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6–1. Draw the influence line for (a) the vertical reaction at
A, (b) the shear at B, and (c) the moment at B. Assume A is
fixed. Solve this problem using the basic method of Sec. 6.1.

A
B
2m 1m
Solution

206

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6–2. Solve Prob. 6–1 using the Müller-Breslau principle.

A
B
2m 1m
Solution

207

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6–3. Draw the influence lines for (a) the vertical reaction
at A, (b) the shear at C, and (c) the moment at C. Solve this B
A
problem using the basic method of Sec. 6.1. C
2m 2m 1m 1m

Solution

4 6
x (m)
2

x (m)
2 4 5 6

2 4 5 6
x (m)

–1

208

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*6–4. Solve Prob. 6–3 using Müller-Breslau’s principle.

A B
C
2m 2m 1m 1m

Solution

4 6
x (m)
2

x (m)
2 4 5 6

2 4 5 6
x (m)

–1

209

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6–5. Draw the influence lines for (a) the vertical reaction
at B, (b) the shear just to the right of the rocker at A, and B
A
(c) the moment at C. Solve this problem using the basic C
method of Sec. 6.1. 2m 2m 2m

Solution

x (m)
2 4 6

x (m)
2 4 6

x (m)
2 4 6

–1

210

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6–6. Solve Prob. 6–5 using Müller-Breslau’s principle.

A B
C
2m 2m 2m

Solution

x (m)
2 4 6

x (m)
2 4 6

x (m)
2 4 6

–1

211

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6–7.  Draw the influence line for (a) the moment at B,

(b) the shear at C, and (c) the vertical reaction at B. Solve
this problem using the basic method of Sec. 6.1. Hint: The
support at A resists only a horizontal force and a bending
A B
moment. C

4m 4m 4m

Solution

212
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*6–8.  Solve Prob. 6–7 using the Müller-Breslau principle.

A B
C

4m 4m 4m

Solution

213
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6–9.  Draw the influence line for (a) the vertical reaction 3m 6m
at A, (b) the shear at C, and (c) the moment at C. Solve this
problem using the basic method of Sec. 6.1. Assume A is a A B
C
roller and B is a pin.

Solution

214
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6–10.  Solve Prob. 6–9 using Müller-Breslau’s principle. 3m 6m

A B
C

Solution

215
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6–11.  Draw the influence lines for (a) the vertical reaction
at B, (b) the shear just to the left of B, and (c) the moment
at B. Solve this problem using the basic method of Sec. 6.1.
Assume A is a pin and B is a roller. C
A B

6m 3m

Solution

216
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*6–12.  Solve Prob. 6–11 using Müller-Breslau’s principle.

C
A B

6m 3m

Solution

217
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6–13.  Draw the influence line for (a) the moment at C,

(b) the shear just to the right of the support at B, and (c) the A B
C
vertical reaction at B. Solve this problem using the basic
method of Sec. 6.1. Assume A is a pin and B is a roller.
1m 1m 3m 1m

Solution

218
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6–14.  Solve Prob. 6–13 using the Müller-Breslau principle.

A C B

1m 1m 3m 1m

Solution

219
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6–15.  The beam is subjected to a uniform dead load of 6m 6m

1.2 kN>m and a single live load of 40 kN. Determine (a)
the maximum moment created by these loads at C, and (b) A B
C
the maximum positive shear at C. Assume A is a pin, and B
is a roller.

40 kN

Solution

1
( M C ) max = 40 kN (3 m) + 1.2 kN>m a b(12 m)(3 m) = 141.6 kN # m Ans.
2

1 1 1 1 1
( V C ) max = 40a b + 1.2 kN>m c a b a- b(6) + a b(6) d = 20 kN Ans.
2 2 2 2 2

Ans:
( M C ) max = 142 kN # m
( V C ) max = 20 kN

220
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*6–16. A uniform live load of 7.5 kN>m and a single

concentrated force of 90 kN are to be placed on the beam.
A B
Determine (a) the maximum positive live vertical reaction C
at support B, (b) the maximum positive live shear at point C,
and (c) the maximum positive live moment at point C. 3m 3m 3m 1.5 m
Assume the support at A is a pin and B is a roller.

Solution
 [P
D 5%PD[  N1 $QV    

 
E 9&PD[  
 
N1 $QV


F 0&PD[      N1
P $QV
 
[P
 


 
[P
  ²
²

221
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6–17. A uniform live load load of

of 300
4 kN/m
lbft and
and a single live
force of
concentrated force of 1500
6 kNlbare
aretotobe
be placed
placed on
on the beam.
The beam has has aa weight
weight ofof 150
2 kN/m.
lbft. Determine (a) the A
maximum vertical reaction at support B, and (b) the
maximum negative moment at point B. Assume the support B
at A is a pin and B is a roller.

6m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the vertical reaction at B shown in Fig. a, the
maximum reaction that is

1
("Y) max ()  1.5(6)  4 (9 0)(1.5) 5(4  2)
2

 49.5 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the moment at B shown in Fig. b, the maximum
negative moment is

1
(-") max ( )  3(6)  4 (9 6)( 3)5(4  2)
2
 45 kN · m Ans.

6 9
x (m)

x (m)
6 9 –3

Ans:
( B y ) max ( + ) = 49.5 kN
( M B ) max ( - ) = -45 kN # m

222

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6–18. The beam supports a uniform dead load of 0.4 k ft,

8 kN/m,
a live load of
of 1.5 k ft, and
30 kN/m, anda single live
a single concentrated
live concentratedforce of
force
8 k.32Determine
of kN. Determine(a) the(a)maximum
the maximumpositive moment
positive at C,
moment
and
at C, (b)
and the
(b) the maximum
maximum positive
positivevertical
verticalreaction
reaction at
at B. B C A
Assume A
Assume A isis aaroller
rollerand
andBBisisaapin.
pin.
2m 2m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the moment at C shown in Fig. a, the maximum
positive moment is

1 1
(-#) max ()  1(32)  4 (4 0)(1) 5 (30)  4 (4 0)(1) 5(8)
2 2

1
 4 (7 4)( 1.5) 5(8)
2

 90 kN · m Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the vertical reaction at B shown in Fig. b, the
maximum positive reaction is

1 1
("Y) max ()  1(32)  4 (4 0)(1) 5(30)  4 (4 0)(1) 5(8)
2 2
1
 4 (7 4)( 0.75) 5 (8)
2
 99 kN Ans.

