KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA , NABARANGPUR ME aq TH TTT arsta Prercra WSF CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PREPARED BY : - NAME - PRIVANSHU MOHAPATRA CLASS - XII-A ROLLNO- 126 19364 TOPIC - "RUSTING OF IRON" SESSION - 2020-21 GUIDED BY :- Mr. ABHISHEK SHARMA ( PGT CHEMISTRY)CERTIFICATE This is to certified that this * CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT" on the topic "RUSTING OF IRON " has been successfully completed by "Priyanshu Mohapatra" of Class - XII-A under the guidance of "Mr. Abhishek Sharma" ( PGT CHEMISTRY) in particular fulfillment of the curriculum of Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the award of annual examination of the year 2020-21. 7 \ Jor aa \ (agame Teacher-In Charge External Examiner PrincipalACKNOWLEDGMENT I have taken efforts in this project . However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals. I would like to thank my principal Mr.Mantu Kumar and the school for providing me with facilities required to do my project . I am highly indebted to my chemistry teacher Mr.Abhishek Sharma(PGT CHEMISTRY) for his invaluable guidance which has sustained my efforts in all stages of this project work. I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and encouragement. My thanks and appreciations also go to my fellow classmates and the laboratory assistant in developing the project and to the people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.INDEX CONTENTS Certificate Acknowledgment flim Introduction Theory Apparatus Required Chemicals Required Procedure . Observations 10. Methods of Prevention 11. Conclusion 12. Bibliography SOENAAP HON >OM :- TO STUDY ABOUT THE PROCESS OF RUSTING OF IRONINTRODUCTION Iron is one of the widely distributed elements in nature. One of its striking characteristics is that it undergoes rusting on combining with water, air & Carbon-dioxide due to which its surface gets covered with a red brown flake coating called "RUST", RUST is affected by moisture, oxygen & carbon dioxide. RUST is soft and porous and it gradually falls off from the surface of iron material. It is a continuous process and it gradually eats up iron due to which an iron object loses its strength. It is a very wasteful process and should be prevented. It is a very-very slow process,THEORY - RUSTING OF IRON When a piece of iron metal is exposed to a humid atmosphere, its gets covered with a red brown substance called "rust", Rusting of iron can be explained on the basis of electroCcHEMICAL THEORY as follows: ¢ Water vapours on the surface of the metal dissolved carbon-dioxide and oxygen from the air, Thus.the surface of metal is covered with the solution of carbon-dioxide with water, i.e. Carbonic acid This acts as an electrolytic solution of the zl The carbonic acid atid water dissociate to.a'small extent as follows: CO, 2H" +OIron in contact with the dissolved CO, and O, undergoes oxidation as follows : Fe + Fett + 2e-esesect el tc(ill) As a result iron is converted into ferrous ion. The electrons lost by iron are taken up by the H ions present on the surface of metal which were produced by the dissociation of TCO and 0. Thus H* ions are converted into H atoms. ( «Ht #26 si Asesee. Thus H atoms either react with the dissolved oxygen or-oxygen from air to from water, { 21,8) + 0,(@) —> 2H,00) wal V) The complete reaction:may be written as :- Da taniagt4c— 28,0 wo) anal Vi,The dissolved oxygen may take up electrons directly to from OH ions as follows: 0,8 + 2H,O(1) + 4e-—- AOH (aq) lil) The overall reaction of the miniature cell will be: ore() #08 * 4if*(aq) —> 2Fe?*(aq) + 2 H,0 oO « The ferrous.ions formed react with the dissolved oxygen or oxygen from air to from ferric oxide as follows: sore ag)#2H{00 # 4O{@ >Fe,0,18) + 44D) Ferri¢ oxide then undergoes hydration to form rust as follows : g)xH20(I) +: Fe203- XH200, 4 > wale! fe nN 4 a E _ Po Site d FeQ,t,0 cathodic WY site anodic site Fels) Fe (aq) 20° O,() +44") +eAIM ‘= To study the process of rusting of iron ,its prevention in different conditions . APPARATUS REQUIRED : - Boiling tubes Rubber stopper Iron nails « Burner Test tube, Holder & Stand - CHEMICALS REQUIRED : - « Distilled Water Dilute HCL © Dilute NaCl Solution Anhydrous’Calcium Chloride: * Cotton * Mustard OilpROCEDURE : - 1, Take five dry test tubes and mark them A, B, c,D and E. Take 10 pieces of iron nails free from rust. 2. Take a test tube marked ‘A‘ and place an iron nail free to air, 3.In the test tube ‘B' add two pieces.of anhydrous calcium chloride and cover it with a thin layer of cotton. Again slide the nail and close it. 4.Moist iron nail with distilled water and slide it in the test tube marked’ C' close to the mouth of the tube. 5.In the test tube 'D’ take 5 ml of water and boil it so as to remove dissolved air, Slide nail in this test tube and a few drops of mustard oil so as to cover the surface of water. 6.In the test tube ‘E’ take 5 ml of dilute NaCl solution. Slide nail and close . 7.Leave these test tubes as such for 4-5 days and observe carefully in which of the tubes rust is formed.AURORE A ic fp | | o> Pp layer | of V / 4 | } anhydrous water boiled sat an water watergpsRVATIONS t- observed that rusting takes place in the test 4,301 tube © and E whereds and not in A, B, and D. 2,moisture, oxygen and carbon-dioxide present in air are responsible for rusting, 3, It appears that during rusting a compound of iron is formed by +he combination of iron oxygen, | carbon-dioxide and water. At is observed that when the process is prolonged in the presence of moist air and acids, rusting spreads quickly.F PREVENTION : - Hod O of iron can be prevented by covering its sting Ru! with paints, grease and lacquers. surface This is one of widely practical for the prevention of rusting. The the surface of iron, when comes in A galvanisation : methods used loyer of Zinc on contact with moisture, oxygen and carbon-dioxide inair, ferrous a protective invisible thin layer of pasic zinc carbonate [znco;. Zn(OH); due to which the galvanised iron sheets lose their lustre and also tends to protect it from further corrosion. of iron can also be prevented by coating its 3.Rusting ‘FePOY surface with e324 and«CONCLUSIONS + 4, Rust is formed by prolonged action of water oxygen and carbon-dioxide on an iron under other suitable conditions. 2.Moisture, Oxygen and carbon-dioxide present in air, all responsible for rusting.spIBLIOGRAPHY : - Laboratory Manual of Chemistry www.cséindia.org’ www.icbse:cor iseminarsonly:cor