a Fire Engines §2 | Fire Engines in Colour *¢ | in Colour a: ta eae ee eae eae eae)Denis Bishop's stikingly atractive coloured “drawings, sing coloured inks to achieve exceptional briliance, Show the development of fi-fighting ‘pphances-— from the otliet hand ‘uit fo. the most. modem. twin ‘engined airport appliance capabie of Sccnlerting tom 0 to 58 mph. in Under 60 seconds, built forthe Mazards thusist's journal has ‘writen “an authoritative text giving technical de is of the machines tlustated and accounts of the histories of th offre appliance design and glossary ‘of fire-appliance types 196 pager of fl-colou lust. tions and many addtional totus tions. show altogether some 200 ‘machines from Brain, the USA. Wester Europe, Easter Europe and Japan. This i @ unique book on 2 iascinting and evocativesubject which ‘wll be much in demand among fre ‘men, femen-manques, children and {choo Ibrarions, and all general faders with taste for beautlly ilusratedbooks ontechnical-historical subjects. ll Eee FIRE ENGINES IN COLOUR- FIRE ENGINES IN COLOUR by Artbur Ingram devised and illustrated by Denis Bishop LONDON BLANDFORD PRESS.int postin 1973 ©1973 mandrd Pres La, 167 High Hatton, Landon WC1V 6P 1. ms 07137 0627 9 CONTENTS a a7 207 233 Colour seston printed by Cour Repeototions Lid Tes etl ed mare Ba (CTinling & Co. Lay Preeo and LondonPREFACE this book dels with ireSighting appliances, equipment and in all pars of the world and provide ilstrations and of schicles fom some fen dfleret countries, a certain ‘of Bea information and wshicle descriptions will "This s parly”an inevitable consequence of the greater Ay of British formation tothe author, but alo reflects the ‘of Britain in mont of the great cpochs of fire engine ie was the Fire of London that stared it all re begade st in Botaio and the frst American scare? was the work of capacity apparatuses and specialised airport appliances will be tobe well represented, authors stout to present an informative and readable volume the general reader dealing with this spine subjoxt wich has Title ateaton in the field of serious industrial history. For reason, the text has not been over lared with techaical dat there will no doubt appear 10 some readers gaps a ins acording to their personal preferences. In the preparation the book every altempe has been made to provide a balance of countries, manufacturer and calous, but many worthy eats Thad to be passed over. We hope nevertheless that our readers that we have been sucessful in producing an atractie and introduction tothe fascinating std of fie engine ‘Our grateful thanks go wo all those companies and individuals who elped with illustrsioss and information on fire-fighting, and in 1o the following: Sven Bengt, Hugh Chamber, Joh ater Davis, Joba Dyson, Bryan Edwards, G. N. ob Graham, Niels Jansen and Jonn Thompson. We also lke to thank the fllowing organisations for help 0 freely the Beitsh Home Office, the Landon Fire Brigade, the ‘of Defence and Old Motor Magazin, A Particular debt of gratitude is owed to G. 1. Hartner who ‘much of the information and many of the ilusratons _S@icering machine and builders on the coatinent of Europe. q 7INTRODUCTION “a science and ivenbon. As modern cvilation hat eo. so man has invent, developed and improved the machines May we hea af fh methods ead of improved processes Ne new materia, some of wich bring swHh them gent for carfl thought about combating the rks herent ie. New materia can have a high ik of combustion, in prose tone waste ands ew metho san be he for an reas in the number of acide i i not is agains this ever-changing background of modern development development of the fre engin tht this book attempes 10 We should ot lowe sight of te fact that no story would be rithout that intrepid band of men who throughout the work vec. No doubt for water bags or buckets made fom animal skin the eases method of application because they were light to and easy to repair. I is probable that many fies once they had 1 hold onthe material which was burning were just left t0 thempels out because the mcats of extinction avilable wer for a ere blae man progressed and built more substantial dwelling 50 the need oe ateter method of puting water on to the fame, especially buildings were beyond the reach of water thrown from a bucket. ly woven buckets, leather buckets metal buckets, wooden °cic hooks, nes metal gues oe syringes, and then force pumps, Trobably the boring building would be seme dance from the water suply w ene f the Sat things ecded was » method of {Vamp water fom sappy tore, For many unfa of eas {hetund tat we thon mans of moving ater eras low and ‘wasteful. If there were many people about then a chain could be Tovmel by arungng them i & ne and passing che backs slong {rum hand coal he wav al ght slong a tere were enough ot rah poe and bucket, bx wither lel sop a ath te fewer surerowin “The snp peo quit or syringe had ben known since the days cof the Romans, but in thee counties which had never how the Cary csatnes oe had sfeed deine in ther Knowledge and Stars during periods of wa robe taro was ecsay for them to arm of uch thing from the worof travelers, These urs ‘edit oma sal ne capable beng worked by oe man to Thus larger pes ahh although capable of sqirng 2h larger oon ef uence nel no tee eno aerate ihtm: Again these aus need spl of water rcsern had fo be brought nea othe ire tha hes could Saw water fromthe crn and dlver i om there. The ation of thew squirts was onthe sane pipe ay a garden syenge the type ‘bout a ater tank) See plat I fora quite appliance. ‘Ahoagh desig of water pump are Enown fo have existed inthe carly clsaton ofthe Grek and Romans hei exstence appears {o'Bae Bun forte Bcave from the pops of story we ead of ‘Pumps beng iroduad ito Europea lat a 1583. Ts scans v0 [ircteen Bue the writing ofthe ex inventor and crfsmen tere nt tant unl abot that tine. So the welbinown sat {pusnng buckets along ain of volunteer from source to suitor pump wot wad unl each Ue ass pump capable a raving water roma pnd was prec. The ery pups were nigel throw ae of wate frm where thy inl wich way nfo tee a hey coul ay ‘ fontioned. The amp methansm was made o be ee with. oF Sonpive the sll srage reservar or ater which bad to be ‘Sovtamly hep filed by buck chain, Thee carly pumps tok tru fr Mt af tients te nee oe form of acon which convene the regular rhe movement tne aon muscle nto a soins tof water twas therefore crow thre wo pumps working on opponte res ot make the pump work onto apand down sake double actin. 0 concerning the use of these early pump was that Mite heary to move around, and some wert mounted on 3 ; Mee with ronncrs tile to 0 sledge oo that they cou be othe fre and theft turned toward the blaze. Around the century some of the heavy engines were mounted on wheels fl ranspor about tis ine reference found to an engine which was in M largesize squir moved about on wheel, where he water was, from the norzle by srew pressure onthe piston moving inside ofthe squirt, See plate 2 for an illustration ofthis type of from the sixteenth and seventeenth centric show th ‘design of pumps was now undertoad in many’ parts of Furope find manual engines were kept by parishes, (owns, estates and was about 1670 that Jan van der Heyden of Holland experi ‘with narrow snips of hide joined by sewing to form tube were then joined end to cr to form the firs lengths oie hose “and this was placed between the pump and the metal cele, The fre was now given much greater fev inh attack onthe re, the pump need not be positioned 0 loss to the fre and rk beng “As the me of leather delivery hose became more widespread it was by teing joined in long lengts complet with metal end fig which led wih rama ome thee 0 Permanently attached t0 the pump. leis reported tha the ‘American firm of Sle and Pennock of Piladipa were tes ‘se copper rivets in place of sewing, and thin practice son spread to ‘ther counties. Of course leather hose lasted much longer i regularly {Betsed to maintain its fexitlity and materight proper, bot ths Mas an icksome and messy busines. Jan and Nicolas an der Heyden fhe pst te wc of eat or duty ate at see Puan and thus provided action hove to complete the operation ‘Quite often tres occurred in towns stich had ther owe water eee hs aun ih sue ad 1 he ‘was a supply to be usd if required. Accordingly they 1 dig up the oad in order to eta the water suply. The wate the hol ug inte oad and was eas pod ors which the fagies were fed, Nov only id this procedure play havoc withthe supply and its pips, butt also caused a great dal of damage to Suan nore tt he ater pea oc im tage aane fed tof plugs at various intervals along the at a connection could be made by which fremen could get i usupplies for their engines in time of nee. To gain acces to the water ‘Reman had wo remove the rep’ and attach a short piss of pipe ivan upright rion, ths giving ws the fit Bydrast in the early part of the eighteenth century some forty years after Jan van der Heyden had prodaced his ite engines and hor, a London atton maker, Richard Newsham, patented his design of fre engine. ‘This dong, hued as a great invention, reintroduced the long Tonpoten Sea of having an air chamber connected to the pnp 903 to Sgualse the pressure outpu fromthe pump. Thi bad been the Ulscovery ef Creu some 2700 years earir but had been forge Aina! 1731 when Newsham patented his design. See plate 18 for an ilustrabon ofthe Newsham sil of manual pump. "Afr the improved manual ofthe Newsham er it was eft wo other copiees and cone builders futher (0 improve the ederal fricpcs ofthe manual engines. This they did by arranging Koes ie hands which folded up for tal by arranging forthe machine to be tered and turned and by sing metal valves mnstead of leather Te era of the improved types of large manval cagincs was the 1840u when good effin engin were being pruced by soc rms ts Merryweather, Shand Masog, Baddeley and Roberts in Londoa, ‘This war the time when reasonable designs of stam fire pumps were tepianing to appear although we must return ro 1829 0 mention that Beaitwate and Eecson prodoced the first stam fre engine i hat Sour See plate 24 foran istration oftheir engine which marked the Feat great sep forward inthe history offireighing TH5s sow the design of a Hoating Gre engine by Braithwaite khoogh we have to wait unt 1852 for the veel oe Bul. Even then itwas a convertion of an Ml hand-powered fire pump which became the Birt scam floating ire engine. “The fw scleproplled steam fre engine was that built by Paul [Rapsty Hodge in New York i 1840, lustrations of this machine and 2 Tew other team fie engines including the fist European sel ‘roped steamer, ae given in plates 23100. Tom i862 cowards the mumber of steam fire engins in we steatly. grew, and. by 1866 there were ninay-one horedrawn Steamers in use in Britain, while there was said vo be seventeen firms producing steamers ia America and a handfl in Germany and France The horsedrawn sicamer continued to capture the fre gine smarke uring the nex thy ear 0 far asthe larger brigade were Suncerned; wrth the slfproplled steamer just bepnning 10 get footing atthe turn of the century. A British version ofa se-moving 2 is shown in the Merryweather Fire King in plate 37, German version ofthe idea i featured in pate 3. fre cae ier continuo rodce honedrown Moe parucolar markets for very many years, and the amp was til 4 god investment for a COUNIEY eta OF or some tie to come ig the frst ten years 30 of che twentieth century there vide variety of fire appliances all aimed at taking Jf the ne inventions and designs in self-moving veces. acne wich an anion of embiatons ofpont seopusion and Pumping sclading perl, ptrollectn, sea, lect team, petroU steam and electric perl! A selection of sith a combination of pomer sources ae shown i lates 39 6. 