1
7
x (m)
2 4

–1.5

7
x (m)
2 4

Ans:
( M C ) max ( + ) = 90 kN # m
( B y ) max ( + ) = 99 kN

223

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6–19. A uniform live load of 10.5 kN>m and a single live

concentrated force of 45 kN are to be placed on the beam.
Determine (a) the maximum positive live vertical reaction A C B
at support A, (b) the maximum positive live shear at point
C, and (c) the maximum positive live moment at point
C.Assume the support at A is a roller and B is a pin.
3m 3m 3m
1.5 m

Solution
10.5

(Ay)max(+) = (10.5 )
1
2 ()
(1.25 )( 7.5 ) + 45(1.25 ) 1.5 4.5 7.5

N
= 105.5 kN Ans

(VC)max(+) = (10.5)
1
2 () 1
(0.25 )(1.5 ) + (10.5 ) (0.5 )( 3) + 45(0.5 )
2 7.5 10.5
= 32.3 kN Ans 4.5
1.5

(MC)max(+) = 10.5
1
2 ()
(1.5 )(6 ) + 45(1.5 )

= 114.8 kN ⋅ m Ans 1.5

1.5 7.5 10.5

4.5
–0.75
–1.5

Ans:
(Ay)max( + ) = 105.5 kN
(VC)max( + ) = 32.3 kN
(MC)max( + ) = 114.8 kN # m

224
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*6–20.  The compound beam is subjected to a uniform

dead load of 1.5 kN>m and a single live load of 10 kN.
Determine (a) the maximum negative moment created by
these loads at A, and (b) the maximum positive shear at B. B C
A
Assume A is a fixed support, B is a pin, and C is a roller.

5m 10 m

Solution
1
(M A )max = 1.5a b(15)(- 5) + 10(- 5)
2

­­­­­ = -106 kN # m Ans.

1
(V B )max = 1.5a b(10)(1) + 10(1)
2

­­­­­ = 17.5 kN Ans.

225
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6–21. Where should a single 2-kN live load be placed on

the beam so it causes the largest moment at D? What is this
moment? Assume the support at A is fixed, B is pinned, and A B C
C is a roller.
D

2m 2m 4m

Solution
At point B:

1MD 2 max = 21 - 22 = -4 kN # m Ans.

2 4 9
x(m)

–2

Ans:
At B; ( M D ) max = - 4 kN # m

226
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6–22.  The beam is subjected to a uniform live load of

1.2 kN>m, a dead load of 0.5 kN>m, and a single live load of A B C
D
E
40 kN. Determine (a) the maximum positive moment created
by these loads at E, and (b) the maximum positive shear at 4m 4m 4m 4m
E. Assume A and C are roller, and B is a short link.

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the moment at E, shown in Fig. a, the maximum
positive moment at this point is

1 1
( M E ) max( + ) = 40(2.00) + c (16 - 8)(2.00) d (1.2 + 0.5) + c (8 - 0)(-2.00) d (0.5)
2 2

= 89.6 kN # m Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the shear at E shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive shear at this point is,

1 1
( VE ) max( + ) = 40(0.5) + c (8 - 0)(0.5) d (1.2 + 0.5) + c (16 - 12)(0.5) d (1.2 + 0.5)
2 2

1
+ c (12 - 8)(- 0.5) d (0.5)
2

= 24.6 kN Ans.

Ans:
( M E ) max ( + ) = 89.6 kN # m;
( V E ) max ( + ) = 24.6 kN

227
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6–23.  The beam supports a uniform dead load of 500 N>m

and a single live concentrated force of 3000 N. Determine
(a) the maximum negative moment at E, and (b) the
maximum positive shear at E. Assume the support at A is a
pin, B and D are rollers, and C is a pin. A B C D
E

3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the moment at E, shown in Fig. a, the maximum
negative moment at this point is

1
( M E ) max( - ) = 3000(- 3.00) + c (12 - 6)(- 3.00) d (500)
2

= -13500 N # m = -13.5 kN # m Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the shear at E, shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive shear at this point is

1
( V E ) max( + ) = 3000(1.00) + c (9 - 6)(1.00) + (12 - 9)(1.00) d (500)
2

= 5250 N = 5.25 kN Ans.

Ans:
( M E ) max ( - ) = - 13.5 kN # m;
( V E ) max ( + ) = 5.25 kN

228
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*6–24. The beam beamis is used

used to support
to support a deada load
deadof load of
8 kN/m,
400 lb load
a live ft, a live
of load of 2 k and
40 kN/m, ft, and a concentratedlive
a concentrated liveload
load of
832k.kN.
Determine
Determine (a)(a)
thethe
maximum
maximum positive
positivevertical reaction
vertical at
reaction
A, (b)(b)
at A, thethemaximum
maximumpositive
positiveshear
shearjust
justtotothe
the right
right of
of the
support at A, and (c) the maximum negative moment at C. A B C
Assume A is a roller,roller, C
C is
is fixed,
fixed,andand BB isispinned.
pinned.
2m 2m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the vertical reaction at A shown in
Fig. a, the maximum positive reaction is

1
(!Y) max ()  2(32)  4 (4 0)(2) 5(40  8)  256 kN Ans. x (m)
2
2 4 7

Referring to the influence line for the shear just to the right to the support
at A shown in Fig. b, the maximum positive shear is

1
(6!  ) max ()  1(32)  4 (2 0)(1) 5 (40  8)
2
1
 4 (4 2)(1)5(40  8) x (m)
2 2 4 7
 128 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the moment at C shown in Fig. c, the
maximum negative moment is
3
1 1
(-#) max ( )  3(32)  4 (7 2)( 3)5(40)  4 (2 0)(3)5(8)
2 2 4
x (m)
1 2 7
 4 (7 2)( 3)5 (8)
2

 432 kN · m Ans. –3

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6–25.  Draw the influence line for (a) the vertical reaction
at A, (b) the shear just to the right of B, and (c) the moment
at A. Assume A is fixed, C is a roller, and B is a pin.

