Numbers

Date: - 09 /11/2022 ( Wednesday )

Topic: - Numbers

• Concept
• Rules
• Questions
Importance of Profile in MBA

Types of Numbers
According to the properties and how they are represented in the number line, the numbers
are classified into different types. Each classification of number is provided herewith
description, properties, and examples to understand it in a better way. The different types
of numbers are as follows:

Natural Numbers
Natural numbers are also called “counting numbers” which contains the set of positive
integers from 1 to infinity. The set of natural numbers is represented by the letter “N”.
The natural number set is defined by:
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….}
Examples: 35, 59, 110, etc.
Properties of Natural Numbers:

• Addition of natural numbers is closed, associative, and commutative.

• Natural Number multiplication is closed, associative, and commutative.
• The identity element of a natural number under addition is zero.
• The identity element of a natural number under Multiplication is one.

Whole Numbers
Whole numbers are also known as natural numbers with zero. The set consists of non-
negative integers where it does not contain any decimal or fractional part. The whole
number set is represented by the letter “W”. The natural number set is defined by:
W = {0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ……….}
Examples: 67, 0, 49, 52, etc.
Properties of Whole Numbers:

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 Numbers

• Whole numbers are closed under addition and multiplication.

• Zero is the additive identity element of the whole numbers.
• 1 is the multiplicative identity element.
• It obeys the commutative and associative property of addition and multiplication.
• It satisfies the distributive property of multiplication over addition and vice versa.
• Learn more about whole numbers here.

Integers

Integers are defined as the set of all whole numbers with a negative set of natural numbers.
The integer set is represented by the symbol “Z”. The set of integers is defined as:
Z = {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
Examples: -52, 0, -1, 16, 82, etc.

Properties of Integers:

• Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

• The commutative property is satisfied for addition and multiplication of integers.
• It obeys the associative property of addition and multiplication.
• It obeys the distributive property for addition and multiplication.
• Additive identity of integers is 0.
• Multiplicative identity of integers is 1.

Real Numbers
Any number such as positive integers, negative integers, fractional numbers or decimal
numbers without imaginary numbers are called the real numbers. It is represented by the
letter “R”.
Examples: ¾, 0.333, √2, 0, -10, 20, etc.
Properties of Real Numbers:

• Real Numbers are commutative, associate, and distributive under addition and
multiplication.
• Real numbers obey the inverse property.
• Additive and multiplicative identity elements of real numbers are 0 and 1,
respectively.

Rational Numbers

Any number that can be written in the form of p/q, i.e., a ratio of one number over another
number is known as rational numbers. A rational number can be represented by the letter
“Q”.

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 Numbers

Examples: 7/1, 10/2, 1/1, 0/1, etc.

Properties of Rational Numbers:

• Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and

division.
• It satisfies commutative and associative property under addition and multiplication.
• It obeys distributive property for addition and subtraction.

Irrational Numbers
The number that cannot be expressed in the form of p/q. It means a number that cannot be
written as the ratio of one over another is known as irrational numbers. It is represented by
the letter ”P”.

Examples: √2, π, Euler’s constant, etc

Properties of Irrational Numbers:

• Irrational numbers do not satisfy the closure property.

• It obeys commutative and associative property under addition and multiplication.
• Irrational Numbers are distributive under addition and subtraction.

Complex Numbers
A number that is in the form of a+bi is called complex numbers, where “a and b” should be a
real number and “i” is an imaginary number.
Examples: 4 + 4i, -2 + 3i, 1 +√2i, etc

Properties of Complex Numbers:

• The following properties hold for the complex numbers:

• Associative property of addition and multiplication.
• Commutative property of addition and multiplication.
• Distributive property of multiplication over addition.

Imaginary Numbers
The imaginary numbers are categorized under complex numbers. It is the product of real
numbers with the imaginary unit “i”. The imaginary part of the complex numbers is defined
by Im (Z).
Examples: √2, i2, 3i, etc.

Question

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 Numbers

How many factors of 24 x 35 x 10+ are perfect squares which are greater than 1? [TITA]

Solution

24 x 35 x 104

24 x 35 x 24 x 54
28 x 35 x 54
Now, for any number to be a perfect square, it must have an even number of factors.
So, if we consider 28, only powers of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 can lead to perfect squares - 5 ways If we
consider 35, only powers of 0, 2, 4 can lead to perfect squares - 3 ways
If we consider 54, only powers of 0. 2, 4 can lead to perfect squares - 3 ways
So, total number of possibilities = 5 x 3 x 3 ways = 45 ways Since we need to find the number
of factors greater than 1,

Required number of ways = 45-1= 44 ways

Question 2
If N and x are positive integers such that NN = 2160 and N2+2N is an integral multiple of 2%,
then the largest possible x is (TITA)

Solution
Given that N and X are positive integers such that NN = 2160 and N2+2N is an integral
multiple of 2* Now we have to find the largest possible value for x

NN 2160 We can rewrite this 2160 as (20)

such that 2PN=q
pq = 160
We can try by substituting p and q with 2 and 80 respectively (22)80=480

This doesn't work so we can try by substituting p and q with 4 and 40 respectively
(24)40=1640
This also doesn't work so now we can substitute p and q with 5 and 32 respectively
Such that (25)32 = 3232 Now we can say that N = 32
N2+2N322 + 232 = 2xx k (where k is the integral multiple)

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 Numbers

N2+2N210+232 = 2x x k since 322 = (25)2

N2+2N 210 (1+222)= 2x x k
This (1+222) is an odd number so the number is going to be 210 x multiple of the odd
number Hence the largest power of 2 can be 10 i.e. 210
Xmax = 10 The largest possible x is 10

Question
How many 3-digit numbers are there, for which the product of their digits is more than 2
but less than 7?

Solution
Let the 3-digit number be a b c so possible values of a x b x c are 3,4,5 and 6.
If a x b x c=3, ( a , b , c )=(1,1,3),total such numbers=3 If a x b x c=4,(a,b,c)=(1,1,4) or
(1,2,2),total such numbers=6
If a x b x c =5,( a , b , c )=(1,1,5),total such numbers=3 If a x b x e = 6,( a , b , c ) = ( 1 , 1 , 6 )
, ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) ,total such numbers=9
Thus total possible values of abc = 3+6+3+9 = 21

Number of Question Done: - 3

Homework

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