1? ies about 1915 the design of fire engines sted down to petal ‘aot chawis of various sizes, ‘ith the smaller types mounted on ppucumatc tyres and the heavier variety on slid "The Halley machine for Glasgow shown in ig. Ais typical of mish heavy motor chassis of the petid, apd the Dennis in fg Bs that companys design around the same ea rot all brigades could afford the luxury of a smart er aplance ening ea ans of ny and ay "steamers, manvals and horvedawa equipment. 1a instances this state of affair was accepted by the members of ‘he local Brigade, but in other cae the remen got Fed up with being “eked to ure outdated quipment. 1 epored thatthe parish coune (f Brockenhurst were actively considering the purchase of modern “equipment at this ime because there had Been several recent fires in ‘he New Forest and one had caused the otal los ofthe wooden horse i i on World War Ihe meshansation of brigades increased ‘momentum although sme of the stair towns and tl ang to thir Mapas bt wed ry ied fo count a to pull covered horedeaen puns In hile builder such as Leyland, Deans, Merrywenthe, Hats, Aran iting ihn wre ig mais ia varity of sizes in an ello to motonze as many brigade os “Pome These machines wer of fe cosrucon aod eae the {Bont modern eyipment but were sl owe the teach of se fear sutra some pat indus concers cold saith rte cqed brgata hla story ‘everthle the sel ba dha they Could 10 ‘ih ikc ltr and yore Squnen and ik vary of oor , Bchiles were to be seen sporting firefighting bodywork during the 1920s and 1930s, A lit of re engines owned by municipal brigades in 1920 reveals that in addition tthe well nown names of fire engine builders there were engines on Selden, Packard, Napier, Studebaker, Daimler, GMC, Valean, Chambers, Sta and Buick chasis. “The andard of freSghting equipment on water was also receiv ing attention and being improved. In 1926 2 new fire oat for the London brigade was commissioned. ‘This was Beta Ill by Merry weather, a tminscrew vessel of 70 A with steel hull and two Petrol parafin engines of 110 bun. each. In the same year new fesse was pat into service in Las Angeles and this veel boasted m0 Fewer than seven engines each of 300 bhp. "With the imtroduston of more and more motoe vehicles the risk of | petrol and oll res became more apparent and in 1925 the London Fire Brigade put into service ther fret appliance specially designe fs four tender for combating this type of risk. Not only was this foncem important on land but a Serious fre in 1920 in which two tgs nine barges and three fire Engines were destroyed the London County Council st up a com fnftce to study and report on the introduction of more Stringent ‘Fegulations for the carrying of ptrlin barge. “Another innovation of the time was the Biting of safety glass for engine windscreen andthe gradual adoption of pant peumatic tyres for the heavier chassis. Other important innovations of the period ‘were various types of foam for Bghting petrol and chemical ire the Greater use of good lighting at the Bre ground, and the wie of ‘xy-acetslene efting equipment. One point worthy of mention i that lt east one fire fier wa ang ofthe problems associated with ire Fighting fom the air, certainly forward looking in 1928 ‘Around the same time a Lesland appliance appeared with polished sluminium fitings in place of the more familiar brass, but it was many yeas before aay sigaiiant reduction in brass and gun met Fiingy wast take place, although the use of chromism plat Stings did commence about 1932, Tn 1929 wind of change did tart to blow through the design cies of some ire cogine manafactorers with the increasing demands for better protecuon for the crew fom weather and road accidents. During the period under review designs called “inside type’ ‘salon’, ‘all-weather, and ‘limousine’ began to be talked about and slowly “Sppeared rom the Budere works. AS each new type appeared it was ‘er cles scrutiny by many fire chiefs and much debate took place “cncerning the pros and cont of the design. Some of the new machines svere exremely attractive while others Tooked decidedly ungainly 18 put thei faith inthe inside type called ‘New World Teor totally cloned bodywork, while some stubbornly a a inal Gre chi specie the ype of wet tray fire chi pci the ye mil Py pemsealy come tow for te bo and es fies ecaioed to meat 8 ening ile Tho wero caste, fr ce sek ‘of hose, couplings, fittings, pumps, etc. It took arise Hon: Otis tebong ts aout daly. Jos Mera arcd tant! Geugh of spans, Fame ne Beguine wore pected Oy the Home ee forthe emergency. The 1930s France was beginning to worry about the fits fie force and water supplies, and in 1934 plans were Mo modernise In Germany also there was tlk of preparing for a shied fire gating force with the introduction of conscription Bhs service for one year, and in many quarters the topic was of igs attacks in & future war andthe use of Brigades to repel 1935 Germany had announced is iateation of creating a wuly fire service and started to standardise branches, hose, coup- Thydeante and. molole apparatus. This was the year of the ire Prevention and Public Security Commitee Exhi acted exhibitors from twenty-six nations. athe ing re tr wee ua rose by the an fie service the Dresden brigade had just been re-egupped “with eighteen applances incorporating the new standards. The ew ‘Hest ceainly did look impressive with front mounted pumps capable “ghee 200 lips mine a 90 i pte, and ach [ites over by Match eid doe ep 0130 “ha the western world was fighting World War I othe British fre Sco to we mor andor of te stand apn. The ‘water supplies was wo make iself felt during some of heavy incendiary bomb attacks on large towns, and emergency of water with special pipelines were setup. the cessation of hoses the Wartime fie Bet was dispersed 10 brigades setup in 1948 and they sat many year” servic, with being extensively rebuilt and modernised for even further use. olor manufacturers got into their stride with new designs of 30 the brigades gradually set about replacing the outdated Pent. Many ofthe id prewar names rturcd tothe proc fire equipment while ome others did not. Dennis, Merey~weather, Dodge, Austin, Bedford, Commer, ABC, Ford, Land-Rover| tod Maidsay were there in Varyag numbers over the next few years ‘th many vehicles going for expor ‘Almost every vehicle produced was of enclose design and the ot ‘oachrbuit bodywork with ash framing and mahogany puseling trsdualy gave way to new methods and materials. Bodywork with Blain or embossed aluminium panels stressed panelling, metal oF te construction and later gane-reiforced plastics, were pro- dosed, The tt cab has alo come fo be used in an tcressng name ‘of design, andthe castom-bit machine hat met with serous ompettion from a modified standard procton chasis with shor ‘on specialist bodywork. One interesting combination to appear 19 ‘een years hay been that of ERE chasse using bodywork procs by Jeasings, a firm now integrated as ERPs bodywork division. This ‘was a company renowned ar the builder of some very Bae lory ‘hasis from 1933, although no fie engines were tackled for some ‘thiry-odd yea. "Toward the end of the 1950s the hydraulic platform made an appearance asa firefighting faclty and ths tem of equipment bas enily gained favour allover the world. Not that the old taratable Tar hat had ite day. Far from it. With mern dexigos incorpra: ing rescue cages oF lifts and the ability to reach down below the horizontal plane ther are sill many ie Chefs who consider this pe of ladder has certain advantages for rescue work partculatly in ‘confined spaces, ‘As we said at the bepining of this section, our fire fighters conte 1 Keep pace with new hazard a the) arse, Ia resent years Sve have witnessed developments in highly moblle crossountry Sppliances, in Tully amphibious apparatus, in high speed emergency fd rescue equipment in fie fighting from conventional areraft and fcrft. Thee mises would be controlled was to charge ther oad of extinguishing material onthe fire before falling to earth. Lt continu to stad the enthraling story of firefighting of che past and to view a exciting Fotare safe in the knowledge tat we can Fly upon the continuing ingenuity ofa new generation of men who fre re fighters in every sense of the wor. = 1 Seventeeth-conney brass hard squt oF singe (UK) 2. car screw-type manus pump (Germany)eee)Otfce (UK).Ineurance Fre Mars: 12 Salo Fe Oco (Shop Iosurance Fig Marts: 18 thr) 19 Uon Fire Insurerce Comny rol Fee Ofce (us (un)2 Wiel ty ladder escape (e"%06) wn chat be eat (UK)‘raithwats Come, tut fr the King of 27 American stenmaro the 1860s by Poole and Prt, 1032 (0K) ne (USA) 25 Tha Hodge steamer, bitin New Yor 28 ih seam pump ofthe 18608—Mery 1840-1 (USA). ‘wouter’ Dalage (UK)32 Hore-crawn manual by Stenberg ‘es 35 Woltey hoe trderfor London, 1908 (UK) Kaman, 1900 Hongo) 34 European ybrid—Teudlot Och hore 236 Memrywente: motor pump (1904), the ist tow rte tender wth pal engine or ‘an (UK) pump, ©1809 (Hunger)41 arn elec for Charonendurg.€ 1910 (Geman) 42 BraunSenapler tumble ada, 6. 1910 44 German secticieavol pump, ¢ 1905 (Germany) (Carmen)447. Moryweathr pump, 1813 (UK) pomp, 1919 (Csacho: « Le Francs petl/steam pumps A)52 Howe-Fordehemicalepparatus 1827(USA)67 etre peo te | —— 060 Delahaye one spptance, 1926 (France) ‘smsoper/washer pump, 182 61 Laty Auto-Pompe Hydro: Chimiaue, 1926 62 Howe-Ford Mode! A chamical apport, ess ts28 USA)(64 Rabo.Arupp puma, 6 1816 (Hunan) 68 Stow Rosenbaver pum, 1818 (Aus) 65 Rabs-Austro-Fiat ight puma. 1925 (Hun | on)70 Avvens.Fox pamper for the New Yor: ‘Works Fa (USA) (69 Amens-Fox pumoer 1828 (USA) 71 Arvne-Fox 1,00-gon pamper, 1839 wuss)7 Tarph catype chemical apotions, 1932 ux 7 Mortis Commercial six-wheeler, 1951 (UK) ect comtoa wr 1944 (UK)89 Laylond Cub si tek 1933 (U1) Sle wih detachable | ‘91 Layand KZOX 2 for Speke Aeport. 