List of Physical Constants

Name Symbol Value

Gravitational Acceleration g 9.81 m/s²

Mass of Earth Me 5.97×1024kg
Boltzmann constant k B =R/ NA 1.381×10-23 J/K
Avogadro’s number NA 6.02×1023 molecules/mol
Universal gas constant R 8.314 J/mol K
Absolute zero 0K – 273.15°C
Pressure conversion 1 bar 105 N/m2 (or Pa)
1 atm 1.01×10% '(
Mass of electron me 9.11×10-31 kg
Mass of proton mp 1.673×10-27 kg
Mass of neutron mn 1.675×10-27 kg
Speed of light in vacuum c 3×108 m/s

Permeability of vacuum µ0 4p ´10-7 T × m A

Permittivity of vacuum )* = 1/(.* / 0 ) 8.854 ´10-12 C2 (N × m2 )

Coulomb constant 2 = 1/(44)* ) 8.99 ´109 N × m2 C2

Magnitude of electron charge e 1.6 ´10-19 C

Gravitational constant G 6.67 ´10-11 N × m2 kg 2
Electron volt 1 eV 1.6 ´10-19 J

List of Formulae
Part 1: Mechanics

Linear Motion

Δ: :< − :> Δ: H: HI
5678 = = , 5 ≡ lim = , 5 =
Δ; ;< − ;> DE→G Δ; H; H;
Δ5 5< − 5> Δ5 H5 H 0 : H5
(678 = = , ( ≡ lim = = 0 , ( =
Δ; ;< − ;> DE→G Δ; H; H; H;
1 1
5< = 5> + (;, I< = I> + 5 + 5< ;, 5<0 = 5>0 + 2( I< − I> , I< = I> + 5> ; + (; 0
2 > 2
Q 5>0 sin0 P> 5>0 sin 2P>
L = tan P> I − 0 I 0, ℎ= , V=
25> cos 0 P> 2Q Q
HY HZ ZQ
Σ X = = Z(, XE = 5 , Y = Z5, [\ = .\ ], [^ ≤ .^ ], 5 = (1 − a b cE d
)
H; H; `
 Ef
e= XH; = ΔY = Y< − Y> , e = X678 h;
Eg

jf
Hi
i= X. HI = Δkl , i = X ∙ : = X : cos n = ΔKl , '= =X∙5
jg H;

p p
kl = Z5 0 , 'lq = 2(hI)0 , 'lr = ZQℎ
0 0

Zp 5p> + Z0 50> = Zp 5p< + Z0 50< , 5p> − 50> = − 5p< − 50<

1 1 1 1
:st = Z> :> , Ist = Z > I> , Lst = Z> L> , vst = Z> v>
u u u u
> > > >

Rotational Motion Gravitation

50 H5 ÉtÑ tÖ ÉtÑ tÖ
(w = = :x 0 , (E = X= , ‡=− ,
: H; ÜÖ Ü

HP 5 Hx ( Ét Gu
y = :P, x= = , z= = , Q= , ˆ=−
H; : H; : ÜÖ :
1 1
x< = x> + z;, P< = P> + x + x< ;, x<0 = x>0 + 2z P< − P> , P< = P> + x> ; + z; 0
2 > 2

e= :>0 Z> , e= : 0 HZ , eG = est + u{ 0 , e| = ej + e}

>

H• 1
~ = :×X = X : sin n , Σ ~ = = ez, klÄ = ex 0 , • = :×Y = Y : sin n = ex
H; 2

List of moments of inertia

Thin cylindrical shell est = uV 0

1
Hollow cylinder est = u Vp0 + V00
2
1
Solid cylinder or disc est = uV 0
2
1
Rectangular plate est = u (0 + `0
12
1
Long thin rod with rotation axis through centre est = u•0
12
1
Long thin rod with rotation axis through end e= u•0
3
2
Thin spherical shell est = uV 0
3
2
Solid sphere est = uV 0
5
 Part 2: Thermal Physics

∆• = z•> ∆‹ , ∆Œ = 2zŒ> ∆‹ , ∆ˆ = •ˆ> ∆‹

' ‹ − '(0) '

‹= ×100, ‹ = 273.16 k •‘Z ,
' 100 − '(0) ';: →0 ';:

