INDEX:

S.NO TITLE

1. Objectives

2. Acknowledgement

3. Certificate

4. Action plan

5. Introduction

6. Material: Questionnaire

7. Analysis and Interpretation

8. Report

9 Students’ Reflection

10. Bibliography

11. Presentation
OBJECTIVES:
 Benefits on using nuclear power
 Protection of Environment
 Resource Efficiency
 Continual Development
 Public Awareness
 Challenges to adopt nuclear energy
 Sustainable Environment
 Advantages
 Jobs and Economics
 Constructing new power plants
 Issues and Fear related to nuclear power
ACTION PLAN:
 Questions were created with options and circulated to friends and family.
 Collected the responses with their information.
 Grouped it and did Analysis and Interpretation with the help of graphs.
 I got surprising results and have attached it in my project.
 General Introduction of nuclear power.
 Objectives on Nuclear power.
 Report of the project.
 My reflection of the project
 Finally, presentation of my topic.
uranium or plutonium nuclei, causing new fission reactions, which release more
energy and more neutrons. This is called a chain reaction. In most commercial
reactors, the reaction rate is contained by control rods that absorb excess
neutrons. The controllability of nuclear reactors depends on the fact that a small
fraction of neutrons resulting from fission are delayed. The time delay between
the fission and the release of the neutrons slows down changes in reaction rates
and gives time for moving the control rod.
QUESTIONNAIRE:
1. Is nuclear energy safe to use?

Yes

No

2.Which harmful energy is emitted from nuclear materials?

Thermal energy

Potential energy

Radioactive energy

Kinetic energy

3.What are the harmful effects of radiations from nuclear pollution?

Genetic disorders and mutations

Leukemia

Cardiovascular diseases

All of the above

4.Which powerplant provides more energy?

Wind

Water dam

Nuclear

Solar

5.What is the percentage of electricity that comes from nuclear energy?

5.6%
Name: Monish sarath

Profession: Student

Age: 15 yrs.
PRESENTATION:
PAPER CUTTING:
POEM:

obsidian husks of metals once motorcars

sat on the scorched streets,

abandoned with their sides ripped

all forcefully open.

the people suddenly vanished in a millisecond

perhaps mixed in with the gray dust,

those short-lived but intense agony sealed

in the burnt shadows of the final moments,

scattered everywhere.

molten spires of dirtied glass

flowed from twisted steel frames and mounds of concrete

once chunks of a civilization

that crept skyward like vines.

in the whistle of the endless dusk wind,

howls of dying animals,

a lone shout of a desperate mother,

cracks of a geiger counter on the sidewalk

that is left forgotten.

as the suppressed sunlight further dims,

there's only the orange glow light of distant fires,

a residual byproduct of rage still refuses to be put out.

and embers rise free from the tyranny of gravity,

like little paper lanterns out of the grimness beneath.

at last, at moonless nightfall,

the reign of man was all over in a flash,

everything else in the barren nuclear wasteland,

belongs to the kingdom of ash.

radioactive rain,

incinerated tears of the weeping overcast washing off

all traces of past sin, the final act.

everything neither bleached nor blackened

now lethally radioactive,

anyone still breathing, now good as dead.

STORY:

Ukraine's Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, the biggest in Europe, has lost its
last remaining external power source as a result of renewed shelling and is now
relying on emergency diesel generators, the U.N. nuclear watchdog said
Saturday.

The International Atomic Energy Agency said the plant's link to a 750-kilovolt
line was cut at around 1 a.m. Saturday. It cited official information from
Ukraine as well as reports from IAEA experts at the site, which is held by
Russian forces.

All six reactors at the plant are shut down but they still require electricity for
cooling and other safety functions. Plant engineers have begun work to repair
the damaged power line and the plant's generators — not all of which are
currently being used — each have sufficient fuel for at least 10 days, the IAEA
said.

"The resumption of shelling, hitting the plant's sole source of external power, is
tremendously irresponsible," IAEA Director-General Rafael Grossi said in a
statement.

Grossi visited Kyiv on Thursday. He said he will soon travel to Russia, then
make another trip to Ukraine, to further his effort to set up a "nuclear safety and
security protection zone" around the plant, which he has advocated for weeks.

"This is an absolute and urgent imperative," he said. The IAEA didn't apportion
blame for the shelling.

Zaporizhzhia is one of four regions that Russian President Vladimir Putin has
annexed in violation of international laws. While the nuclear plant has been
under Russian control for months, the city of the same name remains under
Ukrainian control.
Putin signed a decree Wednesday declaring that Russia was taking over the
plant. Ukraine's Foreign Ministry called it a criminal act and said it considered
Putin's decree "null and void." Ukraine's state nuclear operator, Energoatom,
said it would continue to operate the plant.
DEBATE:

Topic Key points

Climate change: The electricity & heat sector is the largest source of human-
made CO2 emissions. It is also the sector that can most readily be decarbonized.
At least 80% of the world's electricity must be low carbon by 2050 to have a
realistic chance of keeping warming within 2 °C of pre-industrial levels
according to the latest (5th) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Synthesis Report1.In 2019, 63% of the world's electricity was generated from
the burning of fossil fuels, the same proportion as in 1999, 20 years earlier2.
Over the same period, absolute production of electricity from fossil fuels
increased by 80%.The scale of the challenge requires growth of all available
clean energy technologies. Whole lifecycle CO2 emissions associated with
nuclear energy are among the lowest of all forms of electricity generation,
similar to onshore wind3.Nuclear energy is proven, available today and can be
expanded quickly – making it an indispensable part of the solution to climate
change.

