029/1244154119?smtt=0.103604406-
1620498368.3

Figure 13: Troller bag

Figure 14 below shows the benchmarked tote bag product in market which is the Hershel
Tote Bag Casual Shoulder Bag Women and the link to the product is:

65
https://shopee.com.my/product/32724743/6063798239?smtt=0.103604406-
1620500391.3

Figure 14: Tote bag

PROJECT
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

PRODUCT DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

BMMD 2324
(REKA BENTUK & PEMBANGUNAN PRODUK)

PROJECT

TASK 2 – MEETING MINUTE

LECTURER’S NAME DR. HAMBALI BIN BOEJANG

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO:

S1. MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI B091910358
S2. MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI B091910396
S3. MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN B091910008
S4. NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED B091910219

ASSESSEMENT RUBRICS

MARK
ASSESSMENT TASK/ITEMS GIVEN MARKS
ALLOCATION

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 1. Clear delivery of ideas 10
2. Confident delivery of ideas 10
3. Effective and articulate delivery of ideas 15
4. Understand and respond to questions 7.5
5. Adapt delivery to audience level 7.5

MEETING MINUTES 1: Mission Statement

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting 11th April 2021 Time 8.45 p.m.

Minutes respond by MUHD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI Location Google Meet

Meeting Objective

Objectives:
1) Justification of the chosen Mission Statement
2) Construction of Mission Statement
3) Importance of Mission Statement in project planning process
4) Conclusion of findings from Mission Statement

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI YES

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

1) Identify Opportunities. 1) Discuss the problems that arise from a situation and
2) Evaluate and Prioritize Project. come up with a solution.

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 3) Market Segmentation.
4) Resource Allocation.
5) Project Timing.
2) Deciding on the product theme and design.
3) Discuss and create imaginary and sketch of the product.
4) Construct a mission statement that have product
description, target market, stakeholders, assumption and
constrain.
5) Discuss and find a solution to every question that arises.
6) Discuss and set the objective of the product.

MEETING MINUTES 2: The Need Statement

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting th
17 April 2021 Time 1.20 p.m.

Minutes respond by MUHD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI Location Google Meet

Meeting Objective

Objectives:
1) Justification of the Needs Statement
2) Construction of the Needs Statement
3) Importance of Identifying Customer Needs in project planning process
4) Conclusion of findings from Identifying Customer Needs

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI YES

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

1) Method to identify customer 1) Gather raw data from customer by google form.

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 needs.
2) Problem statement. 2) Interpret data in term of customer needs. Arrange the
data using hierarchy.
3) Review the result and discuss the solution.
4) Know the target market and their needs.
5) Construct the need statement table.

MEETING MINUTES 3: The House of Quality

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting nd
22 April 2021 Time 2.00 p.m.

Minutes respond by NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED Location Microsoft Teams

Meeting Objective

Objectives:
1) Justification of the House of Quality creation
2) Construction of House of Quality
3) Explanation of technical specification that considered the most critical
4) Conclusion of findings from House of Quality

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI YES

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

1) Design Priorities 1) Discuss about customer needs and prioritize the

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 2) Customer Requirements
3) Decision Making
important requirement, based on importance weight.
2) Make the best selection
3) Finalized the technical specification that has been
considered
4) Make a HoQ table and give a consideration based on the
importance of each feature
5) Calculate the score and justify the rank order

MEETING MINUTES 4: Concept Development & Selection

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting th
26 May2021 Time 8.45 p.m.

Minutes respond by NUR FATIN ANBILAH BINTI MD FARED Location Google Meet

Meeting Objective

Objectives:
1) Justification of the create Conceptual Sketches & Concept Selection
2) Construction of the Conceptual Sketches & Concept Selection
3) Importance of Conceptual Sketches & Concept Selection in product design and development
process
4) Conclusion of findings from Conceptual Sketches & Concept Selection

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI YES

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

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 1) Concept Generation
2) In House Information
3) Systematic Combination of
Concept
4) Concept Selection Method
1) Clarify and deconstruct the problem based on customer
needs and mission statement.
2) Brainstorming to find idea and discuss about it.
3) List three different concept and sub function and
tabulate the concept.
4) Construct a conceptual sketch.
5) Construct Weighted Rating Evaluation Method to
making decisions on conceptual selection.

MEETING MINUTES 5: Project Management

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting th
7 June 2021 Time 2.00 p.m.

Minutes respond by MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM B. ROSLIN Location Google Meet

Meeting Objective

Objectives:
1) Justification of the create Project Management
2) Construction of the Project Management
3) Importance of Project Management in product design and development process
4) Conclusion of findings from Project Management

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI YES

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

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 1) Product costing 1) All the team members discussed on to brainstorm the best
2) Selling price solution in product costing which is to ensure cost saving
3) Project Gantt Chart expenses without neglecting best quality.
4) Organization Chart 2) Our executive marketing, Fatin from the marketing
department has presented her budget including estimated
target cost for the production of foldable shopping bag.
3) The team discussed the overall development time
consumed throughout this project progress; the whole
development time was about 14 weeks starting from
project proposal to the final documentation.
4) The project leader requested to create the organizational
chart to be included into the final documentation.

MEETING MINUTES 6: Project Documentation Review

Project Name Foldable Shopping Bag

Date of Meeting th
28 June 2021 Time 10.00 a.m.

Minutes respond by MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM B. ROSLIN Location Microsoft Teams

Meeting Objective
Objectives:
1) To do a post mortem towards the project documentation after compiling process
2) To discuss on some improvements for the project documentation
3) To review thoroughly on the project documentation to ensure criterion perfection
4) To determine errors (if any) in the structure of the project documentation

Attendance

No. Title / Position Name of Member Notes

1 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN YES
2 DESIGN DIRECTOR MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI YES
3 EXECUTIVE MARKETING NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED YES
4 QUALITY ENGINEER MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI NO

Agenda and Notes, Discussion, Issues

Topic Discussion

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 1) Review and post mortem
2) Product Planning and
Identifying Customer Needs
3) Design Phase
4) Discussion and
Recommendation
5) Presentation and Evaluation
1) The project leader call upon the final meeting to have a
final check towards the final report documentation
together with all the team members.
2) The product planning and identifying customer needs
has been completed initially as main process of project
3) The designs were completed and all documents from
Solidworks software has been saved for archive.
4) The team members have discussed on all the summary
of the project as well as recommendations for future
reference on improvisation of the project.
5) The presentation and evaluation on each member also
have been done and finalized. The team ended the
project up until this final progress.

PROJECT
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

PRODUCT DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT

BMMD 2324
(REKA BENTUK & PEMBANGUNAN PRODUK)

LECTURER’S NAME DR. HAMBALI BIN BOEJANG

STUDENT’S NAME MATRIX NO

S1. MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN SUHAIMI B091910358
S2. MUHAMMAD IBNUR AMEERUL BIN MAT ROZI B091910396
S3. MUHAMMAD IQMAL HAKIM BIN ROSLIN B091910008
S4. NUR FATIN NABILAH BINTI MD FARED B091910219

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 PROJECT

TASK 3 – PRODUCT VIDEO DEMONSTRATION

VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/HznC59pplWA

PROJECT

TASK 4 – VIDEO PRESENTATION

VIDEO LINK https://youtu.be/huZTO7jtKV0

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