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Locating Points and Midpoints
Locating Points and Midpoints
Locating Points and Midpoints
1. RAINFALL Mrs. Smith’s class measured the 3.
amount of rainfall each month during the school year.
If the minimum rainfall was 1.7 centimeters and the SOLUTION:
maximum rainfall was 6.9 centimeters, find the Here, the number line is marked with an interval of 3.
midpoint. The point A is at –12 and C is at 6.
SOLUTION:
4.3 cm
ANSWER: So, the midpoint of is –3 which is the point
4.3 cm between –6 and 0.
Use the number line to find the coordinate of ANSWER:
the midpoint of each segment. –3
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a
2. segment with the given endpoints.
4. M(7, 1), N(4, –1)
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Here, the number line is marked with an interval of 3.
The point B is at 0 and D is at 18. Use the Midpoint Formula.
So, the midpoint of is 9 which is the point The midpoint of is (5.5, 0).
between 6 and 12.
ANSWER:
ANSWER: (5.5, 0)
9
5. J(5, –3), K(3, –8) 7. Find the coordinates of G if F(1, 3.5) is the midpoint
of and J has coordinates (6, –2).
SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula SOLUTION:
Let the coordinates of G be (x, y).
Then by the Midpoint Formula,
.
Write two equations to find the coordinates of G.
The midpoint of is (4, –5.5).
ANSWER:
(4, –5.5)
6. Find the measure of if M is the midpoint of
and LM = 3x – 2 and MN = 2x + 1.
SOLUTION:
Draw and place M at the midpoint.
The coordinates of G are (–4, 9).
Then 3x –2 = 2x + 1 ANSWER:
(–4, 9)
Then LM = 3x –2 or 3(3) – 2 = 7
ANSWER:
7
Refer to the number line. For each exercise, refer to the coordinate grid.
The distance from W to Z is 9 units. SOLUTION:
To find the point of the distance from W to Z, find Find the distance between the x-coordinates of X
. and Y.
To find the coordinate of N, add 3 to the coordinate Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
of W, –5. So point N is at –2 on the number line.
ANSWER: Add this to the x-coordinate of X to determine the
-2 x-coordinate of M.
.
9. Find the point M on that is of the distance The x-coordinate of M is .
from X to Y.
SOLUTION: Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of
X and Y.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Then find the location of N.
Add this to the y-coordinate of X to determine the
x-coordinate of M.
. The y-coordinate of M is .
Thus, point M is located at .
Thus, M is 2 units from X or at 1.
ANSWER: ANSWER:
1
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
SOLUTION:
Add this to the x-coordinate of X to determine the Substitute the coordinates for A and Z into the
x-coordinate of N. midpoint formula .
.
The x-coordinate of N is –1. = or (–1.5, 2)
Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of
ANSWER:
X and Y.
(–1.5, 2)
13. REASONING A business is trying to decide where
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance. to build an office. The business wants to place the
office halfway between city B and city C. If city B is
at (3, 9) and city C is at (3, –5), find the coordinates
Add this to the y-coordinate of X to determine the of the midpoint.
x-coordinate of N.
SOLUTION:
. The y-coordinate of N is –3.
Substitute the coordinates for A and B into the
Thus, point N is located at (–1, –3) . midpoint formula.
ANSWER:
(–1, –3)
The office should be placed at (3, 2).
ANSWER:
(3, 2)
Use the number line to find the coordinate of 16.
the midpoint of each segment.
SOLUTION:
F is at –3 and G is at 0.
14.
SOLUTION:
J is at 6 and L is at 11.
The midpoint is –1.5.
ANSWER:
–1.5
The midpoint is 8.5. 17.
ANSWER: SOLUTION:
8.5 E is at –6 and F is at –3.
15.
SOLUTION:
H is at 3, and K is at 9.
The midpoint is –4.5.
ANSWER:
–4.5
The midpoint is 6.
ANSWER:
6
18. Find the coordinates of the midpoint of a
segment with the given endpoints.
SOLUTION: 20. W(12, 2), X(7, 9)
E is at –6 and L is at 11.
SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula
The midpoint is 2.5.