Economics: A supportive energy policy environment that promotes investment

in long-term, capital-intensive projects is essential for new nuclear build.
Almost all nuclear reactors operating today were built in state-controlled or
regulated markets. Similar to many forms of renewable energy, the majority of
costs are upfront capital. Nuclear power plants can operate for decades – in the
USA, reactors have been licensed to operate for 80 years – during which time
operational costs are generally very low. Over the lifetime of a project, nuclear
energy is among the most cost-competitive forms of low-carbon electricity
generation4.
SafetyMajor studies all conclude that nuclear is an exceptionally safe way to
produce electricity on an industrial scale. Nuclear has by far the lowest number
of direct fatalities of any major energy source per kWh of energy produced –
over 100 times less than hydro and liquefied natural gas5.Serious nuclear
accidents are very rare, and not particularly dangerous. The April 1986
Chernobyl accident in Ukraine is the only nuclear accident that has ever led to
measurable health effects: 30 fatalities and up to 4000 thyroid cancer cases in
those who were children when exposed6, 7, 8. The March 2011 accident at the
Fukushima plant in Japan did not cause any immediate health effects, and is
unlikely to cause any future health effects according to the United Nations
Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)9.

WasteAll forms of electricity generation produce some form of waste. Nuclear

power is the only energy-producing industry that takes full responsibility for
managing all its waste. Civil nuclear waste has been managed without a
significant environmental release for six decades. Unlike some other toxic
wastes, such as heavy metals, the principal hazard associated with nuclear waste
– its radioactivity – diminishes with time. Nuclear waste is categorized as low,
intermediate or high, according to its level of radioactivity. There are final
disposal facilities in operation for low- and intermediate-level waste. Most high-
level waste is used reactor fuel. The amount of reactor fuel requiring disposal is
relatively small; the total amount produced by the US nuclear industry over the
last 40 years would, if stacked side by side, cover a football field to a height of
about seven meters. The international scientific consensus is for high-level
waste to be disposed of in deep geological repositories. The first such repository
is due to open in Finland in the 2020s.
ProliferationSafeguards are effective, and the nuclear power industry does not
increase the risk of nuclear weapons proliferation. North Korea has developed
nuclear weapons but has never had nuclear electricity. Over 30 countries have
power reactors but only eight are known to have nuclear weapons. Weapons
programs were developed first in most of those countries. While certain
facilities (enrichment and reprocessing) can be used in the production of
weapons, the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards
are effective at policing these. Nuclear plants can help in eliminating warheads.
Under the now-completed 'Megatons to Megawatts' programme that ran from
1999 to 2013, material from Russian and US stockpiles equivalent to 20,000
bombs was converted to nuclear fuel amounting to 13-19% of global uranium
requirements.

Environmental Impact Nuclear plants have a small environmental footprint

and keep the air clean. They require only a small amount of fuel compared to
gas or coal, and take up a fraction of the space required for wind and solar
farms. The UK government estimates that Hinkley point C will generate
approximately 7% of the UK's electricity10 (currently 24.5 TWh/yr) for 60
years, from a site area of less than 2km2. By contrast, the country's 175-turbine
London Array offshore wind farm, the world's largest, generates about 2.5 TWh
each year11 from a site area of over 100 km2. Per unit of area, Hinkley Point C
will generate approximately 500 times more electricity than the London Array
wind farm. By preventing the emission of pollutants from other sources, nuclear
energy has up to now averted about 2 million pollution-related deaths, and by
2050, is likely to prevent a further 7 million12.

Radiation: Radiation is a naturally occurring phenomenon. 'Man-made'

radiation is fundamentally no different from natural radiation in its effects on
people. While radiation is dangerous in high doses, there is no evidence of
adverse health effects at low doses. Radiation can be used beneficially in
technologies that produce energy, aid medical diagnoses, improve industry and
agricultural performance, and help us learn more about our universe. Nuclear
power plants release extremely low levels of radiation. The nuclear industry is
responsible for less than 0.1% of the radiation that most people are exposed to
in their daily lives13. In advanced countries, most of which produce electricity
from nuclear energy, medical exposure such as X-rays, diagnostic imaging and
cancer treatment, account for 75% of dose to populations6.

Diversity of supply: All forms of low-carbon electricity generation will

need to grow significantly if the world is to control anthropogenic greenhouse
gas emissions. Renewables, in particular solar and wind, will play an important
role, but are not the whole solution. Two key considerations for energy policy
makers are energy density and intermittency:

Energy density. Solar and wind are innately diffuse sources of energy. Powering
a modern, and increasingly urban society with renewable energy alone would
require many hundreds of times more space than doing so by either fossil fuels
or nuclear.

Intermittency. Solar and wind are intermittent sources of energy that require
backup. Calculating the additional costs of integrating intermittent renewable
electricity sources into an energy system is complicated. Integrating low
percentages of renewable energy incurs low costs, but the expense increases
non-linearly as penetration grows and very significant backup or storage
solutions are required.

At present the only potential complement for a system with high renewables
penetration that is low carbon, continuous and scalable, is nuclear.
Responses collected from:

1)Monish sarath

2)Vishwa varshini

3)Manohar

4)Sumathi

5)Kannan

6)Ashwin kumar

7)