1999 ri93 Morywosther 100-8 al-steel wena taador 1953 (UK)97 Dennis Ble pup of te 19908 (UK100 Ford pump water andr, 1896 (Rumania) 102, Werte Fox Ve towing uni (UR)108 Wartime Dennis medium sme pump (UK)408 American La Fence aiculted wate toe, 1848 (USA)113 _Bedlrd-Pyene CO; end foam tnd (UK)nn pr1 dust pamper, 1956 15 Themycroh Nubian 6X6. sid eran142 Seanis-vatie LB 7850 hydzulepletorm 145 Sedlor Type 8 water ender (UK) 1966 (Sweden)160 MackAnlscope viewed tomabove (USA) 181 Mack Analeope (1972) in closed potion 183 AUL40 68 pump water tender, 1872 (Usa) (ussn154 Word LaFrance Command 185 AuL-90 626 20m, serial “Tous 1972 (USA) (adaer, 1872 (USSR). Tr: AMI a eee ‘peal ' SU ae ie: Ore y‘Barly Fire Fighters Place 1 | Bre. 've aces small band of erly fre fighters geting to work with he sin type of hand pump depicted in plate 1 STs usc principle or design was known long ago and was refered to ava syringe inthe writings of Hero of Alexandr, The Romans (hed sumiaritstriment and called it sipbos and ordered. all Householders to have one for re extinction. They were in general use Man te seventeenth century, bang located in charches, alleges and Sporkshops Cast in brass they consist of two parts, an outer barrel Bind an internal plunger. The barrel ofthe aguirt had two large Band fpolis cart ino its shape nd thew were grasped by the two men bearing the weigh ofthe appliance. A third man took hold ofthe Tpanle a the end of the inner plonger and wed al is strength t0 fra back the plunger when the end of the squirt was immersed in he water supply. Ar the squirt was then ued atthe fie by the ewo fen holding th barrel che man operating the apparatus pushed the ‘Plunger home wid al his weigh It imus have eon a tedious basines iphting Gre i this manner Ibcaute of the constant reiling of the apparats andthe nest rely fm others o replenish the supply of water to the sicen being used for fling thes. 168 Amwicin La France Poner il. 1972 (USA) Fe tay rr ur 167 Rang Rover-Comichael Commando 64, somaLacan's Manu! Engine Plate [eis possible thar atempts were made to update and improve the sguict type offre apparatus, and ao doubt many variations were ined. To increase the cutput of ch appliances without incurring the penalty of great weight, which limited the Deut of manal was of paramount importance fa small body of men was {oing tobe able to use the appliance it ust remain fairly manageable ith regard sie. “Therefore the design of «mechanised suit if one can cal it thay, auuributed to Lucar dusing the middle of the sateen century, i worthy of study “As will be sen fom the illustration (plate 2) the apparaces consisted of a large cone-shaped cylinder with fixed spout and top fling funnel. At the large open end ofthe cylinder is positioned the plunger or piston whichis » waterght Bt inside the cylinder. The Plunger is driven forward into the eyinder by the action ofa coarse threaded screw tamed by two men. “The principle of the ation is that the ylinder i filled by buckets ‘hough the filing funnel with the piston atthe back ofthe cylinder ‘When the cylinder is full of water the cock a the Base of the filing funnel isclosed, the men tur te crew as quickly as possible thereby tjeting the water in the diario of the Bre. rom the early drawing avalable ofthis apparatus iti not cleat what shape the piston took nor te length of stroke possible In fact the whole design ia litle az although some detail may have been lent "during te translation carried ut ia the sixteenth centry [Neverthees iis ineresting to note what was being dane during ths peviod to increase the effecivence of primitive equipment. The Fire of London Prove 3 ‘We make no excuse for including jst one illustration of fein ths book and for sheer fury the Great Fire of London of 1666 cold hardly te bettered. It must ave been a dreadful happening for [Londoners of the day. When we consider the puny methods of fice tinction existing a that time there is no doubt that London was fxtemely lucky to have survived at all This four-day fire destroyed Shout twethinds ofthe city and the history books quote the devas ‘om as including 40 srt, 89 churches and 13,000 houses, Ta the history offre ighting this great fre marked an important point because 0 far as Btn was concered much more attention ‘ras focused on fire protection, fre fighting and fre insurance than ‘er before Th the year following the Great Fire a physician and builder named us ‘De Nicholas Barbon engaged himself with rebuilding operations in ‘he gutted City Buty what i more to the pointy he alvo act about ng # scheme for fre inaurance of homes sd wae buildings, “docter wat joined by other 4 few Yeary later and the venture ows as The Fife Ofc. The Ofice adopted the bade of iz ising from the flames and so began the fascinating story of ark refered ton plates 40 15. Our illustration (plate 3) shows London burning atthe beightof| blaze ina view from the south bank of the Thames Plates 4-15, Wo sce a bail in fre mark intact is something of One must po to the offices of insurance companies, oF 10 or find private collections inthe hands of manulactorers OF Toc the wide and colourful variety of Bre mark, Under the original concept of fie insurance those premises which insured against ie Sts with a particular fie Ofce displayed ‘sppropeate fre mark. This fie mark had « dual function. It fal and sundry that the were under cover of by that office. Ital advined the fire Bighters as to which were covered by their particular office. ‘ready mentioned, the very fst Bre mark or badge was the ising from the flames adopted by ‘The Fie Oilice about From 1705 thi afice became Known athe Phenix ‘carly marks placed on buildings were made of ead while later Sheet wasted Later sll irom and tin marks were wed by ‘ompanics, while ona few ocasions, where the premises were ‘ight from the time of bailing, the mark wat moulded ia feta of carved in stone, For almost 200 years these colourful ‘could be seen adoring the walls of various buildings, some having several marks where the rik was shared by varios or where the contents were insured separately In many instances the re mark aso bore the numberof the poicy ‘under which the premises were insured and thee numbers were out of or stamped or painted on, the mark plat. Some ofthe fre aces discontinued the sue of marks around the ‘mide ofthe nineteenth century whl ethers continued to sue them ‘Much later, although in many instances they were no moee than The we of ire marks was not peculiar to England, Fire marks were ‘ed in many countries abroad from Portugal to China. Tc wll be noticed fom the pla of fire marks arrange in plates AS that not all marks carried the name of the suing company ni‘Thowllustrated are: ‘Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Limited Established 1797 Kent Fire Insurance Company 1802-1901 Hann Hand Fire and Life Insurance Society 1696-1905, Westminster ire Office 1719-190 Birmingham District Fire Office 1834-18e Queen Insurance Company bstol Crown Fie Oftce Protector Fire Insurance Company Salop Fire Ofice ion Fire Insurance Company Sun Invurance Office Established 1710 Bristol Fire Otce 1769-1840 Early Firemen Plate 16 [As mentioned earlier the frst fire insurance company was The Fite ice established in 1667, This office employed a small number Thames. watermen ab fire fighters and 30 formed the very Set insurance fie brigade. They were fited out with distinctive livery tniforms and provided with arm badges showing the company 10 ‘nbc they belonged. Tis signiicant that watermen were chosen at being the type of ‘man required to carryout the duties of firemen, being men rspeted for their shal, courage and robusnes when dealing wi barges and their cargo. Many years later the tradition of employing ex seamen ‘eas stil prevalent in fie brigades. “The five firemen shown im plate 16 represent those of the many surance brigades which exited during the 200 or so years from 1667. The fireman on the lei in the very of the Royal Exchange brigade, which was farmed in 1720 and joined the Sun and Union in 1825 wo form a jant brigade. Nextt him is « member ofthe Leadon Assurance brigade, also founded in 1720, and net wo im sa fireman ‘ofthe Adas brigade which, together with en other insurance rigas ‘Operating in" London, were joined together in 1833 40 form the Condon ‘ire Engine Establishment. The freman standing armed ‘with a preventer is man ofthe Sun Fire Ofc brigade which was Formed in 1710, while lst in the group i a fireman of the Wes minster Brigade’ which was formed in 1717 and joined with the ‘lance in 1906. ‘Manual Engines by Newsham and Others Plates 17-19 ‘One of the oldest ire pumps existing today is that shown in plate 1°. ‘This tubshaped pump ws orginally supplied to the Bedfordshire 120 tows of Dunstable around 1678 ands lieved to have bee ui by eésing of Blackirars The pump hy smtracicl tn al wom {ub some 4 long by 3A wie, laced on «wonde rame oppor sears 5m Gate Onl nn seg {wih 3 6in and height 6 61m The pump know paced in SiLenion Moncor Soe cnt tobope machine ital in plate 17 some sinc in sign vo the Donate aptnce fat fat ca {fon Beg, bee was sl at work in 1914, this acne the Easier te ade of metal and rive yio meal mas for posting he water inthe equal decton, In Detain has bcs generally schooled that the design of fee engine patented by Ricard Newsham in 721 marked Bet fp rand n bonne the manval pine 0 perfec To sthat KNewbam invented the manual fre engine to absurd: He mcrey trem the prin upto dat by string Katee inthe dng Nevais ba camel song fen he capes preocel ye = ceting ete ‘he Trother Van dr Heyden i Hang, tur ntapectne of they the Newtar dsign gave ie manual engi the new es of Me aly We must remeber tht eve in thn er the engines were hand- roped with no means of tering. For greater esa the pup Tad be mound is barerawa crt af fo ay ant Sinpkin wo profs an cnpne wih rad springs and kcLng tarage ltr in the ninacemhcemtuy, which enabled the pump te bemore col hadi ‘The machine lsat i plate 1 is one ofthe Newsham engines ‘Built in the 1730s, having tue angleacting pump barrels with an air eve to muna an even dacharge Te txt ds Othe pump Tires are within the tank forming the Bae ofthe machi, fad Arway cack provid tht water canbe drown io the tank by sepa ina bo nk rpc ih acts idea that Newsham Bad abou fire cngies wan hat one shold arrange the pumping facies i such a vay that many {nn as possible can bit to work on the pomping operation. Tht he Ady placing the pump hands long the of the mache aber than’ the cad a ther bald had doe He ao proved Arcades in he centre of the machine 20 tat atonal me Cd ‘hee eight it the pumping rythm by woking withthe “ep. These purnprs were stdin th ak by te kn fied as _ghior cite macy which ave the opera oor poner mIn fig. D we se a Newsham engine at work with pumps a the sige handles and on the wesdles, while another crew member holds the swiveling metal play pipe and a wiling lady tops up the water it the tank with «bucket ‘Tals, Eauipment and Ladders Plas 20-2 Inthe various of the fire engines inthis book there wll Frequently be found a shortlist ofthe various small ems carried by appliances. In many instances these are to numerous {0 mention inivdaally and merely consist ofthe tels and tems of equipmen which transform the bare carrying vehicle ato a copoly equipped firefighting and rescue machine. Without them the crew would Be hard preset carey out their ob efciently and expeditiously. Often the problem i ot how many items should be caried onthe appliance bat swhether the next emergency will demand some tool oF device which yet tobe perfected m2 Let us meaton some ofthe equipmeat which has been cared 08 of wed on it O¥D. "nc carly small em was ofcourse the bucket and there have been i canvas, eater, wood or metal. The collapsible canvas vith rope hans are uefa for toring i small pace "Portable dams oe cisterns aso made f canvas were of great use ‘ual manual appliances going, and these have Been peo in wood ormetal a wel AR preventer san item of equipment that hasbeen i we for many paving its origins in Roma tines. 