STRUCTURE DESIGN-III

ART-336
TOPIC: CURVED BEAMS AND ITS USES

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

ASST. PROFFESOR JAYESH LUNAWAT
ER. MOHIT BAJAJ 18BAR1108
SEMESTER-VB
CURVED BEAMS

The approach to curved beams explored in this section was developed by E. Winkler (1835—
1888). As an extension of the elementary theory of straight beams, Winkler′s theory assumes
that all conditions required to make the straight-beam formula applicable are satisfied except
that the beam is initially curved.

Structural members, such as arches, crane hooks, chain links, and frames of some machines,
that have considerable initial curvature in the plane of loading are called curved beams.
Unlike the condition in straight beams, unit strains in curved beams are not proportional to the
distance from the neutral surface, and the centroidal axis does not coincide with the neutral
axis. Hence the stress distribution on a section is not linear but more like the distribution.

Curved beams, which are also called arches in some fields, are well established due
to their capacity of transferring loads through the combined action of bending and stretching.
They are more efficient than straight beams. However, compared with the analysis of straight
beams, the analysis of curved beams is more complex due to the presence of bending
stretching coupling.
BENDING STRESS IN CURVED BEAMS

Consider an initially curved beam which is subjected to the bending moment M. The
assumptions are made as same as the straight beams. The following are the notable things
that we will be observed while finding the bending stress in the curved beams.

Consider the pure bending of a curved beam, The distance from the center of curvature to
the centroidal axis is The positive y coordinate is measured toward the center of curvature O
from the neutral axis. The outer and inner fibers are at distances of ro and ri from the center of
curvature, respectively.

(a) Curved beam in pure bending with a cross-sectional vertical

(y) axis of symmetry; (b) cross section; (c) stress distributions
over the cross section.
1.In curved beams, the bending stress induced in the inside fibres tends to tensile stress
whereas the outside fibre tends to compress.
2.If the section is symmetric (Circular or the rectangle I-beam sections) the maximum
bending stress will be induced in the inside fibre
3.If the section is unsymmetric then the maximum bending stress may be observed either in
inside fibres or outside fibres. O
The bending stress at any fibre at a distance y from the neutral axis is given by

Where
M =Bending moment acting at the given section about the centroidal axis.
A = Area of cross-section
e = Distance from the centroidal axis to the neutral axis R – Rn
R = Radius of curvature of the centroidal axis
Rn = Radius of curvature of the neutral axis
y = Distance between the neutral axis to the considered fibre which bending stress needed to be calculated
(+vefor distance towards the centre of curvature, -ve for the distance away from the centre of curvature)
from the above equation, we can find out the bending stress for the curved beam at any fibre.
AXIAL AND BENDING LOADS ON CURVED BEAMS

If a curved beam carries an axial load P s well as bending loads, the maximum
unit stress is

where K is a correction factor for the curvature.

The sign of M is taken positive in this equation when it increases the curvature,
and P is positive when it is a tensile force, negative when compressive.
CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF CURVED BEAMS

Beams can be used in any structures such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft
components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain
beam structures that are designed to carry lateral loads are analyzed in a similar
fashion.

CURVED BEAM are the parts of machine members found in C clamps, crane hooks,
frames machines, planers etc. In straight beams the neutral axis of the section
coincides with its centroidal axis and the stress distribution in the beam is linear.

But in the case of curved beams the neutral axis of is shifted towards the centre of
curvature of the beam causing a non linear [hyperbolic] distribution of stress. The
neutral axis lies between the centroidal axis and the centre of curvature and will
always be present within the curved beams.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRAIGHT BEAMS AND CURVED BEAMS

Straight Beams Curved Beams

1.Neutral axis of the cross-section 1.Neutral axis does not coincide
passes through the centroid of the with the cross-section, but is
section. shifted towards the centre
of curvature of the beam.
2.The variation of bending stress is 2.The distribution of the stress in
linear, magnitude the case of curved beam is non-
being proportional to the distance linear (Hyperbolic) because of the
of a fiber from the neutral axis. neutral axis is initially curved
ADVANTAGES
❑ they are an economical reduce energy costs to a certain
extent.
❑ They are versatile and thus can be incorporated into a
variety of architectural designs with ease.
❑ Wood beams are highly durable and can last for many
years without showing any signs of wear and tear.
❑ The beams can also be painted in different colors to match
the décor of the house.
❑ Wood beams also improve the aesthetic charm of a house
and give it an elegance that cannot be replicated by steel
or any other such material.
DISADVANTAGES
❑ One common problem encountered in wood beams is their
tendency to split over a period of time.
❑ Depending on the size of the beam and the type of wood used,
splits can weaken beams significantly and thus affect the
integrity of the structure
❑ Beams weigh a lot and make it difficult for just one person to
handle them. In some instances, beams can be so heavy that
they have to be lifted up by special equipment suitable for the
purpose.
❑ Wood beams are also more susceptible to rot and attacks by
termites or other pests. This can cause them to turn hollow from
within and decrease their load bearing capacity.
❑ The strength and longevity of beams depends on the kind of
Material they are made out of.
EXAMPLES OF CURVED BEAMS RELATED TO ARCHITECTURE
The curved beams to the right are part of an outdoor stage near Sedona, Arizona. The open wood structure
blends well with the open environment. The beams get their dark color from the application of a
preservative (applied by others). Preservative treatment is common in timbers exposed to moisture and
helps to insure a long service life.

In addition to making curved beams, American Laminators can also

manufacture beams with one side curved and the other side straight.
This is done by either cutting a curve into one side of a straight beam or
by making a straight cut on one side of a curved beam. The glue lines
are usually exaggerated on the cut side. If both sides are to be exposed,
request our nearly invisible glue or a coverboard.
❑ The architectural aspect of a Curved beam design achieves ideal appearance
and functionality. A design that has been well engineered produces an efficient
and capable performance solution.
❑ Larger beams are able to support larger loads for longer distances. However,
when you need support for a curving slab edge or something to support an
elevated roof or entryway across a large unobstructed space, incorporating a
curved beam design may be the solution you need.
❑ Besides ensuring that the design engineering of an arch or curved beam will
perform safely for its intended application, the schematic design and dimensions
must be drawn and modeled correctly for a specialty bender roller company to
utilize for accurate reproduction.
❑ Dimensions indicative of any round or circular arc are known as either a radius or
diameter. Radii or diameters are preferred to be taken from the inside of the
curved beam for checking purposes but are commonly drawn to the centerline of
beams.
❑ Steel beams are a very popular structural building component. They are used as both
columns and beams to resist self-weight, gravity, wind, seismic, axial compression,
shear and bending moment forces in and on buildings and similar structures.
USE OF CURVED STEEL BEAMS
EXAMPLES OF CURVED STEEL BEAMS
EXAMPLES OF CURVED WOODEN BEAMS
EXAMPLES OF CURVED RCC BEAMS
 REFERENCES

❑ https://www.cmrp.com/blog/bending/beam-bending/curved-beam-design.html

❑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiDlc
GBiLvsAhUDzzgGHWiYChAQFjAAegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steelconstruction.inf
o%2Fimages%2Fc%2Fc3%2FSCI_P281.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f1bV5CVkp3lp7pWmpR2T0

❑ https://www.scribd.com/doc/33449829/Design-of-Curved-Beams

❑ http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1357
THANK-YOU