ANSWER: The midpoint of is (9.5, 5.5).
2.5
ANSWER:
19. (9.5, 5.5)
SOLUTION: 21. C(22, 4), B(15, 7)
F is at –3 and K is at 9.
SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula
The midpoint is 3.
ANSWER: The midpoint of is (18.5, 5.5).
3
ANSWER:
(18.5, 5.5)
22. V(–2, 5), Z(3, –17) 24. J(–11.2, –3.4), K(–5.6, –7.8)
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula. Use the Midpoint Formula.
The midpoint of is (–8.4, –5.6).
The midpoint of is (0.5, –6). ANSWER:
ANSWER: (–8.4, –5.6)
(0.5, –6) 25. X(–2.4, –14), Y(–6, –6.8)
23. D(–15, 4), E(2, –10) SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Use the Midpoint Formula.
Use the Midpoint Formula.
The midpoint of is (–4.2, –10.4).
ANSWER:
The midpoint of is (–6.5, –3). (–4.2, –10.4)
ANSWER:
(–6.5, –3)
26. 27.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula. Use the Midpoint Formula.
The midpoint of is
The midpoint of is
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
Find the coordinates of the missing endpoint if 29. C(–5, 4), B(–2, 5)
B is the midpoint of
SOLUTION:
28. A(1, 7), B(–3, 1)
Let A be (x, y).
SOLUTION: Then by the Midpoint Formula,
Let the coordinates of C be (x, y). .
Then by the Midpoint Formula,
.
Write two equations to find the coordinates of A.
Write two equations to find the coordinates of C.
The coordinates of A are (1, 6).
The coordinates of C are (–7, –5).
ANSWER:
ANSWER: A(1, 6)
C(–7, –5)
30. C(–6, –2), B(–3, –5) 31. A(–4, 2), B(6, –1)
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Let the coordinates of A be (x, y). Let the coordinates of C be (x, y).
Then by the Midpoint Formula, Then by the Midpoint Formula,
. .
Write two equations to find the coordinates of A. Write two equations to find the coordinates of C.
The coordinates of C are (16, –4).
The coordinates of A are (0, –8). ANSWER:
C(16, –4)
ANSWER:
A(0, –8)
33. A(4, –0.25), B(–4, 6.5)
32.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Let the coordinates of C be (x, y).
Let the coordinates of A be (x, y).
Then by the Midpoint Formula,
Then by the Midpoint Formula, .
.
Write two equations to find the coordinates of C.
Write two equations to find the coordinates of A.
The coordinates of C are (–12, 13.25).
ANSWER:
C(–12, 13.25)
The coordinates of A are .
ANSWER:
Then, x = 11.
Then y = –1. FM = 3x – 4
= 3(11) – 4
FM = 5y + 13 = 29
= 5(–1) + 13 MG = 5x – 26
= 8 = 5(11) – 26
MG = 5 – 3y = 29
= 5 – 3(–1) FG = FM + MG
= 8 = 29 + 29
FG = FM + MG = 58
= 8 + 8
ANSWER:
= 16
58
ANSWER:
16
36. FM = 8a + 1, FG = 42, a = ? 37. MG = 7x – 15, FG = 33, x = ?
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
If M is the midpoint, then .
If M is the midpoint, then
Substitute.
Substitute.
So, FM = 21.
Thus MG = 16.5 .
Find x,
ANSWER: ANSWER:
2.5 4.5
The distance from B to D is 6 unit.
To find the point of the distance from B to D, find Add this distance to the coordinate of A to find that
. point X is at 2.6 on the number line.
ANSWER:
Add 4 to the coordinate of B to find that point X is at 2.6
–1 on the number line.
ANSWER:
-1
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Find the distance between the x-coordinates of A Find the distance between the x-coordinates of R
and B. and S.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance. Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Add this to the x-coordinate of A to determine the Add this to the x-coordinate of R to determine the
x-coordinate of X. x-coordinate of X.
. .
The x-coordinate of X is –3.6. The x-coordinate of X is –3.
Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of
A and B. R and S.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance. Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Add this to the y-coordinate of A to determine the Add this to the y-coordinate of R to determine the
y-coordinate of X. y-coordinate of X.
. The y-coordinate of X is .
. The y-coordinate of X is –2.2.
Thus, point X is located at
Thus, point X is located at (–3.6, –2.2).
ANSWER:
ANSWER:
(–3.6, –2.2)
SOLUTION:
Since the ratio of the measure is 1:2, 2JX = XK. SOLUTION:
So, JK = JX + XK = JX + 2JX or 3JX. Thus, JX is Since the ratio of the measure is 2:1, 1MX = 2XN.
So, MN = MX + XN = 2XN + XN or 3XN. Thus,
of JK.
XN is of MN or MX is of MN.
Find the distance between the x-coordinates of J
and K. Find the distance between the x-coordinates of M
and K.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Add this to the x-coordinate of J to determine the
x-coordinate of X. Add this to the x-coordinate of M to determine the
. x-coordinate of X.
The x-coordinate of X is 1. .
The x-coordinate of X is .
Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of
J and K.
Then, find the distance between the y-coordinates of
M and N.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Multiply the distances by the fractional distance.
Add this to the y-coordinate of J to determine the y-
coordinate of X.
Add this to the y-coordinate of M to determine the
. The y-coordinate of X is . y-coordinate of X.
Thus, point X is located at . The y-coordinate of X is .
ANSWER: Thus, point X is located at
ANSWER:
Determine the coordinates of the points that 47. Two points on the x-axis are 10 units from (1, 8).
satisfy each condition.
SOLUTION:
46. Two points on the y-axis are 25 units from (–24, 3).
The y-coordinate of the point on the x-axis is 0.
SOLUTION: So, the point would be of the form (x, 0).
The y-coordinate of the point on the x-axis is 0.
So, the point would be of the form (x, 0). Use the Distance Formula to find an expression for
the distance between the points (x. 0) and (1, 8) and
Use the Distance Formula to find an expression for equate it to 10.
the distance between the points (x, 0) and (–24, 3)
and equate it to 25.
There are two possible values for x, –5 and 7.
So, the two points are (–4, 0) and (7, 0).
There are two possible values for y, –4 and 10.
So, the two points are (0, –4) and (0, 10). ANSWER:
(–5, 0), (7, 0)
ANSWER:
(0, – 4), (0, 10) 48. MODELING Points A and B represent two cities.
Where should the state place a rest area so it is
halfway between cities A and B?
SOLUTION:
Substitute the coordinates for A and B into the
midpoint formula .
ANSWER:
(1, 3)
SOLUTION:
Use the Midpoint Formula to find the coordinates of The distance from A to the midpoint is 12.1, thus the
distance of the whole segment is .
C.
ANSWER:
24.2
51. CONSTRUCTION Copy the figure. Use a
compass and straightedge to determine whether B is
the midpoint
of . Explain.
Use the Midpoint Formula to find the coordinates of SOLUTION:
B. First, place the compass point at A and set the width
to be greater than half of the segment.
Next, drew arcs above and below the segment.
ANSWER:
Then, without changing the compass setting, place the
point at D and drew arcs that intersected the first
set.
a. Find the latitude and longitude of the midpoint of
the segment between Wilmington and Winston-Salem.
b. Use an atlas or the Internet to find a city near the
Draw a line segment through the arcs. Notice, that location of the midpoint.
the line segment drawn through the arcs does not c. If Winston-Salem is the midpoint of the segment
intersect point B. with one endpoint at Wilmington, find the latitude and
longitude of the other endpoint.
d. Use an atlas or the Internet to find a city near the
location of the other endpoint.
SOLUTION:
a.
Thus, point B is not the midpoint of .
ANSWER: M = (35.2°, 79.1°)
No; I placed my compass point at A and set the width
to be greater than half of the segment. I drew arcs b. A search of the coordinates on the Internet yields
above and below the segment. Without changing the a possible answer of Fayetteville, NC.
compass setting, I placed the point at D and drew c. Since the coordinates for Winston-Salem are (36.1,
arcs that intersected the first set. The line segment 80,2), we can substitute those values in for the
drawn through the arcs does not intersect point B. coordinates of the midpoint and solve for the missing
coordinates.