1s useful for making holes “eling, pulling tle off roofs and many other tacks beyond the of enc hands (Plate 202) the ax or hatchet another ancient item of equipment useful or ‘uick entry through locked doors, windows, refs, pavement function and find use i forcing open window ro Lights, gates, et. Doors of crashed vehicles een "to be wrenched open ralings have to be parted to cclease euldres and hath covers forced of to gum acest sh chaser an, of resent introdicton, power sas fr paning entry towsecked car Mtaapa arc ost importa item othe fireman wher tbe oa the going tothe fie or for his own personal use when searching ‘missing petsns in © building. Many appliances have earned 4 po gh, obers have detachable pats with cable res and for tne st some ditance [rom the appince. So important America andthe Far East hax Been uso on many appliance. I Ga folded jumping sheets shown stored on board an Ameria rong canvas with «rope edging for ease storage Ropes and lines are another adjunct of the Rreman's equipment land haves variety of uses imcloding ifesaving and recae Hydrant fittings, andpipes and Keys te carried on machines may have to se water fom street mais, ryNorse, branches, breechings and hose couplings are items assoc sand connections forthe suction and discharge hoses wer place just sated withthe delivery hose. Norzles are the small ameter metal | Beneath tude of Branch pipes and ar the last controling factor in determin. |S The complete machine weighed only 45 ort and pumped at the Ing the je A branch pie tthe tapered meta tbe which is hed by ae of approximately 150 gals per min. Coke was used as the Boller the fireman onthe ead of the delivery hose. Some time ago various foe ‘Signs for controlling the shape of the waterjet were produced, ‘Some two years later a second steam fre engine was produced at Pate 20a show fam spreader for prodacing a thin fan of Water ‘the sume works, 0 similar design asthe fst engine bat of salle ‘over a lage area. Breechngs are the metal sections employed in ‘output being ony a ingleelinder machine of Shp ‘Giving the streams of water in hove. Hlose couplings asthe name “The third Brats engine i shown in plate 23 and Follow the Irples are the meal canectors used to Connect sucesive lengths same gencral layout of hie ft machine in ‘ot howe. Dorizotal engine, but in [Neat to hoe and water the lader i probably the most widely wed ‘he pistons and the pumps. The machine also die itcm on a fire engine. Ladders have appeared in a wide vant) of Ahree pomp barrels instead of two as in the fest appliance. Ths types, materials and size, ranging from short hook ladders, through engine wen 0 work at Lverpl. toro threesecuon extension ladles, to extending capes and log Bradhwaites fourth engine was the Comet built forthe King of ‘cna! ladder, Matenls ged have cluded wood, steel, luminism, Prosa in 1832 (plate 28). Ths 15h. machine was of the too Stainless steel, combinations of wood and metal and’ mixtures af ‘lindr,tworpurp type and weighed 4 fons. Output was teported as arctic of meal. Ladders have been extendable by handy rope, eg aprimatcy 30 gas ern Trindlan, clstne power, compresed gas, hydraulics or mechareal fh and lst Brathwaite steam Sre engine was bil i 1833, ‘heans. 1 was Mr Paul R. Hodge who built the fst steam fire engine in “To iustrate the variations on a single theme a selection of hook “America. It eas constructed in his New York works during the period ladder devigat are shown i plate 2, while in plate 22 shown 2 ‘December 1840 to Apel 1841 and was based on railway locos particular typeof detachable wooden eacape ~ ube Wivel By ladiee ‘practice. It willbe noticed in plate 26 thatthe large-diameter rear Scape. This type of rescue scape consisted of « main ladder 31 ft ‘wheels are jacked up off the ground. It in this postion that the Jong mounted on a twovwbeel carriage for manoeuvrability with « Engine is put to work, the road whels acting a yet The bole fof smal whecls on rllrs atthe head ofthe ladder 10 ass in ‘provide steam forthe two horizontal cylinders which were placed oo postoning against a bulding. Near the tp ofthe main ladder was ‘Ether side, the piston rods driving through the cylinders 10 the ings a shorter ladder 19 long which wat poitoned by ropes. Aoubleacting pumps bolted directly on othe eylindes Beneath the main ladder was wire mesh shoot down which rescued Tis reported that in 1831 W. L- Lay designed sel propllod persons ould det the ground, ‘seam re engine and that in 1853 aseitpropller seam fre engine ‘wasbuilt by A.B. Lava. This vehicle was a three wheeler, 1855 saw a {machine construced by Abel Shaw of Cncinats, witha water tobe Boller fecding'a singlecylinder engine which powered the single: pump. In 1658 Masrs Poole and Hunt of Baltimore start building "eam fire engines and plate 27 shows one of their constricted 11865. This machine had a vercal ber and single- 16 contaved 10 improve for the company and by 1916 the fist Pirsh- ‘quipped motorized pump was prodoced for Creston, lve. Later in fhe sume year a motor punper war delivered tothe Chicago Fre “Phere (lowed a variety of motor-driven fie apparatus ncaing Ader euch, urpers, sei ars and Hones well an cera Spel vhs mich ae stake cr One of the ceo "ras iwrumental i sing the ives of satex Gerona ioatte “ ose 1926 saw the introduction of the fiw Pih-bui motor chasis, this crying $00 ga. pomper body und equines Later ithe fame yar ga pamper was bay and tht was lowed by 3 Foo machinc in WPT The De {ga pumper but as (etvered tothe City of Fond da Lae, Wisconsin io 1998 aed tong ‘Ehereardsspperater embodying 1,250. and SOD per ma were offers. “The Finch company hit the headline in 1931 when the world’s sli powerel serial ladder trek vas proce sr sed the iy Spatin, Washington. Tha trumph ns followed by anther a 1933 when Proch produced 10D‘ almatir soy sera lace. ony ws tis parca fader he few alfpoere adder with “ih evienion sn excos of $5 fin Ameria, bur was aio the Sst, {Stpwcred metal serial ler of any lng Tis machine went 0 “they of Marre, Masachuscs Plate 31 shows a Prsch hook and ler wagon of the lat centr, anda modern sei ae show aEGndinary hore carts with he okdmanvalenpnecarriedasaload. isnot ‘ntl about 1400 that we Bnd the engine ise being ite with shats locking gear woth could bemoved asanindependent chic. “The ear horve-drawa fire engines were the manually pumped type with pump handles mounted at both sides. When the eal steam ‘Pumps appeared they were Bited with ier shafts for one horse ora pale fortwo oF more horses ‘Other types of vehicle were introced for use with hore traction and hove carts, lar trcks, scape carries, turntable adder water tomers cantecn vans, water tanks chemical apparatus and many appeared. 32. imteresting to note that many of the steam pumps produced toward the end ofthe horse drawn er were regarded a indispensable for fre fighting well nto the motor vehicle age. tn order to retain them some bbneade: dispensed with the hore pale and shafts and ited tov ‘barso thatthe pomp could be moved bya moto thie. in plate 31 8 shown another American wagon in the shape of a nook and ladder truck produced by Pinch toward the end of the ‘inecenth century. ‘Otel design but Int construction i the duplex machine produced in 1906 by Steraerg cs Kalman of Bucharest. This interesting type is almost two separate two-wheel carts jaied together by meant of the central spine oF coupling pole, and the two ends ofthe vehicle have separate functions, The font section carries the crew wih hore feel under thar say we the rear par supports the manual pump fd length of hoe: Another intresting pia inthis design she fact thatthe pump i worked from the froot and rear and not from the side, a most ate manuals were (Plate 33) "Another interesting typeof late horse-drawn engine i that show in plate 38, Produced by Teudltt Ditch of Hungary, this machine Fealy docs show the transition between bore power and motor power tecause although the wagoe i propelled By horses the pup > powered by a small petrol engine! With 200l. water tank, motor Fiat pamp, extension lar, bard suction bose anda small hose eel ths typeof vehicle must have boen one of the last ofits kind when ‘radced toward the end ofthe 1920s. Early London Fire Brigade Appliance Plate 35 ‘During the closing years ofthe inetenth century several atten (0 ‘produce sel propelled vehicles were made and the goal was always (© ey produce a vehicle which was powerful, strong and reliable but Without incurring the penalty of great weight The Roberts sel: ‘Seamer ofthe 1860s had provided lead of «sort, but no Toe was able to follow this with an improved design ual the 1890s, ‘Merryweather producel their sei-proplld steamer for Port *about the sume time some electric ie engines came onto the scene ‘in Boiain, Prance, Germany and the United Stats. A few chil feces were trying our eat mctor cars (alibough the ar not “Siitly fire engines) asa means of geting vo the respec, ad its ‘epored that in 1900 Chet Croker ofthe New York Brigade was of being a public menace ashe raced tafe a 60 mp. in the machine was changed back to hore traction. wn 1903 another den war tried. This was to obtain a fourlinder hp. Wolseley tractor unit and couple i toa horse-drawn steam hich had the forecarniage removed and the frontend super- ‘on the rea of the Wolsey. The resulting articulated out fa from a succes. Mort of the weight of the steam bole and was above the iron-yred wheels ofthe trailer portion and this, ‘with the fet thatthe trailer wheelbase as shorter haa that "The resulting vehicle (late 38) had seas for a crew af small pump driven off the enpine and a hose bo for SOO fof howe. The pump provided intulicea output when tried and ‘as removed but the vehicle remuind i service aya we tender for er Fire King Place 37 1690 Nathasel Hadley established i Sire engine business in and afer a shor while was joined by a Mr Simpkin. Many Tate, in 1791, Henry Lott son of Squire Lot, joined the 1 establish the busines of Hadley, Simphin and Lat Inthe year patent No, 1925 was granted tothe firm in respect of fre pump. ‘The mame Merryweatber frst appears on the sene in 1807 when ‘Moses Mereyweather joined as an apprentice. He remained ‘ith the company, marred Low's niece and in due ime took oer the 