A B C

6m 4m 4m

Solution

230
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6–26.  A uniform live load of 1.8 kN>m and a single

concentrated live force of 4 kN are placed on the floor
beams. Determine (a) the maximum positive shear in panel
BC of the girder and (b) the maximum moment in the
girder at G. A B G C D E F

0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 0.5 m

0.25 m 0.25 m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the shear in panel BC shown in Fig. a, the
maximum positive shear is

1
(V BC)max(+) = 1(4) + c (1 - 0.5)(1) d (1.8) + [(2.5 - 1)(1)](1.8) = 7.15 kN Ans.
2

Referring to the influence line for the moment at G Fig. b, the maximum negative
moment is

1
(M G)max(-) = - 1.75(4)c (1 - 0.5)(- 0.25) d (1.8)
2

1
+ e (2.5 - 1)[ - 0.25 + (- 1.75)] f(1.8)
2

= -9.81 kN # m Ans.

Ans:
( V BC ) max ( + ) = 7.15 kN;
( M G ) max ( - ) = -9.81 kN # m

231
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6–27.  Draw the influence line for the moment at E in the 2m 4m 4m

girder. Determine the maximum positive moment in the
girder at E if a single concentrated live force of 5 kN and a A B C D
uniform live load of 1.5 kN>m can be placed on the floor
beams. Assume A is a pin and D is a roller.
E

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the moment at E, shown in Fig. a, the maximum
positive moment at this point is

1
( M E ) max( + ) = 5(2.40) + c (10 - 0)(2.4) d (1.5) = 30.0 kN # m Ans.
2

Ans:
( M E ) max ( + ) = 30.0 kN # m

232
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*6–28. A A uniform
uniform live live load
load ofof302 kN/m
k ft and
and a single
concentrated live
live force
forceofof6 30
k are
kNplaced on the on
are placed floor
thebeams.
floor
If the beams
beams. If thealso
beamssupport
also asupport
uniforma dead
uniformloaddead
of 350 lb of
load ft,
determine
5.25 kN/m,(a) the maximum
determine positive
(a) the shear in
maximum panel CD
positive shearof
thepanel
in girderCDandof (b)
thethe maximum
girder and (b)negative moment
the maximum in the
negative A
B C D E
girder at in
moment D.the
Assume
girdertheat support at Cthe
D. Assume is asupport
roller and
at CE isis a
pin. and E is a pin.
roller 1m 1m 1m 1m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the shear in panel CD shown in Fig. a, the
maximum positive shear is

1 1
(6#$) max ()  1(30)  4 (2 0)(1) 5(30  5.25)  4 (4 2)(0.5) 5(30  5.25)
2 2

 82.875 kN  82.9 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the moment at D shown in Fig. b, the maximum
negative moment is

1 1
-$( max )  1(30)  4 (2 0)( 1) 5(30)  4 (2 0)( 1) 5(5.25)
2 2
1
 4 (4 2)(0.5) 5(5.25)
2
 62.625 kN · m  62.6 kN · m Ans.

x (m)
1 2 3 4

0.5
1 2
x (m)
3 4

–1

233

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6–29.  Draw the influence line for (a) the shear in panel
BC of the girder, and (b) the moment at D.

A B C D E F

2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

Solution

234
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6–30. A uniform live load of 5 kN/m and a single 3m 2m 2m 3m

concentrated live
liveforce
forceofof6 kN areare
6 kN to be
toplaced on the
be placed onfloor
the
beams. Determine
floor beams. (a) the(a)
Determine maximum positive
the maximum shear in
positive panel
shear in E A B C F
AB,
paneland
AB,(b)
andthe maximum
(b) the maximum moment
moment at atD.D.Assume
Assume only
G D H
vertical reaction occur at the supports.

1m 1m 1m

3.67

3
x (m)
5 7 10

Solution
1
(6!") max  (10 3.67)(0.5)(5)  0.5(6)  10.92 kN Ans.
2

1 1 1 1.5
(-$) max  4 (0.75)(3)  (0.75  1.5)(2)  (1.5  1.25)(2) 1.25
2 2 2 0.75

1 x (m)
 (1.25)(3)5(5)  1.5(6) 3 5 7 10
2

 49 kN · m Ans.

Ans:
( V AB ) max = 10.92 kN
( M D ) max = 49 kN # m

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6–31.  A uniform live load of 16 kN>m and a single A C E

concentrated live force of 34 kN are placed on the top
beams. If the beams also support a uniform dead load of B D
3 kN>m, determine (a) the maximum positive shear in panel
BC of the girder and (b) the maximum positive moment in 4m 4m 4m 4m
the girder at C. Assume B is a roller and D is a pin.

Solution

1
( V BC ) max = 34 kN(0.5 m) + 16 kN>m c 0.5(8 m) + (0.5)(12 - 8) d
2

1 1
+ 3 kN>m c 0.5(8 m) + (12 - 8)(0.5) + (-0.5)(16 - 12) d
2 2

= 109 kN Ans.

1
( M C ) max = 34 kN(2 m) + 16 kN>m a b(12 - 4)(2) + 3 kN>m(0) = 196 kN # m Ans.
2

Ans:
( V BC ) max = 109 kN;
( M C ) max = 196 kN # m

236
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*6–32.
6–34. A A uniform live load of 30.2kN/m k ft and a single 1m 1m
concentrated live
live force
forceofof4 20 kNplaced
are placed 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
k are on the on thebeams.
floor floor
beams. Determine
Determine (a) the (a) the maximum
maximum positivepositive
shear inshear
panelinDE
panel
of A
DE of the and
the girder, girder,
(b) and (b) the maximum
the maximum positive at
positive moment moment
H.
at H. G
B C D E H F

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the shear in panel DE shown in Fig. a, the
maximum positive shear is

1
(6$%) max ()  0.6667(20)  4 (6 0)(0.6667) 5(3)
2

1
 4 (12 6)(0.6667)5(3)
2

 25.33 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the moment at H shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive moment is

1
(-() max ()  1(20)  4 (8 6)(1)5 (3)
2
1
 [(10 8)(1)](3)  4 (12 10)(1) 5(3)
2
 32 kN · m Ans.

1 1
2 4 6
x (m) x (m)
2 4 6 8 10 12 8 10 12
–1

–2

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6–33. A uniform
6–31. uniform live
live load
load of
of 15
0.6 kN/m and a single
k ft and 1m 2m 1m 3m
concentrated live
live force
forceof
of25
5 kN aretotobe
k are beplaced
placedon
on the
the top
beams. Determine (a) the maximum positive shear in panel
D
DC of
BC of the girder, and (b) the maximum positive moment at
C. Assume the support at B is a roller and at D a pin. B A
C

Solution
1
a) (6"#) max  25(0.5)  (0.5)(6)(15)  35 kN Ans.
2

1
b) (-#) max  1.5(25)  15 4 2 3(6)(1.5)5  105 kN · m Ans.
2

1.5

x (m) x (m)
1 4 7 1 4 7
–0.5

Ans:
(V BC)max = 35 kN
(M C)max = 105 kN # m

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6–34.  A uniform live load of 8 kN>m and a single

concentrated live force of 12 kN are placed on the floor
beams. If the beams also support a uniform dead load of A D E
B C
400  N>m, determine (a) the maximum positive shear in
panel CD of the girder and (b) the maximum positive 4m 4m 4m 4m
moment in the girder at C.

