Actividad 1 Gerencia e Internacionalización de MiPymes – Docente Iván Medina
Nombre
Yaresni Leal Rodriguez y Ana Maria Gualdron Bravo
1. Firms adapting to global marketplaces: Introduction (Empresas que se
adaptan a los mercados globales: Introducción)
The global experience of firms, cities, and regions (La experiencia
global de empresas, ciudades y regions)
✓ The global market is a system in which an exchange of trade, capital
and labor between different countries is generated. This, based on the
international division of labor.
✓ That is, a global market is one where several nations establish
economic and financial relations, and there is also a free movement of
human capital.
✓ We must remember that by international division of labor we mean
that different countries specialize in the production of different goods
and services. This, in order to take advantage of their comparative
advantages.
✓ Comparative advantage is the ability of a person, company, or country
to produce a good using relatively fewer resources than another. This
is one of the foundations of international trade.
India’s textile and apparel industry (La industria textil y de la
confección de la India)
✓ The domestic garment and textile industry in India contributes 2% of
the country's GDP, 7% of the industry's output in terms of value. The
share of textiles, clothing and handicrafts in India's total exports was
11.4% in 2020 and 2021. India has a 4% share of the global trade
in textiles and clothing. India is the sixth largest exporter of textiles
and clothing in the world.
✓ India is one of the largest producers of cotton and jute in the world.
India is also the second largest silk producer in the world and 95% of
the world's hand-woven fabrics come from India. The Indian technical
textiles segment is estimated at $16 billion, about 6% of the global
market.
✓ The textile and garment industry in India is the second largest
employer in the country and provides direct employment to 45 million
people and 100 million people in related industries.
The Kannur home textiles industry (La industria de textiles para el
hogar de Kannur)
✓ Kannur, Kerala is well known for its Textile Industry and is known as
Manchester of Kerala is founded and promoted by the 3rd generation
of the family who runs the textile business since 1970s from Kannur.
The Company is run by professionals with long years of experience in
ID
662669 y 686562
2. The phenomenon of globalization in trade (El fenómeno de la
globalización en el comercio)
Changes in production patterns (Cambios en los patrones de
producción)
✓ Sustainable development requires changes in consumption and
production patterns, global governance mechanisms on food security
and climate change, and new technologies to produce more with less
impact on the environment.
Factors fueling the increase in trade (Factores que impulsan el
aumento del comercio)
✓ Economic growth must be one of the fundamental aims towards
which policy must aim. In its relation to nutrition, a country's economic
growth determines that, if the right policies are formulated, a part of
each country's domestic budget can be allocated towards social
investment, where nutrition should be at the forefront. There are
fundamental determinants of this economic growth, such as labor
productivity, the level of physical capital and financial capital, and
technological innovation. Other conditions such as the level of external
debt affect economic growth, since the payments derived from that
debt, such as interest and repayments, condition the ability of
economies to generate growth. However, it is not the function of this
section to analyze the determinants of economic growth but the link
between economic growth and nutrition.
Semestre
Octavo.
3. Theorizations of economic geography (Teorizaciones de la geografía
económica)
Explanations for changing trade patterns (Explicaciones para cambiar
los patrones comerciales)
✓ They try to explain phenomena that exist around international trade, in
order to understand the current behavior, for the better determination
of public policies on trade.
The global commodity chain (GCC) approach (El enfoque de la
cadena mundial de productos básicos (CCG)
✓ The value chain approach enables the analysis of existing constraints
and the approach of strategies at the level of the actors in each link of
the chain with a view to increasing productivity and adding greater
value.
Evolution of the GCC approach into the global value chain (GVC)
approach (Evolución del enfoque GCC hacia el enfoque de la cadena
global de valor (GVC)
✓ The Global Value Chain (QMS) can be understood as the sequence of
activities that companies and workers carry out from the conception of
product for final sale. Over the past four decades, such a sequence
has been
segmented into several countries, thus giving rise to new standards of
geographical structure of production. The objective of this work is to
develop
the emergence of the evolution of the theoretical framework on GVCs
from the
from the 80s to the present, critically analyzing some of its
postulate and, in particular, the specific approach that organizations
they have done so in recent years. They also raised
what are the new challenges posed by this new global economic
geography
imposed on peripheral countries to achieve development.