19company when Lott retired. The company later became Merry. ‘weather 8 Sons. aot “With along. history fcing: manual and steam pumps [Merryweather produced ther rst self propelled steamer in' 1899, ‘This machine was bttd with the Gem re pomp and marked the star ‘of about ten years of steam hice bun ‘The type bern Known asthe Fire King and was available in a secin of tx baste models with various options relating (0 fuel and ‘whee types. "The machine consisted of straight parallel fame mounted high ff the ground. The front panel war steel, and axles wrought ion an the hose bor and sat, mahogany. The patent Merryweather vertical ‘water abe boiler was postions jst infront ofthe rea ale with wo SO-gallon water tanks positioned on ether ide ‘The ‘eral engine was mounted justin front of the Boer and could be connected to rear wheels or pump a8 rexuired “The Merryreather Gem twoslinder pump was mounted ia fot of the boiler directly beneath the engine If an e-red boiler was ited fel was stored in tanks caried beneath the hse box. “Tramsmision was by means ofa countersbat driven by cog wheels cngaped by 1 poutive clutch, carrying sprocket wheels ‘and having ‘dferentil gear. Drive was then by see rll chains o sprockets on teat whecls Wood wheds ith iron tyre, wood whels with solid rubber tyres and wrought in wheels with steal tyres were offered 3s sheratives. ‘Prot varied from £850 for 2 300gallon machine with coal ‘burning furnace, wood wheels and iron tyres, up to £2275 for a 1000-gllon machine equipped with i-burning furnace, wrought irom whess and sects. Blectre Turntable Ladder Prat 38 ‘Although the fit turntable lars were horsedrawn it was not log tice the advent of the motor age in ire vehicles thatthe attention of Engineers was draw toward producing sl-proplld sts of laders, Because of ther weight and high centre of gravity a low-bul machine of ample power and reliability was required for turntable ladders, With the early moterze chasis they were rather heavy and high off the ground and not always reable. So it was the ecete ‘eile that came into use for ladders during the early part ofthe century ‘Soon after 1900 the Vienna-based manufacturer Lohner-Porche start 0 produce electric and petrol-lectic vehicles and afew Bre ngines were built during thee carly sear The Lohner Porsche 10 included electric motors built into the front wheels of the fn this feature war carried on when a few years later the ‘lectique. appeared. Mercedes having taken over the ‘production marketed the design in Great Betain 3 Gears Elect. “Amer supplier of electric fre engines during these caly years Try Simonis who after acting as chief representative of the fre engine manufacturers at the 1908 Fire Eslbiion at “Court set up busines in London. In 1906 Henry Simonis ‘am 83 urntable ladder 10 Giasgow which had Mercedes engine producing deste curreat to. two fron ed electric motors Power for the lar as provi by ‘carbon diotide gas, This machine weighed 6} tos in ‘order and could revel at 20 mp. Unbke the Lohner design this chavs had the ccetrc motors dveing the font ‘by means ofan internal gear fing and not incorporate into iw to reach the bottom section ofthe ladder when its levated postion, Stsam Fire Engine Place 39 vera catural proresion fm the scam fre pump to the ‘steamer, but fora varety of reasons ot as many ‘onc were proce atone nou hiv expected, "art Esropean sc propaled eamer an but by. Wil ie Mila in 1868 (st 30) Contrary to expectation thre to rush of competion nor ond of orc. Fite engines were ve machin the seam punp more 26 and as for Buying 2 ing engae which woul probaly sande for log periods hen herent ia ety of pl that as a ‘aon Irs oil aon hed ofthe incest start fon steamers hd bin to appent and then Was eal 2 yt ts we ee to forthe young exo tmatuty because the infant petrol engine was aiming ground BIin ight vehicles at an alarming eae, while the brother dete vehicle Wasalo being ted to an cversncresing degree ‘Nevertl some tatreting steamers dh appear ain plate 39 src vec one of the German machines which wok to the rad i 1905. ‘This nay turned out fom the works of Waggon und Maschinenfabrik Bootes "The vehicle has avery high frame 40 that the fore ‘ienage cars beneath it.The large-diameter rear whess cary most Gt the weight, forthe vercal Boller, engine, pump, coal Bot, water hd’ tasks ar situated atthe rear ofthe vehicle. The crew are ‘Ettvied ona bench sata the fron, which doubles a aol Bos and Stop ofthe large water tank just behind it. The engines stoke Sands at the ear Between the coal box and the small water tank "Re the time thin machine was Jlivered it was reported that the ‘builders were still nt financially successful This serves t illstatc the fac that thee was limited demand fr such appliances even in 1905, and ina few years the position was to deteriorate even further wwith the rapid progres in the design of the ptrobengined vehicle ‘ren for quite heavy oad, Early German Bire Engines Places 40-4 In the carly pat of the century the German vehicle uiller Justus Christian Betun of Nurembirg built some most intresting ire ngines on a varity of chassis The goods vehicles produced were ‘Ses, pel and steam types while thee appliances seem to have Sppcared in varows gues mounted ona batterycectrc chasis "Tne appliance shown in plate 40 is described in erature of the day yan lekromobit steam’ fire engine and features ahigh-ehasi fare runing parallel oa pot jst fro of the rea ale where i [Starved outwards 10 accommodate the boiler forthe pump. The twovvlinder reciprocating pup produces 1300 hres per minute Is ‘mounted just im front of the Boer and draws ss water from a Shorts eyindrcal tank which bas hydrant coupling for replenish ‘ment. The baer ascs paral ful and carbon ack eyinders provide fo to amine the flow of fuel Power forthe vehcle is suppl Ef bauecries stored ina large box whch doubles as a seat for the {iver Daves by two cette motors but into the oat wheels. The {wo front wheels, motor, aale and road springs all pivot on the turmtable which ie rned by a horzontal tering wheel Tatout 1910 Braun supplicd two vehicles to the fre brigade ‘charlettenbung and although thene both wed the basi front whee Clzcric drive chavs system, that was where the sialariy ended. TP Sppliance shown in plate 4i is of rather startling desig in thatthe ‘ffs consists of two large-diameter Mannesmana tubes which ste 2 tine for carrying 500 lis of water! The crew of twelve were ‘Site en fou ron benches wich were postoned v0 hgh that two int er overt yn es rm The ip td cs the btn bn fading lar and wo Roa Ider to be ‘Bid undercath Cinder of carbon acd re tae (0 dicha {Berwacer cari in the vehicle and anes re provid for fet td barat "There Semen Schuckert 7.5 p, mower coud operate twp to 4,100 rps which gave a foal sped of 28 kph. With an alla "2°F sow the ve tu ave had hs hand fall forthe {Grete were hand contre, hand brake and Horizontal handel ‘ity fom the large-diameter tubes which formed a backbone to = ack SAnothetwo types of early German appliance are show in plates Upon #4. Wh fee to tacos scones form f open ‘Bed = beter under Bonne diving slctre moors housed in the foot wheel: However, the pump on snc machine's powered by Seam ber at the rear whe the aplanc carying the nes has ‘rol ene for punpin pore Heri Peral Motor Fite Engine Pla 45 Dring 1911 wo Braun electric/petrol ie engines were delivered to the Hanover Fire Brigade a» part of that brigade's modernisation programme. The two machines were based on the Braun batery- ‘Seatric chasis using a Bonacted layout having front whee! dave. ‘Two desire motors were used, one in each front whech and power wan supplied by the batteries stored under the Bonet. A the rear af the vebicle was mounted a four-cylinder Argus petal engine of $4 hap. with rear mounted radiator using fresh water from the pu Gell. This engine was for pumping duties only, being connected 10 ‘the mishie-mounted pump by means fa Leblancype clutch. “The Pier fire pump was capable of delivering up 101,000 litres er minute while turning over at 600 r-pam-and had suction and elvery Sings at both side of te vehicle 13“Three of the crew of seven were caried om the bench seat, while the remainder sat on top of the bose fcker in front of the pump Compartment, Further bow was cariedoa the detachable ose drum, ‘unt a de extreme sea of the machine, whl te four lng ‘Rar suction hos were carried onthe running boar tol boxe. Performance of these machines was reported vo Be about 20 m ph wth a ange of opproninatey 30 miles om ne battery charge. "One of the machines that was destined for Hanover brignd is shown in plate 45. Lourin and Klement, 1913, Place 46 In 1895 two young men, Vaclav Laurin, a mechaniy and Vaclav Klement» publiher, opened a yse epat shop in thee home rowa ff Junghunvlau in the Czechoslovakian teentory of the Ausiro- lungarian empire. Av they gained experience they cured 10 the Ianufacure of cycler ad ia 1898 to the building of motoryce, 490s sue their fs automate take the read and during the next steny years crs, buses, loriy va rollers industrial engines and fire eugines were produced by the partner. In 1925 Laurin and ‘Klement was amalgamated with Skod “The fre appliance shown in plate 46 i type produced in 1913, ‘Based onthe Fon chasis the vehicle was powered by a four-eylinder Gite engine which developed 32 b> Fire equipment consid of « ‘earcmounted postive displacement pump with air chamber prod ing 1400 tse per minute. Oveshead gallows were provided for an ‘steno Inder and jst below this were hung the thre lengths Scion ose. In addition tothe two fixed ose recs rolled bose was armed inthe box bay ontop of which sat six members ofthe ew fn unusual angled seas, Merryweather motor pumps Plater 36,47 ‘Th hist self propelled motor pump in Britain was the Merryweatner pump escape shown in plate 36, This was supplied 10 Finchley District Council Fire Brigade ia 1904 soon afer Merryweather had Supplied a motor chemeal appliance te another London hire brigade 2 Tostenbar 01903. In its onal form the appliance was equipped with a Hac tnrcobarrelreiprocating pump of 250 gallon capacity, 6O-glion Son aid tank 180 hose reel und SO-t wheeled eseape. Power a5 Supplied by a foarcyinder 24/30 bp. petrol engine with chain dive Tobe reat whecs which moved the vile at speeds up to 20 m.p Dusieg is ife ae a fee engine the machine underwent Changes. The signal engine wes replacal with one of 50 bp the 134 De ins a io at cnr ts er so ee ere nen, eee ates sel Ge Se ee al io oe ea eee See ae ert pigs pec ee mae erie eres i eee ae as ae en ee ae eens otis dae etiet ‘g standard on both motor pump and chemical engines. In 1908 a Fe cee eee cae ee Se a Se ae Tee eee ae Se ee cud eaten cao ss 1 Menem pg 91 oh feud eee eee Se a eens rear borane ee Te ee Seagrave Pumper ‘The Seagrave cimmpany was formed in 1907 at Colombus, Ohio. It fared by profucng mainly pebengined fre apparatus, but one ‘rly deuign ‘worthy of mention is sn smisal front-wheel deve | Sketrc which carne