Solution
Referring to the influence line of the shear within panel CD, shown in Fig. a, the
maximum positive shear within this panel is

1 1
( V CD ) max( + ) = c (4 - 0)(0.3333) d (8 + 0.4) + c (16 - 10)(0.3333) d (8 + 0.4)
2 2

1
+ c (10 - 4) (-0.3333) d (0.4) + 12(0.3333)
2

= 17.6 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line of the moment at C, shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive moment at this point is

1 1
(M C)max = c (16 - 4) (2.667) d (8 + 0.4) + c (4 - 0) (- 2.667) d (0.4) + 12(2.667)
2 2

= 164.27 kN # m = 164 kN # m  Ans.

Ans:
( V CD ) max ( + ) = 17.6 kN;
( MC ) max ( + ) = 164 kN # m

239
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6–35. Draw the influence line for the moment at B in the

2m 2m 2m 2m 2m
girder. Determine the maximum positive live moment in the
girder at B if a single concentrated live force of 50 kN moves A B E C D
across the top beams. Assume the supports for these beams
can exert both upward and downward forces on the beams.

Solution

3.0

1.0
10

2 4 6 8 –0.5

(MB)max(+)  50(3)  150 kNm Ans

Ans:
(MB)max( + ) = 150 kN # m

240
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*6–36.  A uniform live load of 6.5 kN>m and a single

concentrated live force of 15 kN are placed on the floor
beams. If the beams also support a uniform dead load of A E
B C D
600  N>m, determine (a) the maximum positive shear in
panel CD of the girder and (b) the maximum positive 4m 4m 4m 4m
moment in the girder at D.

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the shear in panel CD shown in Fig. a, the
maximum positive shear is

1
(V CD)max(+) = (0.3333)(15) + c (4 - 0)(0.3333) d (6.5 + 0.6)
2

1
+ c (16 - 10)(0.3333) d (6.5 + 0.6)
2

1
+ c (10 - 4)(- 0.3333) d (0.6)
2

= 16.2 kN Ans.

Referring to the influence line for the moment at D shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive moment is

1
(M D)max(+) = 2.6667(15) + c (16 - 4)(2.6667) d (6.5 + 0.6)
2
1
+ c (4 - 0)(- 1.3333) d (0.6)
2

= 152 kN # m Ans.

241
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6–37.  A uniform live load of 1.75 kN>m and a single 3m 1.5 m 1.5 m
concentrated live force of 8 kN are placed on the floor beams.
If the beams also support a uniform dead load of 250 N>m, D
determine (a) the maximum negative shear in panel BC of
the girder and (b) the maximum positive moment at B. A C
B

Solution
By referring to the influence line for the shear in panel BC shown in Fig. a, the
maximum negative shear is

(V BC)max(-) = - 0.6667(8)

1
+ c (4.5 - 0)(-0.6667) d (1.75 + 0.25)
2

1
+ c (6 - 4.5)(0.6667) d (0.25)
2

= - 8.21 kN Ans.

By referring to the influence line for the moment at B shown in Fig. b, the maximum
positive moment is

1
(M B )max(+) = 1(8) + c (4.5 - 0)(1) d (1.75 + 0.25)
2

1
+ c (6 - 4.5)(-1) d (0.25)
2

= 12.3 kN # m Ans.

Ans:
( V BC ) max ( - ) = - 8.21 kN;
( M B ) max ( + ) = 12.3 kN # m

242
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6–38. Draw the influence line for the force in (a) member L K J I H
KJ and (b) member CJ.

4m

A G
B C D E F
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution

3 6 9 12 15 18
9 12 15 18 x (m)
x (m)
3 6

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L K J I H
6–39. Draw the influence line for the force in (a) member JI,
(b) member IE, and (c) member EF.
4m

A G
B C D E F
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution

3 6 9 12 15 18
x (m)
x (m)
3 6 9 12 15 18

15 18
x (m)
3 6 9 12

244
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*6–40. Draw the influence line for the force in member KJ. L K J I H

3m

A
B C D E F G
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution

3 6 9 12 15 18
x (m)
–0.333
–0.667 –0.667
–1
–1.33

245

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L K J I H
6–41. Draw the influence line for the force in member JE.
3m

A
B C D E F G
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution

3 6 9
x (m)
12 15 18

246
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L K J I H G
6–42. Draw the influence line for the force in member CD. A
1.5 m

B C D E F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

Solution

247
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6–43.  Draw the influence line for the force in member JK. L K J I H G
A
1.5 m

B C D E F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

Solution

248
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*6–44.  Draw the influence line for the force in member DK. L K J I H G
A
1.5 m

B C D E F
2m 2m 2m 2m 2m 2m

Solution

249
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6–45.  Draw the influence line for the force in (a) member L K J I H
EH and (b) member JE.
3m
G
A
B C D E F
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution

250
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6–46.  Draw the influence line for the force in member JI. L K J I H

3m
G
A
B C D E F
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution

251
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6–47.  Draw the influence line for the force in member AL. L K J I H

3m
G
A
B C D E F
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution

252
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*6–48. Draw the influence line for the force in member G F E

BC of the Warren truss. Indicate numerical values for the
peaks. All members have the same length.

60° 60°
A D
B C

6m 6m 6m

Solution

6 12 18

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6–49. Draw the influence line for the force in member BF G F E

of the Warren truss. Indicate numerical values for the peaks.
All members have the same length.