Keywords: Global value chains, literature review,
economic development.
Benefits of global value chains analysis (Beneficios del análisis de las
cadenas globales de valor)
Global value chains generate several positive effects on the world
economy, among which are the following: They allow to take
advantage of the comparative advantages between the different
countries of the world. Thus, for example, China can take advantage of
its relatively cheaper labor.
 garment industry is Empowering Women in the surrounding villages of
its units, and its first unit was established in 2019 at the village of
Kannadiparamba, Kannur. Its aim of sustainable growth provides the
founders to establish more such units in rural villages of Malabar,
thereby creating job opportunities for many women to transform their
life is committed to provide high quality garments at competitive price
to its customers and become their part of healthy growth, strongly
believe in long term and sustainable growth with its business partners.
Small industry conglomerations in emerging markets (Conglomerados
de pequeñas industrias en mercados emergentes)
✓ In the decades of the sixties and seventies there were many
processes of mergers and acquisitions in Europe and other developed
regions. Many companies merged creating a multitude of
conglomerates in order to achieve significant economies of scale or
synergies.
✓ The case of the Algerian Group. F. Argelini together with two other
partners created in Portugal the company called <<Society for the
Trade and Industry of Chemical Products and the like>>, in the period
1950-1970 they expanded the distribution of their products while
building new factories of those products; then, they created research
development laboratories where they obtained important discoveries
in pharmaceutical products. In the 80's, they intensified the
distribution of their products in international markets. Currently, the
Algerian Group continues with its attempts to open up to new areas to
maintain leadership in some market segments.
Shifting governance structures (Cambios en las estructuras de
gobierno)
✓ The first forms of government date back to about 12,000 years ago,
the beginning of the Neolithic. In this period, man manages to learn
more about his environment and to control the variables of nature
going from hunters and gatherers (main economic activities) to the
newly discovered agriculture. And it is this change that triggers, in
addition to the excellent climatic conditions that occurred in the West
East, which encourage new economic activity. The formerly nomadic
tribes are established and transformed for the first time into agrarian
communities. Since then, family clans and communities eventually
became peoples that developed independently in language and
culture.
✓ The second economic factor that leads us to the development of the
first civilizations is the discovery of bronze. With this, and the
discovery of the wheel, which dates from the same period (Bronze
Age), transports develop, and communication and exchange routes
are created between the already formed peoples. For all this we agree
with the following phrase of Ricardo Krebs: "Life in community forced
to establish rules and to constitute some authority that enforced the
laws. Since in those times there was still no writing, there were no
written laws. Men were governed by custom and customary law." In
addition, the growing economic activity needs control devices.
Internal analysis of a company's value chain is useful for significantly
increasing an organization's added value and competitive advantage.
After this analysis, better decisions can be made to move on to
targeted initiatives.
Understanding problems of market access (Comprender los
problemas de acceso a los mercados)
✓ Market access is the extent to which products and services can be
freely traded in export markets. Greater market access is generally
seen as increasing mutual benefits between trading partners.
Acquiring production capability (Adquirir capacidad de producción)
✓ To calculate the production capacity of an active enterprise, it is
sufficient to assess the available resources, that is, to measure the
quantity and quality of human resources, machines and equipment,
physical facilities, plant layout, production system and available
working capital.
Understanding the distribution of gains along the chains (Comprender
la distribución de las ganancias a lo largo de las cadenas)
✓ Supply chains can have different levels of maturity that directly impact
the development of the company, the higher the level of maturity, the
greater the return on investment, but also the greater the durability of
the business.
Finding leverage points for policy and organizing initiatives (Encontrar
puntos de apalancamiento para políticas e iniciativas de organización)
✓ Leverage is a strategy used to increase the profits and losses of an
investment. A higher degree of leverage carries greater risks. Thus,
although profits can be greatly increased, by making use of this
leverage effect you can also considerably increase losses.
Identifying funnels for technical assistance (Identificación de embudos
para la asistencia técnica)
✓ The sales funnel is a way to measure and get to know your potential
customers or buyer persona much better. It covers all activities, from
attracting new visitors to generating sales with an Inbound Marketing
strategy, thus increasing the monthly turnover of your business.