52. PERSEVERANCE Wilmington, North Carolina, is Coordinates of other endpoint (37.9°, 82.5°)
located at (34.3°, 77.9°), which represents north d. A search of the coordinates on the Internet yields
latitude and west longitude. Winston-Salem is in the a possible answer of Prestonburg, KY.
northern part of the state at (36.1°, 80.2°).
ANSWER:
a. (35.2°, 79.1°)
b. Sample answer: Fayetteville
c. (37.9°, 82.5°)
d. Sample Answer: Prestonburg. Kentucky c. Sample answer: For each line segment, use the
ruler to measure the length of AB, AC, and AD.
53. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
Record your results in a table.
problem, you will explore the relationship between a
midpoint of a segment and the midpoint between the
endpoint and the midpoint.
a. GEOMETRIC Use a straightedge to draw three
different line segments. Label the endpoints A and B.
b. GEOMETRIC For each line segment, use a
compass and straightedge to find the midpoint of d.
and label it C. Then find the midpoint of and
label it D.
c. TABULAR Measure and record AB, AC, and AD
for each line segment. Organize your results into a
table.
d. ALGEBRAIC If AB = x, write an expression for
the measures AC and AD.
e . VERBAL Make a conjecture about the
relationship between AB and each segment if you
were to continue to find the midpoints of a segment
e . Let AB = x and look for a pattern.
and a midpoint you previously found.
SOLUTION: Number of
Length of Smallest Segment
a. Sample answer: Use a ruler to draw 3 line Midpoints
segments between any two numbered marks, x1 and 1
x2 . Label the endpoints A and B.
2
4
n
If n midpoints are found, then the smallest segment
will have a measure of .
b. Sample answer: Find C = and place a
ANSWER:
point on each line segment at this coordinate. Repeat
the process to find the coordinate for point D by using a. Sample answer:
the coordinates for points A and C.
b. Sample answer:
54. MULTI-STEP John wants to center a canvas,
which is 8 feet wide, on his living room wall, which is
17 feet wide. Where on the wall should John mark
the location of the nails, if the canvas requires nails
every of its length, excluding the edges? Explain
your solution process.
c. Sample answer: SOLUTION:
First find the midpoint of the wall.
Then find the midpoint of the canvas.
d. Since the midpoint of the canvas aligns with the
midpoint of the wall, I know that one edge of the
e . Sample answer: If n midpoints are found, then the
canvas will be at 8.5 – 4 = 4.5 feet from the corner
smallest segment will have a measure of . of the wall, and the other canvas edge will be at 8.5 +
4 =12.5 feet from the corner of the wall.
The canvas requires nails every of its length or
every 1.6 feet, excluding the endpoints.
So the canvas needs a nail 6.1 ft, 7.7 ft, 9.3 ft, and
10.9 ft from the corner of the wall.
ANSWER:
I found the midpoint of the wall and the midpoint of
the canvas using the midpoint formula.
, . Since the
midpoint of the canvas aligns with the midpoint of the
wall, I know that one edge of the canvas will be at
8.5 – 4 = 4.5 feet from the corner of the wall, and the
other canvas edge will be at 8.5 + 4 =12.5 feet from
the corner of the wall. The canvas requires nails
every of its length or every 1.6 feet, excluding the
endpoints. So the canvas needs a nail 6.1 ft, 7.7 ft,
9.3 ft, and 10.9 ft from the corner of the wall.
55. REASONING Is the point one third of the way from (
the point ? Explain.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Choose some points that lie on horizontal, vertical, and diagonal line segments. Use the distance formula to det
distance between the first pair of points and the first point and the new point.
(x 1, y1) (x 2, y2) Distance between first pair of points
The point P divides the line segment AD in the ratio
(–3, 0) (6, 0) 2:1.
(0, 1) (0, 13) Find the length of AD.
(0, 0) (6, 0)
(9,12) (0, 0)
(0, 0) (12, 9)
(–4, –5) (5, 7) Since the ratio of AP to PD is 2 to 1, the ratio of
AP to AD is 2 to 3. Find the length of AP.