60° 60°
A D
B C

6m 6m 6m

Solution

12 18
6

254
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6–50. Draw the influence line for the force in member RN T S R Q P

of the Baltimore truss. 7.5 m
W O N V
A M 7.5 m
B C D E F G H I J K L
12 @ 7.5 m = 90 m

Solution

30
x(m)
37.5 90

255
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T S R Q P
6–51. Draw the influence line for the force in member WG
of the Baltimore truss. 7.5 m
W O N V
A M 7.5 m
B C D E F G H I J K L
12 @ 7.5 m = 90 m

Solution

30
x(m)
45 90
37.5

256
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*6–52. Draw the influence line for the force in member T S R Q P

CO of the Baltimore truss.
7.5 m
W O N V
A M 7.5 m
B C D E F G H I J K L
12 @ 7.5 m = 90 m

Solution

15 22.5 30
x(m)

257
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6–53. Draw the influence line for the force in member CL. K J
L I
M H
N
3m
2m
A G
B C D E F

6 @ 3 m  18 m

Solution

9 12 15 18
x (m)
3 6

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6–54. Draw the influence line for the force in member DL. K J
L I
M H
N
3m
2m
A G
B C D E F

6 @ 3 m  18 m

Solution

3 6
x (m)
9 12 15 18

259
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6–55. Draw the influence line for the force in member CD. K J
L I
M H
N
3m
2m
A G
B C D E F

6 @ 3 m  18 m

Solution

x (m)
3 6 9 12 15 18

260

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*6–56. The roof truss serves to support a crane rail which is G

attached to the bottom cord of the truss as shown. Determine
the maximum live force (tension or compression) that can be H F
developed in member GF, due to the crane load of 60 kN. 3m
Specify the position x of the load. Assume the truss is
E
supported at A by a pin and at E by a roller. Also, assume all A
B C D
members are sectioned and pinconnected at the gusset plates.
x

60 kN
3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
x = 6m Ans.

1FGF 2 max = 1602 1 - 1.1182 = 67.1 kN 1C 2 Ans.

6 12
x(m)

261
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6–57. Draw the influence line for the force in member G

GD, then determine the maximum force (tension or
compression) that can be developed in this member due to H F
a uniform live load of 3 kN m that acts on the bridge deck 4.5 m
along the bottom cord of the truss. 3m
A E
B C D

12 m, 4 @ 3 m

Solution

Referring to the influence line for the member force of number GD, the maximum
tensile and compressive force is

1
(&'$) max ()  4 (12 6.857)(0.751) 5 (3)  5.79 kN(T) (Max.) Ans.
2
1
(&'$) min ( )  4 (6.857 0)( 0.300) 5 (3)  3.09 kN (C)
2

Ans:
(FGD)max( + ) = 5.79 kN (T) (Max.)

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6–58. Draw the influence line for the force in member CD. L K J I H

3m
G
A
B C D E F
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution

263

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6–59. Draw the influence line for the force in member KJ. L K J I H

3m
G
A
B C D E F
4m 4m 4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution

264
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*6–60. Draw the influence line for the force in member H G F

CD, and then determine the maximum force (tension or
compression) that can be developed in this member due to
a uniform live load of 12 kN/m which acts along the bottom 3m
cord of the truss.
A E
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the force of member CD, the maximum tensile
force is

1
(&#$) max ()  4 (12 0)(0.75) 5(12)  54 kN (T) Ans.
2

x (m)
3 6 9 12

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6–61. Draw the influence line for the force in member H G F

CF, and then determine the maximum force (tension or
compression) that can be developed in this member due to
a uniform live load of 12 kN/m which is transmitted to the 3m
truss along the bottom cord.
A E
B C D
3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
Referring to the influence line for the force in member CF, the maximum tensile
and compressive force are

1
(&#&) max ()  4 (8 0)(0.7071) 5(12)  33.9 kN (T) Ans.
2
1
(&#&) max ( )  4 (12 8)( 0.3536) 5(12)
2
 8.49 kN  8.49 kN (C)

8
9 12
x (m)
3 6

Ans:
(FCF)max( + ) = 33.9 kN (T)

266
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6–62.  Determine the maximum moment at point C on the G

single girder caused by the moving dolly that has a mass of
2 Mg and a mass center at G. Assume A is a roller. A B 0.5 m 1.5 m
C

5m 5m 5m

Solution
(M C)max = 14.715(2.5) + 4.905(1.5) = 44.1 kN # m Ans.

Ans:
44.1 kN # m

267
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6–63. Determine the maximum moment in the suspended

rail at point B if the rail supports the load of 10 kN on the
trolley.

2.4 m 1.8 m 1.8 m 2.4 m

A B C

0.3 m 0.6 m

10 kN

Solution

Check maximum positive moment:

H 0.9
 ; H  0.45 m
0.9 1.8

(-") max  6.667(0.9)  (3.333)(0.45)  7.5 kN · m

Check maximum negative moment:

H 1.2
 ; H  0.75 m
1.5 2.4
(-") max  6.667( 1.2)  (3.333)( 0.75)  10.5 kN · m Ans.

6.667 kN 3.333 kN 6.667 kN

3.333 kN 6.667 kN 0.9
0.9 m 3.333 kN
0.9
0.3 m 0.6 m
x (m)
x (m)
10 kN 2.4 4.2 6
–1.2 1.5 m
–1.2 –1.2
0.9 m 2.4 m

Ans:
(MB)max = -10.5 kN # m

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*6–64. Determine the maximum live moment at C caused 27 kN

by the moving loads. 18 kN
9 kN 9 kN

A C B

6m 9m 1.2 m
0.9 m 0.9 m

Solution
The worst case is

1MC 2 max = 913.062 + 1813.62 + 2713.122 + 912.762 = 201 kN # m Ans.

MC 9 kN 18 kN 27 kN
9 kN
3.6
3.12 2.76
3.06

0 5.1 6 7.2 8.1 15

269
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6–65. Determine the maximum live shear at C caused by

27 kN
the moving loads. 18 kN
9 kN 9 kN

A C B

6m 9m 1.2 m
0.9 m 0.9 m

Solution

1VC 2 max = 910.62 + 1810.542 + 2710.462 + 910.42 = 31.1 kN Ans.

9 kN 18 kN
YC 27 kN
9 kN
0.54
0.46
0.40

0 6.9 8.1 9 15

Ans:
(VC)max = 31.1 kN

270
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6–66.  Determine the maximum positive moment at the 8 kN

splice C on the side girder caused by the moving load which 4 kN
travels along the center of the bridge.
A C B
4m

8m 8m 8m

Solution
The maximum positive moment at point C occurs when the moving loads are
at the position shown in Fig. a.

(M C)max(+) = 4(4) + 2(2) = 20.0 kN # m Ans.