an acral inder the hus of which was mounted ete on when emt a he cee more orthodox Seagrave puper shown in F, being a 1814 machine wth mdships mounted pomp. Ths vehi ws powered by Bsa siceylinder engine of $4 in. x 6} in, which produced 116 bhp find drive was by way of tripe plate clutch and theespeed pearbor tor countershat and side chains tothe rear wees ‘Aithough the almost standard type of American fre apparatus bly is mounted on this machine does hive a somewhat Brush Sppearance because ofthe high ladder gantry. Most U.S. apparatus fod ala boomed open body fr the storage of hose and the ladders ‘were hung onthe ids combination engines such a this Americen Motor Apparatus Pies 53 “The peedacuon of ean fre apparatus today is mainly i the and offen tare cosporaons (oer witha handfl ose pw As nso ay edly we turn bck the lec tothe ery ye Treo appartos theft en yer of Us entry we bd ‘tote hos 0 ney many of which ae sll wih fda) in sore form, wae hers ‘ar sl well fomenbered aod of nest fp ‘Sime ofthe nly morsel apparatuses werent re cnn al tur were merely peeoengied trout fr coupling tal bose Ueiys equip which be gato company wit eee ufo Se los having torso fo sing cme new eames ‘Gar ths heading cme the Cry te Kher, tbe Crt, the Seagrave, the Mack andthe Amerean LaFrance in some case the ihn lorecarsae of the hore drawn apparatus was Feared and 2 ours tatr with rag ple ad Kingpin wes aac ‘Stak of te pe Swope ton Ol Borerawa ter tower Shownin pate 83 "Rnther wa 0 converting hore drawn equipment was remove she fecuge, vers en otboard an eotra and bl 8 ‘Medel tile dec co he frame of the apparatus. Thib gave 2 136 gid foursvhed vehicle as opposed tothe articulated type where a (firwhos tractor war uscd. In plate 4 an Arerican La France 108 “fap. sxeylinder worwhoe! tractor units seen coupled 19 an old fhzam pump. A ess powerful foureylinder 75 hp. tractor was made fy American La France for handling the lighter aval ladies. In {Gis one ofthese Type 31 tractors as atathed to an old Hibernia Fok and ladder apparatus. The wheelbase of thi amazing machine file 31 £9 in. hence the ned forsee stersman Note the Folded Jompsbes strapped tothe ie ofthe ladders “Among the ary motor appliances were such names as Locomobile, Pope Harford, Childe and Web Howe began ia 1908, Wateoos in J907, and Robinson in 1911, Lutte, Luverne, Univeral and General were producing apparatus in the teens and Maxim, fod, Kenosha and Knox all followed around te same me. abs port ofthe present company was formed as 2 shop. The fist motor vehicle was produced in 1897, the fist truck in 1903 and whet bus in 911. "The 1917 Bre appliance shown i plate 49 was bate on the 400 ‘rock chasis of she period with four-cylinder engine producing 30 | Hip fom 281 lies Iwas Bed witha rear mousted pump, cari {Grew of six, and had to boverel, mounted one on ether side. An ‘verbead gantry carried to sa of extension ladders, and tools and “hydrant fitngs were cared in the running board [ockers, with the ‘Ma ston hese strapped to the one onthe left side ' few years ago a stmalar machine was discovered in Denmark and “driven tothe Seania museum at Malmo where anther intresting machine ion show ~ 4 19194 » 4 Scania Vabis fie appliance aMcLaughlin AirfeltTender Place 50 “The cae airfield tenders were conversions of proprietary truck hams embesdying equipment found onthe normal wn and country {npines. Such vehicles were capable of attacking the fies aring oot ‘St href crashes and the st consideration was to dowse the flames fost coough to enable a rescue of the crew to be made. The aircraft (rere lrgly of wood and canvas construction with small fel tanks tnd a crow of one or two. ‘A sehicle of this category is the McLaughlin airfield tender pictured at the RAF sti a Camp Borden in Canada atthe endo ‘ferid War I plate 50), This particular machine was one ofthe Sst type tobe used by the RAF and carried chemical foam in two large Gindes at the fear with a smallbore hosebox on top. A shor Extension ladder and rolls of Gre bose appear to have Been carried srehere that wae convenient with noztes and tools in running board boxes, “The provision of snow chains on the rear tyes and a tarpaulin thrown over the bonnet remind us thatthe machine had to stand ready to turn oo in all weathers! Ford Model T Places 51-2 ‘With a total production figure of 15,007,003 for the Ford Mod Ti is not surprising that many fre engines in the United States and Caewbere bed this chasis or atleast embodbed some of ts parts. I ‘ros used in many diferent roles, 19 some instances it was merely wed [steansport for the ero, in oxhers it was a commercial truck with Erain fe equipment ade, whilst on very many occasions i was {armed out ae re tack by specialist firms. “One sac specialist builder was the Howe Fie Apparatus Company ‘of Anicron,Tndiana who supplied pampers, chemical engines, lar {rocks and combination oguipment oa proprietary chasis. The vehicle ustated plate 32 18 the Howe Model No. 4 chemical and ladder equipment mounted on a Ford oneton (TT) ‘haces This machine was supplied 10 the Trufant Fie Department it 1927 and was equipped wth two 40-gl, soa acid {ype chemical tanks the contents af Which were fed into 150 hose ‘et mounted above therm. An extension ladder with oiing hooks was ‘Srv on the lft sie while a stack of metal buckets a funne! and portable extinguishers were cari on the right. A welhupbolnered escheat was supplied for the driver and ofeer while the rst ofthe few were catered for by the wide step and large grab ala the rear. ‘Nor for fittings and ios was provided behind the bench seat and 3 fire siren was provided oclear away through the traf 138 an wim ey en a a sere oe ale Cl spice iempte ntegee endbatadne eae ar an ee ts ie re eri nal at oe des er Mock Fre Engines Plates 83-5 ‘Staring in a wagon shop in Brooklyn, New York, i 1900 the five ‘Mack brothers set up business producing tuck and bus chassis. After five year the busincrs wa moved to Allentown, Pesnsyvania, which {pail he ste of part of Mack vehicle production foe towing 2 75 aerial ladder and this is the fst recorded sale ofa truck for Bre se, In 1911 the first Mack fre apparats proper wus elvered, «combination chemical and hose appliance with muships| pump. wAlong-wheelbas ladder truck was produced in 1910 and the ist Jefchand-rive fre apparatus was produced in 1915. Mack also claim the fire fire track with four whedl brakes in 1927, and engine-diven fecal ladder in 1928, a ai-wheeled apparatus in 1985 and’ an ee eo Se auae's beer wy wet er ee co eo eer mete ee oS en ee Sesto corte hays see ac ee oops ly ad ee ree erat a ee iad poe werk Sl al ee a et red es Sees ieee coe enfor motor traction to extend its wef ie Plate $4 shows another AC fnodel tractor of about the same period but this time coupled to a JSR acral ladder with rear sezring. The facility of rear whl Steering on the semitraler caabled the long articolated out to Degotat street corners more easly "Tne third AC model Mack a mid1930 porper and boxe car with, sin sere (plate 53) Motorcycle Combination Appliances Plates 56,58 Inthe Mersyeeather & Sons catalogue for 1895 was a quadricjcle howe cari machine consisting of two Heyees suitably connected ‘tth tubes and witha howe box positioned berween them. The design Aras sai te enable the ofcer and three men to cycle abcad ofthe Ronedrave, pump, finds hydrant and. proceed 10 connect the Standpipe and howe in readies forthe arrival ofthe Pum. Tn 1910 a further design of light mache was introduced when the first Mereyneather Rcombsnation appliance was evolved. ‘This out was a truly ‘Sr aid ackine witha small manual pump arti on the idea frame "A few years later another type of machine was introduce, this time witha bortype sidecar capable of boing 300 ft of hose peter with tandpipes, Branchpipes, bresching and tools. The ear of the sidecar bor was provided with a rollers that once the foe was connected tothe hydrant standpipe the machine could be driven forward andthe hose payed out onthe mors. ‘Another peo machine incorporated the AJS twin with a 20-gak chemseal extinguisher and 40 fof small bore bose armed on the sidecar chasi. This design was sad to have Been ‘developed for use in Choa. "The motorcycle combination illustrated in plate 56 is a Leyland production based on a specially adapted BSA V-twin machine. A ll self-contained pumping unit together with hard suction hose, Folled delivery hoe, branch-pipes and breechings ae all carried of {he sidecar Chass, while the crew of two are carried on the rmotoryele “An Eastern European design for a similar type of machine is shows in plate 58, Oberchain and Boyer Plate 57 The orgs ofthis organisation go back a far as 1875 when Mess ‘Obenchuin and Boyer opened a mill. After they had moved t ane ‘stein I897 the premisee were destroyed by fre. It may have bee, fore than a coincidence thats 9008 asthe premises were rebuilt WE 0 find that Me Obenchan obained a patent for «new typeof chemical fre oxingusber ~ ‘moved to larger premises in Park Street, Loganspor., Ind ge th companys beter postion Yo met the comment of ‘War I inthe course of which uhey produced several hundred nant have ben ue! Tor the mounting of equipment and Hoyer tecir have cn ce on Fort, ncaa, Facard, Dependable, {iysexil, Dig, Diamond T; GMC, Chevrl, Stadcbker Mack, Relea! ait Whe chaos The vbise dpsed pine 37 0s ‘Gps of sound 190, TeudlffDieich Place $8 ‘The greatest and oldest Hungarian fire apparatus firm was undoubt ‘edly the Teudotf Ditch concern of Budapest Kies, which was founded in 1885. Staring with hand fre puns and horsedrave [Pumps the company later went infor bllding star ie purge. As the petrol engine became more evident asa power wnt twas ised to fire pumps, being utilised for trailer, horsedrawn and motor applications a well as forthe more othadox motor chassis types fire engine. ‘The company were succesful in obaining many Felaing to the manufacture of motor fre appliances and 2600" lives per minute output were produced and vehicles stor ‘rned ut with pumps mounted in frat of the radiator, midships oF atthe ear, [Naturly, asthe company didnot produce vice chasis a such 1it wsed to mount the equipment on chasis specified by the customer, fd appliances lel the works mounted on Kaba, Raba-Avsto-Fat Rabe Rrupp, Mag, Hungarian iat, Berber, Bussing, Miner’ Mer. Cader Bene; Austr Paty Mavag, Mavag Mercedcr-onz and Somun ‘hast aswell son Meray motorcycles “Ar wel a fre engines the company produced all kinds of other municipal yehicles and some of these were so constricted a8 10 be ‘apublé offre Bighting iso required. Teal Dittrich amalgamated ‘Sith the Mavag concern in 1932 Become the Royal and Stats Irn, ‘Stel and Machinery Works, Budapes,Kebanyai. During its ie of Some seventy-two years vehicles were exported 10a toal of forty-five Souatees. “Th appliance shown in at 8 Tel Dich combi tion appliance using a Meray This type af machine Stan priced witha JAP S00 or 600 cc. sde-valve engine and bad a "Gfontained demountable engine/pump unit