(3, –2) (3, 4)
Test each pair of distances. Only 2 = and 5 =
way from (x 1, y1) to (x 2, y2). Therefore, the correct answer is sometimes.
ANSWER: If point P is on segment AD, then it must satisfy the
Sample answer: sometimes; when the point (x 1, y1) has coordinates (0, 0).
equation of . Find the slope and equation of
56. CHALLENGE Point P is located on the segment .
between point A(1, 4) and point D(7, 13). The
distance from A to P is twice the distance from P to
D. What are the coordinates of point P?
SOLUTION:
Write the equation for the line.
57. PRECISION Draw a segment and name it .
Using only a compass and a straightedge, construct a
SOLUTION:
Sample answer:
Use the distance formula and substitution to solve
for x if P = (x, y).
Draw Next, draw a construction line and place
point C on it. From C, strike 6 arcs in succession of
length AB. On the sixth length, perform a
segment bisector two times to create a length.
Label the endpoint D.
Since P is on , it must be in quadrant I. So, x ANSWER:
cannot equal –3. Use the equation of the line and x Sample answer:
= 5 to determine the value of the y-coordinate for
the point P.
Draw Next, draw a construction line and place
point C on it. From C, strike 6 arcs in succession of
So, the coordinates of P are (5, 10). length AB. On the sixth length, perform a
58. WRITING IN MATH Describe a method of finding 59. Jamar plots two points, P and Q, on a coordinate
the midpoint of a segment that has one endpoint at (0, plane. The midpoint of the points is M(–3, 4). Which
0). Derive the midpoint formula, give an example of the following could be the points that Jamar plots?
using your method, and explain why your method A P(–5, 10) and Q(1, 2)
B P(–2, 6) and Q(–4, 2)
works.
C P(–7, 1) and Q(4, 3)
SOLUTION: D P(–1, 7) and Q(2, 3)
Divide each coordinate of the endpoint that is not
SOLUTION:
located at the origin by 2.
To find the endpoints of Jamar's plots, find the
For example, if the segment has coordinates (0, 0) midpoint for each answer choice.
and (–10, 6), the midpoint is located at A. This
does not match the midpoint (–3, 4).
B. This
matches the midpoint. So,
P(–2, 6) and Q(–4, 2) are the endpoints.
C. This
does not match the midpoint (–3, 4).
D This
Using the Midpoint Formula, if the endpoints of the
does not match the midpoint (–3, 4).
segment are (0, 0) and (a, b), the midpoint is
ANSWER:
or
B
ANSWER:
Sample answer: Divide each coordinate of the
endpoint that is not located at the origin by 2. For
example, if the segment has coordinates (0, 0) and (–
10, 6), the midpoint is located at
Using the Midpoint Formula, if the endpoints of the
segment are (0, 0) and (a, b), the midpoint is
or
J
MP + PN = MN
SOLUTION: PN = MN - MP
Find the midpoint of . PN = 5.2 - 1.3 = 3.9
ANSWER:
A
SOLUTION:
The midpoint of is 4. First, use the distance formula to find PQ.
The distance between the midpoints is
. Thus the correct choice is J.
Since , we know that PR = 5.
ANSWER:
J
ANSWER:
B, D
Let the coordinates of Y be .
The coordinates of Y are (1, 16).
Which of the following is the best estimate of the
ANSWER: total length of the bridges?
(1, 16)
A 8.5 units
64. Each unit of the coordinate plane represents 1 mile. B 12.5 units
Kate drives along a straight road from city hall C to C 13.6 units
the library L. Which statement best describes the D 19.5 units
distance Kate drives? E 128 units
SOLUTION:
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance
between each set of points.
Add the distance of each segment to get the total
distance.
A. Kate drives exactly 8 miles. The correct choice is D.
B. Kate drives less than 8 miles.
ANSWER:
C. Kate drives exactly 58 miles.
D
D. Kate drives less than 58 miles.
SOLUTION:
Katie drives less than 8 miles.
ANSWER:
B