Ans:
20.0 kN # m

271
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6–67. Determine the maximum moment at C caused by 10 kN

the moving load.
0.6 m 0.3 m

A C B

4.5 m 4.5 m

Solution

The vertical reactions of the wheels on the girder are as shown in Fig. a. The
maximum positive moment at point C occurs when the moving loads are at the
position shown in Fig. b.

(-#) max ()  2.25(6.67)  1.8(3.33)  21 kN · m

Ans.

10 kN 3.33 kN 6.67 kN
0.9 m

2.25
1.8

0.6 m 0.3 m x (m)

3.33 kN 6.67 kN 3.6 4.5 9

Ans:
(M C)max( + ) = 21 kN # m

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*6–68.  The truck and trailer exerts the wheel reactions 6 kN

shown on the deck of the girder bridge. Determine the 4 kN
2 kN
largest moment it exerts in the splice at C. Assume the truck 1 kN
travels in either direction along the center of the deck, and
therefore transfers half of the load shown to each of the two
side girders. Assume the splice is a fixed connection and, A C B
like the girder, can support both shear and moment. 1.5m 2m 10 m 5m
1m

Solution
Worst case is 6 kN at P = 10 m.

1
( M C ) max = [1 kN(2.5) + 2 kN (3) + 6 kN(3.33) + 4 kN(2)]
2

= 18.25 kN # m Ans.

273
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6–69. Draw the influence line for the force in member IH 2.4 m
of the bridge truss. Compute the maximum live force 15 kN 10 kN
(tension or compression) that can be developed in the
member due to a 25-kN truck having the wheel loads shown.
Assume the truck can travel in either direction along the J I H G F
center of the deck, so that half the load shown is transferred
to each of the two side trusses. Also assume the members 4.5 m
are pin connected at the gusset plates. E
B C D
A

6m 6m 6m 6m

Solution
1511.332 + 1011.002
1FIH 2 max = = 15 kN 1C 2 Ans.
2

12 24
x(m)

15 kN
10 kN
2.4 m
x(m)

Ans:
(FIH)max = 15 kN (C)

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6–70. The 40.5-kN truck exerts the wheel reactions shown 27 kN

on the deck of a girder bridge. Determine (a) the largest live 13.5 kN
shear it creates in the splice at C, and (b) the largest moment
it exerts in the splice. Assume the truck travels in either A C B
direction along the center of the deck, and therefore 4.5
15 mft
transfers half of the load shown in each of the two side
girders. Assume the splice is a fixed connection and, like the
girder, can support both shear and moment. 20
6 mft 12
40 m
ft

Solution

13.5 kN 13.5 kN
6.75 kN 6.75 kN
4.0
2.5
6
10.5 18 6 10.5 18

(VC)max  13.5(0.6667) + 6.75(0.4167)11.8 kN

(MC)max  13.5(4) + 6.75(2.5)70.9 kNm

Ans:
(VC)max = 11.8 kN
(MC)max = 70.9 kN # m

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6–71.  The truck has a mass of 4 Mg and mass center at G1, G2 G1

and the trailer has a mass of 1 Mg and mass center at G2.
Determine the absolute maximum live moment developed
in the bridge. 1.5 m 1.5 m A B
0.75 m 8m

Solution
Loading Resultant Location

9810(0) + 39 240(3)
x = = 2.4 m
49 050

One possible placement on bridge is shown in FBD (1),

From the segment (2):

M max = 27 284(4.45) - 26 160(2.25) = 62.6 kN # m

Another possible placement on bridge is shown in Fig. (3),

From the segment (4):

M max = 20 386.41(3.325) = 67.8 kN # m Ans.

Ans:
67.8 kN # m

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*6–72. The truck has a mass of 4-Mg and mass center at G. G

Determine the absolute maximum live moment developed
in the bridge.
1.5 m A B
0.75 m 8m

Solution
Placement is shown in FBD (1). Using segment (2):

Mmax = 17 780.625(3.625) = 64.5 kN # m Ans.

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6–73. Determine the absolute maximum live moment in

90 kN
the girder bridge due to the loading shown.
36 kN
67.5 kN
27 kN

6m
A B
2.4 m 1.2 m
24 m

Solution

FR 67.5 + 90 + 36 + 27 220.5 kN FR
90(6 ) + 36(8.4 ) + 27(9.6 )
x= = 4.996 m
220.5
67.5 kN
90 kN 36 kN
Placement of load on bridge is shown in FBD (1). 27 kN

From the segment (2):

Mmax 36(2.4) + 27(3.6) – 105.64(11.4975) 1031 kNm Ans 6m 2.4 m 1.2 m

FR  220.5 kN
90 kN
67.5 kN 36 kN 27 kN
0.5025 m

4.996 m 2.4 m 1.2 m

12 m 12 m

(1) 105.642 kN
114.858 kN

90 kN 36 kN 27 kN

H 2.4 m 1.2 m 7.8975 m

105.642 kN
(2)
ns

Ans:
M max = 1031 kN # m

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6–74.  Determine the absolute maximum live shear 4m

and absolute maximum live moment in the jib beam AB
due to the crane loading. The end constraints require
0.1 m … x … 3.9 m.
A B

12 kN

Solution
V max = + 12 kN Ans.
(position at 0.1 m … x … 3.9 m)

M max = -12(3.9) = -46.8 kN # m Ans.

(position at x = 3.9 m)

Ans:
V max = + 12 kN;
M max = - 46.8 kN # m

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6–75. The maximum wheel loadings for the wheels of a 54 kN

crane that is used in an industrial building are given. The 36 kN
crane travels along the runway girders that are simply
supported on columns. Determine (a) the absolute
maximum shear in an intermediate girder AB, and (b) the
absolute maximum moment in the girder. A B

1.5 m

5.4 m

FR
54 kN x 36 kN

1.5 m

Solution 54 kN 0.9 m 36 kN
0.3 m

(a) The absolute maximum shear occurs at a point near the support A. A B
VS 54(1.0) + 36(0.7222) 80 kN Ans
2.7 m 2.7 m
40 kN
50 kN
(b) FR 54 + 36 90 kN
54 (0 ) + 36(1.5 )
x= = 0.6 m VA
90