installed on the side ‘Gr frame. Two lengihs of sucuon, for lengths of delivery hove and {io branches were alo carried onthe sidecar. Ie siteresting o no tha the sidecar i poutoned oo the left hand side of the mach Commer Canton Van Pace 59 [At arge firs where great numberof firemen are working for long vos it isimportant that they are clieved whenever posible 0 that Ftigue docs au render them suscepuble to accident. Similarly they require aeyuate refreshment i they cannot be release fom duty for {Ye logy and mobile chens and canteens are necenary to kexpthe ‘crews supplied with food and drink “Tne vehicle shown in plate $98 a canteen van which was wed by the London. Fire Brigade for many. years. The chassis wi 3036p. Commer which Ge saw service in 1908 when i formed the basi of a howe tender carrying a short extension ladder and 2 trew of sx. Some years later when the hose tender was replaced Sth a more medern machine is body was removed and replaced by the one shown in our illusion. Ths body in fact was originally & horse-drawn canteen built around the tum. of the century by the Belle se Company. It was similar in design to the ordinary cofee all which hes now almon dnappeared from the sret corners of large cits. ‘Extering equipment coosisted of boiler, cupboards, » dresser, crockery and cutlery necessary for diapensing coffee, coors, O70, ‘acme and cheese “This wehick Tasted until 1935 when it was replaced by the more modern canteen shown in plate 95. rsd 926 Pte 60 i the caren French astorotile manafactrers, Dany hat sig back to 1896. Belore production ceased around 1986 Powspant hai heen reponmble for bung many re appance ie Repent Sapsrtope de Par a otheCa e “Ermany other French own, well ar suppiing ves use in the French colonies. * =e Toward the ed ofthe 1928 it was reported efor about unt percent of te casas, ae Sapere Pomc, At th time they bu thre standard appance Torin im Dar. The 1936 range come ‘nachines wih lage water tanks, rearmounted pump and fe boners wath oupsts rm 0 to 11,00 res per ‘Another tye of open! machine tied the maker 12 unt hse sd ache Hone sl ed of fers eve of fry degat hon mt sae te far eg Tadier which at thin tie (1926 asthe only reining sold on slid roter yes, the reminder ofthe range being on pacumtic, ‘Probably the mont onusal vehicle ofthe period was the wa ‘np for the Pars fe fighters. This machine provided secommation fora crew of fourteen as well a carving & np inthe rear compartmcat which was capable of at xT ee pr Hour The etl aha cre wan Plate 61 ‘a he rear and controls atthe font- Water sorage amounted 10 3800 tres in two tanks, and by the ation of only 6 kilos of Mousse foum compound it war ascred that $0,000 lies of foam was produced Hs interesting to note thatthe to water tanks Were ted ‘ith handoperated agitator a inital foaming agents! “Three lengihs of suction hose were carried on the side running ‘ards, about fourteen ral of hose were carried a cage ontop of the waler tanks and a small bore bovrel wa ted transversely fot ‘below the rear ladder gallows, A sbort extension ladder and sx hose tranches and nozles made up the rest ofthe equipment. Six ofthe ‘Crew ineaber were seated on two crom Beaches at the font, while the remaining four ad to siton the water tanks “The complete vehicle measured 5 m. long, 2 m. wide and 2m, 40 cm high and weighed approximately 3,000 kg. Scomia, 1927 Place 62 ‘Agpe of refghting vehicle which has had many applications onthe ontnent of Europe was relly nota fie engine i the tit sense of the word at all ewan fact municipal sect washer but ited with ‘eran additional equipment n order to render i capable of earying ‘Ou ftefighing dutien when 50 requied. Mast runicipal sret Stashers consisted ofa water tank and means of speaying the water To the road surface The water tank was red from hydrants Situated at intervals aloag the roadside. On some types a power-driven broom was add inorder to sweep Fefus to one side a the veh twas drven forward. Others had a water pump ited so thatthe water ould be etd in a more powerful stream and vrmtimes a boserel Srascaried in order to wash down areas suchas market places where the vehicle could not 0. ‘So it was jst abor stp to making the smal town strc sprinkler into a fll refghtng vetcle in crerything but speed vehicles ‘signed as street sweepers and washers are usualy geared for slow sees, "A French version of a vehicle ofthis type isthe Semi shown in plate 62. Hasealya street sprnklr/sweeper with a 3.200-bire water fank, it cari a rear-mounted centrifugal pump with a capacity of 72000 les pot hour and ave reel wh 60 metres of small-bore foe. Four logtke of suction were caried on top of the tank, Surrounded by 4 handral which was used a security forthe crew of twelve standing on a narrow platform on citer side of the water tank. The vehicle had a wheelbase of 3000 mm. and an overall length 1f'6,200 mm stood 2.550 mm. overall and weighed 5100 kilos laden, Power was supplied ya four-cylinder engine of 100mm. bore and 160-mum stroke, prodcing 47 hp at 1,500 pn, Ms jowe Pumping Chemical and Hore Combination Plate 63 the oustanding and succesful long prodecion run of the Tord the introduction of the Mode! Ain 1927 Was oon seized ‘by Ford dealers and users anssous to put the new mode through pecs. Numbered among the thousands of wer of the ubigitos “T were many Fire Deparuments and they, no less than the 1 deliverymen, hairs, daiymen, farmers, oud-bulers other, were ansious scr the Medel A and for themselves. “Ope such a tet Was caricd ou by the Nationa Board of Fire fron May 11th 1928 when their Commitee on Fire Pre- Sand Enginecring Standards took a Howe-Ford Model HBS and Hose Combination for pumping tess (plate63). articular fie tuck put to the test was Mode! A No. 92896, wth a fourcylinder gasoline engine rated at 24 hp. (ALAN hich produced 40:5 bp. at 23000 pan. A Waterous Model pump wat fed to the machine and ether equipment included an ‘water tank mounted transversely behind the drivers bench foamrmaking oquipment, hove ree, buckets, extension ladder, extingushers, hooks, axes, orzls, suction, searchlight and _ The desired performance ofthe pump was to produce 300 gals per ‘at 120 Ibs presure, 150 gpm at 200 lbs presure, ad 100 a1 250 ts pressure. Taking water from a nearby creck with a ‘of 4f the pump gave a good account of iself and the following were recbrded Inthe st test ef six hours’ duration, pumping 130°f of 2}. hove with lpn, novsl, wing third speed Trai, the engine turning a 1,888 ep. and the pup at 738 the average rate of discharge was 318 g:pim. at 128 Tbs "The second and third tts both lasted three hours and in 200 fof 2, hose with {n. nozzle was used. In the second, ‘engine turning at 1,876 p.m. second gear 4.63: rai) and pump a 405 rpm. produced» discharge of 189 gpan. at 207 Tos Inthe third tn pump gave 110 ppm, at 238 Ibn pressure, "The Hungarian Railway Carriage and Machine Works Li, of Gyor, was established in 1896 and continues production to this in 1904 an Automobile Works was etablsbed under the control the eailway carriage works and production of pleasure car chasis the Spits works in Vienna was begun, usAround 1910 production of lorries commenced and a few year, later Rabo-Austro Pat trucks were produced under Ulcence fom the ‘Austroat concern, Shorty afterwards | RabaKeupp oerics ppeered afer an agrtement was reached withthe Fed KPupp Works ot Germany. rom 196 buses, emergency vehicles and fie engines were bul ‘on chases dexgned for 2] 10 3 toa pasloads, ‘The smaller fire Sppliancee were based on AustroFiat designed 240n chasis with Dik. engme, 1y600-itre water tanky and two-stage centrifugal pump with an output of 80 litres a 6 atmospheres pressure Larger fre vehicles were mounted on 3t0 5 ton payload chasis of Krupp design, and this range was fted with engines in the $0-70 Drege eur ak of 0 3.00 Irs easton pons ‘radueing 1,200 o¢ 2,000 ies per mite “The works was nationalised in 1948 and fire engine manufaccure ceased, although in 1967 vehicle production recommenced with an ‘Sreement to produce vehicles under cence from MAN, "Two vehicles from the Hungarian works are iusratedy the fire bing a 1916 Rabsr Krupp chasis with rearmounted pump, twin hose feels detachable devider hose reel and some viciowstooking, hook [ners (Plate 64) The econd machine sof the 1920s period andi fighter vehicle based on the Rabs-Austro-Fiat 2400 chassis with op. engine, 1,00itre water tank and two-stage centrfigal pump ‘Of $00 res per manute output plate 63) Rosenbauer Appliances Plates 66-7 Johann Rosenbaver founded the business which bears his name in 1866 at Lin in Austra. In common wit other fre engine builders of the period he produced manaal and horse-drawn equipment and ‘extinguishers and it wat pot unui 1908 that he built his frst ‘motoedrven centrifugal pump. Tn 1910 a small demountable pump was perfected and in 1923 the fit portable fie pamp powered by an airooled twostroke engine twas avalable. 1925 sa the frst Roseabauer fre engine with pump ‘nourted om a font extension of the engine crankshafly and later 0 the same year 4 portable pump driven by a foursiroke engine was designed. “The two eppliances shown in plates 6 and 67 are Rosenbaver ‘sqipped machines mounted on Steyr pevate car chasis of the 1929 Sea During the 1930s Aastro-Dailer, Pert, AusiroFat and WAF Chasis wert usd for mounting fire appliance bodywork aswell as he ‘ular Steyr chassis Plate 66 shows vehicle with front-mounted pump, (wo sets for 146 crew and racks for rll hose above a rear compartment for tool equipment. The hand-operated ladder truck showa in plate 67 an extension to 14m. nly and the vehicle aries 0 pup. eh ittrated in late 68 shows «perenne cars fuer irtrte in ors carer rater The ype of eice normaly aot with eBid which primary carirof equipment with ssocaed ren Men bigas supply a cr for tne by the eoer charge, and in rntances the bogus have sized this opportunity wo provide tramp for the movemens of ada or fle roms when TBscallys tourng car chant, poet mould With to road spring forthe Bewielad; rw ba ha the ol a te Dy alin rer provi a dot ‘lsing a commen log wel for sompacae In Tore the vehice fen more wefl once ha cred on the ol bringing personal to there sce, rt shunted pumps “Thin hs et ve frm the enpne Ronnng boards} Car ating nd ns lhe The centrifugal pump capable of pumping 50 lees per minute at peeve of 75 Spheres, together wit the other he ihn nan suppl by Ted Dutch of Buapou Kies PMagomobi chasis prauced by the Hungarian General Machine ‘of Badape/Matyasild Many Sreengins oo MAG chase Broce during the pri 1932 101935 and they aw seice any brigade and pero wel aoe thy wee of tons compared withthe larger machine penoced Teal Durch ca unis commensal wesc cas Plates 69-71 {company and it was reorganised to become the Ahrens Fox Fire Company. first product of the company was the Ahrens Continental ire pump, but asthe motor ehcl was developing 0 apy at ime, Ahrens ox were heen to produce a petrotdrven pump combined the pumping power ofthe steamer with the sped of ein hex pel st petradrven Ahrens Fox machine was posed Model A Tht was a senindr(S{ im» 6} im) machine witha son pan prducing 730 gals pt a 12 bs p94 Wwin, The style ofthe machine legendary in ie engine history < the ‘ump soounted far ouin front of the vehicle radiator betwen the Font ‘Sheds wath large ar vsels od water cole above. This water cooler tras found necessary becsine doring sustained poring the normal Thulatr wor anableto provide enough cooling capac. ‘During the next few years AhreaFox Are apparatus ectved favourale comment and many machines entered service Both inthe USA and abroad. In addon 1 pumpers, which by now were Spontnga redesigned spherical ar chamber ladder ruck bos cars, Combination trucks and articulated tractors for old horse-drae ladder trucks were turned out In 1923 a new typeof apparatus in th shape of am 85-t seria laddee was product thir outt Being equipped witha smal engine Aten compresor to provide power to elevate the ladder In 1927 x ‘Yo0gal-permin pamper was produced and in 1929 the Tower etal was introduced which gave double renforced tubular truss rosso the lade. Ta the carly 1930s business was poor because of de slump and few apparatuses wer so, laa bid to aabise thei company Ahrens-Fox ‘taped withthe Le Bond Schae Truck Company tn 1936. 