/ñ V
'ˆ = ’V‹, 'ˆ ì = constant, ‹ˆ ìbp = /”’y;(’;, • = , /ñ − /7 = V, 2— =
/7 ]Œ

1 3 3 3
klE*E6ò = u5 0 = ’V‹ = ]2ô ‹, l>öE = ’V‹
2 2 2 2
› = Z/∆‹, › = Z•, › = ’œù ∆‹ , › = ’œû ∆‹ › = ∆l>öE + i
ùf
ˆ< 1
i= 'Hˆ , i = Y ˆ< − ˆ> , i = ’V‹•’ , i= Y[ ˆ[ − Y‘ ˆ‘
ˆ> 1−•
ùg

i*†E ›s
Ÿ= =1−
›° ›°

Part 3: Electricity and Magnetism

Œ. — ≡ Œ — cos P ; Œ×— ≡ Œ — sin P ’ ; ’ ⊥ Œ & —

|ß®| |ß| ßÆØ°
X = ¥l |X| = ©™´ Ö |l| = ©™´ Ö Φq = l. HŒ =
¨Ü ¨Ü ´¨

ß® ß ±ù
‡ = ¥ˆ ‡ = ©™´ ˆ = ©™´ lÜ = − ±Ü
¨Ü ¨Ü

p p
› = œΔˆ ‡ = 0s(Dù)Ö ²q = 0 ´ ¨ q Ö ~ = Y×l;
´¨ ³
œ= ±
‡ = −Y. l

±ß µ ò p
e= ±E
´ = ³ = ’¥5± ´ = ¶l ˆ = eV; V = · ³; · = ¸

e = 0; Δˆ = 0
ℰ = eV + e: ¥ ; = ›(1 − a b E Äs
) ¥ ; = ›* a b E Äs
º†öwE>*ö wò*^ª±
ò**ñ

ℰ ˆ0
e ; = Ä a b E Äs
' = eˆ = e 0 V =
V

º e Hy×: º µ
¨ º¨ ½µ
X = ¥5×— — = ©™¨ —. Hy = .* e — = 0™Ü ; — = .* ’e; — =
0Ü

:0

c
p
X = e•×— X= e Hy×— Φô = —. HŒ = 0 ²ô = 0º ôÖ
¨
6
 X = ¥l + ¥5×— ~ = .×—; ‡ = −.. —

HΦô HΦô
ℰ = −] Φô = —. HŒ ℰ = —•5 /”y P l. Hy = −
H; H;

±µ ]Φô p Hep ½Ö øÑÖ ½Ñ øÖÑ

ℰ = −• •= ; U = 0 •e 0 ℰ0 = −up0 up0 = µÑ
= u0p = µÖ
±E e H;

ℰ ℰ p Ä
e ; = Ä a b ÄE ¿ e ; = Ä (1 − a b ÄE ¿ ) › = ›d6j a b ÄE 0¿
cos x± ; x± = − (0¿)0
¿s

ed6j 0
eÜd^ = '678 = eÜd^ V
2

Part 4: Mathematics
Algebra

bc± c Ö b©6w
( d ×( ö = ( d¡ö (( d )ö = ( dö Ip,0 = where (I 0 + `I + / = 0
06

Trigonometric Identities

tan Œ = sin Œ cos Œ sec Œ = 1 cos Œ cosec Œ = 1 sin Œ cot Œ = cos Œ sin Œ = 1 tan Œ

sin0 Œ + cos 0 Œ = 1 sec 0 Œ = 1 + tan0 Œ cosec 0 Œ = 1 + cot 0 Œ

6 c w
= = & / 0 = ( 0 + ` 0 − 2(` cos • where z + • + • = 180°
ƒÅÆ « ƒÅÆ » ƒÅÆ ì

Derivatives / Integrals (An arbitrary constant should be added to each integral)

± ±
(I ö = (’I öbp a 6j = (a 6j
±j ±j

± ± ±
sin 2I = 2 cos 2I cos 2I = −2 sin 2I tan 2I = 2 sec 0 2I
±j ±j ±j

j ØÀÑ ±j ±j j±j
I ö HI = (’ ≠ 1) = ln I = ln(( + I) = x − (ln(( + I)
ö¡p j 6¡j 6¡j

±j j±j
= ln I + I 0 ± (0 = I 0 ± (0
j Ö ±6 Ö j Ö ±6 Ö

±j ±j j±j bp
Π= Π=
(j Ö ±6 Ö ) Ö 6Ö j Ö ±6 Ö (j Ö ±6 Ö ) Ö j Ö ±6 Ö