54 kN 36 kN

a+ ΣMs = 0; –40(2.4) + MS 0 1.0

0.7222

MS 96 kNm Ans

x(m)
0
1.5 5.4

54 kN

MS

2.4 m

40 kN

Ans:
Vs = 80 kN
Ms = 96 kN # m

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*6–76.  The cart has a mass of 2 Mg and center of mass G

at G. Determine the maximum live moment created in the
side girder at C as it crosses the bridge. Assume the cart B A
travels along the center of the deck, so that half the load
A C B
shown is transferred to each of the two side girders. 0.75 m 1m 2m 2m
0.5 m

Solution
Maximum occurs when wheel A is at C,

1
M max = [11.77 kN (1) + 7.848 kN (0.375)] = 7.36 kN # m Ans.
2

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6–77.  Determine the absolute maximum shear in the 20 kN

beam due to the loading shown. 40 kN 25 kN

4m
A B
1.5 m
12 m

Solution
The maximum shear occurs when the moving loads are positioned either with the
40 kN force just to the right of the support at A, Fig. a, or with the 20 kN force just
to the left of the support at B, Fig. b. Referring to Fig. a,

a + M B = 0; 40(12) + 25(8) + 20(6.5) - A y (12) = 0

A y = 67.5 kN

Referring to Fig. b,

a + M A = 0;  B y (12) - 20(12) - 25(10.5) - 40(6.5) = 0

B y = 63.54 kN

Therefore, the absolute maximum shear occurs for the case in Fig. a,

V abs = A y = 67.5 kN Ans.

max

Ans:
67.5 kN

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6–78.  Determine the absolute maximum moment in the 20 kN

beam due to the loading shown. 40 kN 25 kN

4m
A B
1.5 m
12 m

Solution
Referring to Fig. a, the location of FR for the moving load is

+ TFR = Fy ;  FR = 40 + 25 + 20 = 85 kN

a +FR x = M C; - 85x = - 25(4) - 20(5.5)

x = 2.4706 m

Assuming that the absolute maximum moment occurs under 40 kN force, Fig. b.

a + M B = 0; 20(1.7353) + 25(3.2353) + 40(7.2353) - A y (12) = 0

A y = 33.75 kN

Referring to Fig. c,

a + M S = 0; M S - 33.75(4.7647) = 0

M S = 160.81 kN # m

Assuming that the absolute moment occurs under 25 kN force, Fig. d.

a + M A = 0; B y (12) - 40(2.7647) - 25(6.7647) - 20(8.2647) = 0

B y = 37.083 kN

Referring to Fig. e,

a + M S = 0; 37.083(5.2353) - 20(1.5) - M S = 0

M S = 164.14 kN # m = 164 kN # m (Abs. Max.) Ans.

Ans:
164 kN # m

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6–79.  Determine the absolute maximum shear in the 10 kN

5 kN
bridge girder due to the loading shown.

3m
A B

12 m

Solution
By inspection, the absolute maximum shear occurs when the moving loads are in the
position with the 10 kN force just to the right of the roller support at A, Fig. a.

a + M B = 0; 5(9) + 10(12) - N A (12) = 0 N A = 13.75 kN

Therefore the absolute maximum shear is

V abs = N A = 13.75 kN Ans.

max

Ans:
13.75 kN

284
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*6–80.  Determine the absolute maximum moment in the 10 kN

5 kN
bridge girder due to the loading shown.

3m
A B

12 m

Solution
Referring to Fig. a, the location of Fr for the moving loads is

+ c FR = Fy ; -FR = - 10 - 5 FR = 15 kN

a +FR x = M C; 15x = 10(3) x = 2m

By inspection, the absolute maximum moment occurs under the 10 kN force, Fig, b.
Write the moment equation of equilibrium about B,

a + M B = 0; 15(5.5) - N A (12) = 0 N A = 6.875 kN

Referring to the FBD of the left segment of the beam sectioned through x = 5.5 m,
Fig. c

a + M S = 0; M abs = - 6.875(5.5) = 0 M S = M abs = 37.8 kN # m Ans.

max max

285
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6–81. Determine the absolute maximum live moment in 75 kN

the girder bridge due to the truck loading shown. The load is 50 kN
35 kN
applied directly to the girder. 15 kN

6m A B
2.4 m 1.2 m

24 m

Solution
75(6 ) + 35(8.4 ) + 15(9.6 )
x= = 5.074 m
175

a+ ΣMs = 0; MS + 50(6) – 90.875(12.463) 0

MS 833 kNm Ans

24 m
FR  175 kN
75 kN 35 kN 15 kN 0.463 m 75 kN
50 kN 50 kN 35 kN 15 kN
x 2.4 m 1.2 m 50 kN 75 kN

6m 2.4 m MS
1.2 m 12 m 12 m
90.875 kN 84.125 kN 6.463 m 6m

90.875 kN

Ans:
M S = 833 kN # m

286
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30 kN
6–82. Determine the absolute maximum shear in the beam
15 kN 10 kN
20 kN
due to the loading shown.

1.5 m 0.9 m 9m
0.9 m

Solution
The maximum shear occurs when the moving loads are positioned either with the
15 kN
3-k force
force justjust
to to
thethe right
right of of
thethe support
support atat
A,A, Fig.
Fig. a,a,
ororwith
withthe
the4 20 kN force
k force just just to
to the
the left
left of support
of the the supportat B.atReferring
B. Referring to Fig.
to Fig. a a

a  ; -"  0; 20(5.7)  10(6.6)  30(7.5)  15(9) !Y(9)  0

!Y  60 kN
Referring to Fig. b

a  ; -!  0; "Y(9) 15(5.7) 30(7.2) 10(8.1) 20(9)  0

"Y  62.5 kN
Therefore, the absolute maximum shear occurs for the case in Fig. b

6abs  "Y  62.5 kN Ans.

max

15 kN 30 kN 10 kN 20 kN 15 kN 30 kN 10 kN 20 kN
0.9 m 0.9 m
1.5 m 5.7 m 1.5 m
5.7 m

Ans:
V abs = 62.5 kN
max

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6–83. Determine the absolute maximum moment in the 30 kN

bridge due to the loading shown. 15 kN 10 kN
20 kN

1.5 m 0.9 m 9m
0.9 m

Solution
Referring to Fig. a, the location of the FR for the moving loads is

 4 &2  ; &Y; &2  15  30  10  20  75 kN

a  &2X  ; -#; 75X  30(1.5) 10(2.4) 20(3.3)

X  1.8 m

Ans:
MS = 135.2 kN # m

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6–83. Continued

Assuming that the absolute maximum moment occurs under the 30 kN force, Fig. b,

a  ; -"  0; 20(2.85)  10(3.75)  30(4.65)  15(6.15) !Y(9)  0

!Y  36.25 kN
Referring to Fig. c, 15 kN
30 kN 10 kN 20 kN

a  ; -3  0; -3  15(1.5) 36.25(4.35)  0 1.5 m 0.9 m 0.9 m

-3  135.2 kN · m Ans.