1839 saw the company favoured with an order for ve plses of apparatus to protest the New York World's Fai. All these five this were aquired by the New Vork Fire Deparment when the Fair closed Th 1951 the company pase into the hands of Walter Walkehort and Ahrens Fox equipment Bega Lo appear on proprietary chasis 0 fn effort to gan ders from small municipalities 1953 saw the sir ft an agreement with C.D. Beck and then in 1956 control passed to ‘Mack Track, Fire trucs under the Mack name continued for a shor inl fom the old Beck premises and then tanserred ¥ Alen.own, Peonsvania. Tce Abtens For machines are shown in plates 69-71. The fs (plac 69) 0 1924 6S0 gal. pumper and Hose car which shows the {pical sive of the fontemounted pup and spherical air chamb. Nexis one of the fve machines produced for ube New York Worl! Fair (late 70) ad last a9 apparatus ina different sige, «1939 Dumper aed Hose Cat with 2 midshipe mouned 1,000-gal-per-min ppamp (pate 71) Fire Engine Equipment Plates 72-3 ‘One af the atactons of ire engines to an eatusit ste fae that ino two are exactly alike, Lacking back in time there hasbeen & 0s ‘arid assortment of design with innumerable diferenoes in chess M8 , propio, type of pump, se af bodywork, length of adr, of engine, disposition of crew and name of builder. a there have bisa moves toward standrdaation with regand 10 some tem of equipment in some coun, and thie wl 88 doubt {sone more widespread av tie goto. There fo doubt that uyou of equipment os puiclar brigade dos bp ia {Betaiming of spine ews and brings ses tency Getwning othe appearance ofthe apace, ts hoped that he ater wil ice the great vary of equipmestshowa aod Jocrbed {hore page although thre ae plenty ef the eng worthy of fieno tat have ho be pul vc. To the re engine lor fats he appearance ofthe machine fhe tng wh hast faring cles. Sone machines lok deely fey (ae 6) while ove: ha a dtinctvly perl appearance (pate 7), Obrint the proportions of the simple vehi have a bearing on it cand to compere the tnce-nheele! Scammell 9) hte sicubeld Range Rover pac 16) we decd unla However interesting these comparsons mabe We shoud ot 1) raged utente of snpcty fs becon ney care onc depeche et Siw hl pa ae demand fran iro deg and the enced OF Hoel aplanee became al age a9)Tender, 1936 Plate 75 ‘the end of 1936 the fire brigade of Uxbridge in Mile Ao delivery of what was described atthe time ata first-aid saloon "This machine was designed as afistcall appliance and for Ssrall Sires, and as such was bul n ight lines in oder to be capable a auick turnout (plate 75. ‘Bused on the Bedford 2-on chasis, the appliance was Site with ‘the standard Bedford siscylinder petrol engine which i ation to the vehicle was used to drive the Winn pump by means of kell from the vehicle gearbox. Behind the driver was Govgal water tank with conpecuons to a 201 hove rel which was ‘uted ontop ofthe water tank. Bodywork on the vehicle war supplied by Gregorys of Ubrdge ‘andthe design provided completly covered accommodation for the {Grew who sat on seats at the sides of the body. These seat also oabled as locker for the loose equipment, the contents of which ‘ould be reached from outside the vehicle by meats of hinged Haps Tolle howe, branches, standpipes, nozzle, ropes, axes, pickeanes and hovel wer all carried in these side locker. Acces othe body lf ‘was by means ofa hinged door on each side ofthe body just behind ‘he driving cab, and i was through these doors tht the bose rel was fed when in woe. At the rear of the body wan wide vercl rler hutler designe to give ample room forte swift ent ofthe crew ‘A S0ft wooden extension ladder was carried on the Foot, and ‘connections for the Winn pump were leated onthe nearside the vehicle together with gauges and contol for its operation. In later years this vehicle saw service with the Natal Fire Seyi and Nios Fre Boge Inde sre servi dye asa ‘Another factor concerning the overall appearance of the machine is the ey aug a fcr, a the at ch (porate Pate 72 depicts a machine about as bare a3 ope Could get PF imple Brakdwood body with seas forthe crew on boxes forthe Sine ands ladder earist ot, Troe i aot really a fire engine at tho stage because the towing eye tellus that it ormally tows a alee pump. Now compare it with the Reo for Sangha lstrated Imig. Ht, wa i enormous load of equipment. One wonder the Front wacels came off the ground while the machine was cimbing 2 hil andy more important, how the crew managed to cling on and stay alive "kSmalee machine of the same brigade is shown in plate 73, and although tis san ear type than the Reo shows the crew tbe in ‘Sater poston inbourd ofthe machine. The extralon wtons seem {enclave the machine ik gant cobras but any smile en our faces Som removed by the sight ofthe crew in gas masks reminding us that ‘being fireman ia Shanghai was ao all hat fanny FordSinoit: Plate 74 Fhe requrenents or Sire protection of smaller municipalities, ctlags tum siya, cl fra eee) © manly» mn framing fs elle HE thar ca eget coum roe ad pores at mdse Itt oot endow coc of weep So'nen the opening Parag of a leat deebing the ne Ferd chan wil Baten Wy and Seni Gupmentnrodese! ibcendof 931. (ae 4) ‘The Model AA chaste ith 13Lin, wheelbase and +p nine fame the bs of thn achne wih as the pact anew Siavared athe es ea rural Bogs wich a time were ‘eral by amaty section of qupment nig sans SEontirenn Mean por towed to the sone ofthe ey 2 oun ory Bodywork cumined of the normal Brine aye minima oct or th crew of dere ad {SXan he bn buy ws pnd with dor forthe storage A ed ec ae Ang ted ae Beg et tl, es Although hve sod tyrant ine ‘Ser lined a errs the machine a ee complete wih 25 of scat composton cian hon and tno seers A 25 eter Sr oy Simons Lied was cael nar frame abd the fren sl priming Sons rrbine pump wes mounted a hee. A SSS wa land TaDA Rs on el as aaa at = hata wn he pnp or scares postage te ot ‘cost if required. ‘the discharge end of the hose was fitted with a long metal tube with 130 ; 151 ‘ir Force Fre Vehicis Places 76-87 Prats 76 087 illscate some of Ue types of Sire Siging veces and ‘equipment used by the Royal Air Force during the peniad 1930 to 41943, in an endeavour 1 show how appliances changed during tht time’ Other types used by force are shown sn plats 50 (MeLaughiin), 133 (Thormyerot) and 119 (Alvis Airfeld) Crash ‘During 1930 the Merryweather Hatld pum shown in plate 76 Tntroduced to RAF service and addinonal sqipment for urral fires was added. A 30-gl. foam tank was mounted behind the front feats and the discharge hose for this was stored in the hose boxfunnelshaped end. The lng suction hose was carried permancatly Connected fo the pump and curled rund the four 2a. extinguishers {ihe rear and continued slong the neasie ofthe vehicle. A long Extension lar was carried on overbead gallows and runing beard ‘Bone were provided for tol and Bing. Plate 77 shows a type of vehicle much more suited 10 airfield fie fighting duces than the iype described above Based on a s-wheled ‘Morr Commersal chats which gave a better cross country per. formance the appliance was dsiged for fighting sirraft firs and tras not an adaptation of 4 chiban machine. Equipment included {hve 0-gal. chemical foam generators, with methyl Bromide ative {an atempe to improve the fame suppression power ofthe foam, find twenty. 2g, foam extinguishers. The output rom the three Tange foam generators was fd through log hoselies which incladed ‘ip pipes for better positioning oe the fie in 1932 the National Fire Protection Company demonstrated the lide appliance shows in plate 78, This was a conversion of a “Temp Nine car equipped with two banks of fie chemical ex tingushers manifolded into a mixing taak and then piped to a hose feck A small engine driven pamp was Sted under the veat and a {hreesection extension ladder and preventer were carnil on over- head gallows, “Ass in service about this time was the vehicle and trailer shown in plate 79. The ruck carried a gal. foam tank with CO, presure ‘charge and four 604b CO, cylinders discharging throug « howe feel with the funnelshaped applicator. The tworheced trailer was “Smiarly equipped with CO. cylinders and hose rel. ‘During 1956 the streamlined Crosley tender shown in plate 80 was introduced. It was Based on a 6 = 4 chassis layout This maker tras to supply many Bre ghting vehicles tothe armed foros during the 1939-95 wat “This particular design carried a 200ga. water tank, foam cquip- iment and Tour BD-tb CO, finders. The saponine foam was di ‘Charged by two aisfoam pumps which were chan driven from the ‘ehice engine. ‘Another style of sitwheel vehicle current about Ford BB model CO, and water tender shown in recls were provided'on the apliance, one for water discharge an three connected tothe Bank af 60d CO, cylinders positioned over there “jst before the start of World War Il the Crosley FEL type of appliance was introduced ino service with the Air Force (pate 82) Bived on the manufacturers 6 <4 chasis, this appliance was equi 12 i pl pn i kf ace ace i QS yw em i ei arteries a Bien Sth en an dha erage he conc Geter Tae sous: sce hac wee or CB, Often arc oni ie) Mt! ves ofthe Ford WOT! pes shown in ple 85. This Mer Soa wae any 10 fume hon [ea seams etas pe hnntgacemtaie A ST Goon tt See aie cerca ahceweenare ass Sete eee ees are Seka Sine! Apne Poe 88.90 Inthe et lovig World War he mtr ei swe feeapclc scare ta he peal of ip gira oc yc pods ne ay oe wed SS Senet cnc lt wen or ye Fer copoly inte Leary ste oda om? persisted. “ Tapien of coli demanded tipo ete snd Aktoph tava wre butte wee may Gowan of ma ge na rap elt vt sgh tere wor IB ach The Gntanc an eset vets pe SE pss mar vce esr Pr Saini soba ar Gessner oe 153