Assuming that the absolute maximum moment occurs under the 10 kN force, Fig. d,

a  ; -!  0; "Y(9) 15(2.4) 30(3.9) 10(4.8) 20(5.7)  0

"Y  35 kN
Referring to Fig. e,

a  ; -3  0; 35(4.2) 20(0.9) -3  0

-3  129.0 kN · m (Abs. Max.)

0.15 m
15 kN 30 kN

1.5 m
30 kN
15 kN 10 kN 20 kN
0.9 m
1.5 m 2.85 m
0.6 m
4.35 m

Ay = 36.25 kN

4.5 m 4.5 m

30 kN
0.3 m 10 kN 20 kN
0.3 m
15 kN 20 kN 0.9 m
10 kN

0.9 m
2.4 m 1.5 m

4.2 m

By = 35 kN
4.5 m 4.5 m

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*6–84. The trolley rolls at C and D along the bottom and 6m

top flange of beam AB. Determine the absolute maximum D
moment developed in the beam if the load supported by the
B
trolley is 10 kN. Assume the support at A is a pin and at A
C
B a roller. 0.15 m
0.3 m

Solution
Referring to the FBD of the trolley in Fig. a,

a  ; -#  0; .$(0.3) 10(0.45)  0 .$  15 kN

a  ; -$  0; .#(0.3) 10(0.15)  0 .#  5 kN

0.3 m 0.15 m
Referring to Fig. b, the location of FR

 4 &2  ; &9; &2  15 5  10 kN4

a  &2X  ; -#; 10(X )  15(0.3)

X  0.45 m 10 kN

The absolute maximium moment occurs under the 15 kN force, Fig. c.

a  ; -!  0; "Y(6)  5(2.625) 15(2.925)  0

"Y  5.125 kN
ND = 15 kN
Referring to Fig. d,
0.3 m
a  ; -3  0; 5.125(3.075) -3  0

-3  15.8 kN · m (Abs. Max.) Ans.

NC = 5 kN

0.075 m

15 kN
15 kN
0.3 m

2.625 m

3.075 m

By = 5.125 kN
5 kN
3m 3m

290

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6–1P.  The chain hoist on the wall crane can be placed C

anywhere along the boom (0.1 m 6 x 6 3.4 m) and has a
rated capacity of 28 kN. Use an impact factor of 0.3 and 0.75 m B
A
determine the absolute maximum bending moment in the 0.1 m
boom and the maximum force developed in the tie rod BC. D
The boom is pinned to the wall column at its left end A. x
Neglect the size of the trolley at D. 28 kN
3m
0.5 m

Solution
Absolute maximum moment occurs when the trolley is at x = 1.5 m.
Load = 28 + 0.3(28) = 36.4 kN
a + M A = 0;  T sin 12.23(3) + T cos 12.23(0.1) - 36.4(1.5) = 0
T = 74.49 kN

a + c Fy = 0;  A y - 36.4 + 74.49 sin 12.23 = 0

A y = 20.63 kN

a + M S = 0;  M S - 20.63(1.5) = 0
M S = 30.9 kN # m Ans.

Absolute maximum tension occurs in the tie rod when trolley is at x = 3.4 m.
a + M A = 0;  T max sin 12.23(3) + T max cos 12.23(0.1) - 36.4(3.4) = 0
T max = 169 kN Ans.

Ans:
M max = 30.9 kN # m;
T max = 169 kN

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6–2P.  A simply supported pedestrian bridge is to be H G F

constructed in a city park and two designs have been
proposed as shown in case a and case b. The truss members 1.25 m
are to be made from timber. The deck consists of 1.5-m-long A E
planks that have a mass of 20 kg>m2. A local code states the
live load on the deck is required to be 5 kPa with an impact B C D E
factor of 0.2. Consider the deck to be simply supported on
stringers. Floor beams then transmit the load to the bottom 1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m
joints of the truss. (See Fig. 6–23.) In each case find the
member subjected to the largest tension and largest
case a
compression load and suggest why you would choose one
design over the other. Neglect the weights of the truss
members.

Solution
Dead load
w d = 20(9.81)(1.5) = 294.3 N>m
Live load
w t = 5000(1 + 0.2)(1.5) = 9000 N>m

For each truss:

294.3
wd = = 147.15 N>m
2
w t = 4500 N>m

Case a:
Largest compression members are AH or EF.

1
FAH = FEF = (147.15 + 4500)a b(1.061)(5) = 12.3 kN (C) Ans.
2
Largest tension members are AB, BC, CD, DE.

1
FAB = FBC = FCD = FDE = (147.15 + 4500)a b(0.75)(5) = 8.71 kN (T) Ans.
2

Case b:
Largest compression members are AH and EF.
1
FAH = FEF = (147.15 + 4500)a b(1.061)(5) = 12.3 kN (C) Ans.
2
Largest tension members are BC and CD.

1
FBC = FCD = (147.15 + 4500)a b(1.0)(5) = 11.6 kN (T) Ans.
2

292
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0.7071
No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in 1.25
writing from the publisher.
x (m)
2.5 5.0
– 0.3536
1.667
6–2P.  Continued
FHB
1.0

x (m)
1.25 2.5 5.0
FHG

2.5 5.0
0
x (m)

– 1.0
Choose case a to avoid the larger tension forces in member BC and CD. In timber H G F
construction, joints subjected to large tension should be avoided.
1.25 m
E
A B C D

1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m

case b case b

FBG
FAH
1.669
0.3536
1.25 5.0 2.5 5.0
0 x (m) x (m)
0 1.25
– 0.7071
– 1.061
FAB FGC
1.0
0.75

x (m) x (m)
0 1.25 2.5 3.75 5.0

FBC FHG
1.0
1.25 5.0
x (m)
x (m)
2.5 5.0 – 0.75

Ans:
Case a: Fmax (C) = 12.3 kN; Fmax (T) = 8.71 kN
Case b: Fmax (C) = 12.3 kN; Fmax (T) = 11.6 kN
Choose Case a.

293