SUBJECT: SC-TTL: Technology in Teaching and Learning in the Elementary

Grades
TOPIC: Phases of Learning

Learning Objectives

At the end of the module, the learners are expected to:

a. identify the four phases of learning;
b. describe each phase; and
c. give the benefits of each phase in the teaching and learning process.

Lecture/Discussion

Phases of learning

1. Preparation Phase
Preparation is also defined as planning. At this stage, the teacher plans and prepares all the
necessary activities which may help to arouse and sustain the interest of the learners throughout the learning
process. Also, at this initial stage, the teacher must anticipate the possible barriers and difficulties that may
be encountered in the teaching and learning process. The teacher must also foresee how to attain the
expected outcomes through preparations of instructional materials, provoking questions, and the evaluation
tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching strategies. This stage requires comprehensive and complete
step-by-step procedure and visualization of how the learning will be implemented in a way that learning
objective will be
attained. A good plan enables the teacher to:
be confident;
keep in track with the sequence of the activities;
improve his or her teaching for future lessons;
be organized in a time frame;
consider the level and the previous knowledge of the learners and guide the teacher
in the preparation of activities;
anticipate possible conflicts in the execution of the lesson; and
ask relevant, proper, and important well-constructive questions.
 On the other hand, the objective of the preparation phase is to foster positive foster positive feelings
among learners toward the learning experience. This will enable the learner to be in the optimal state of
learning where he or she becomes ready to engage in the learning process. Lack of interest to learn may
create blocks wherein the learner will not realize the benefit of learning. Here are some ways in preparing
the learner before the presentation of the lesson:

a. Stimulate the learner's curiosity by providing questions and pose problems for each other.
b. Establish a positive social environment by giving group activities.
c. Develop a learning community through giving a chance to everyone to choose and change their
learning partners throughout the program.

2. Presentation Phase
This stage encompasses the encounter of the learners with the new materials in ways they find them
interesting, enjoyable, relevant, multisensory, and appealing to all learners regardless of their differences. At
this stage, learners are giving opportunities to get involved in establishing and adapting their own learning
content. Hence, the learners are initially acquainted with the new knowledge and skills in ways that these
interactive presentations enable them to incorporate their own learning styles whether they are visual,
auditory, intellectual, or kinesthetic.
Developing presentation skills is necessary to improve communication and create a positive learning
environment and experiences among learners. Good presentation skills enable the teacher to present
complex information to a simplified and interesting way to keep the learners engaged, help them develop
self-confidence, and encourage them to communicate their thoughts and feelings effectively.

3. Practice Phase: Integrating the New Knowledge or Skills

A learner does not absorb knowledge. It is something that a learner creates which requires time for
integration. The objective of the practice phase is to assist learners in integrating and incorporating the newly
acquired knowledge and skills into an action learning exercise.
Researchers uncovered that repeating a task would not improve performance. Deliberate practice
involves attention, rehearsal, and repetition which might lead in the development of a more complex
knowledge and skills. Though intelligence and motivation affect performance, practice is necessary if not
sufficient for acquiring expertise (Campitelli and Gobet 2011).
Practice is important for teaching and learning in at least five ways:
1. Practice promotes retention that learners will permanently remember new information.
2. Practice capacitates the learners to apply the knowledge automatically, without reflection.
3. Providing learners with opportunity to practice solving problems; the ability to transfer practiced
skills to new and more complex problems increases.
4. Practice enables the learners to become experts in the subject matter.
5. Giving sufficient exercises and adequate activities will help the learners practice their
learning and help to validate the effectiveness of the teaching strategies used by the teacher in
the implementation of the lesson.

4. Performance Phase: Applying the New Knowledge and Skills

Learners must be given a chance to immediately apply what they have learned to the real world,
otherwise only 5% of learning will retain. An immediate application of what has been learned and with proper
coaching and support, learning retains 90% to the learners.
The objective performance phase is to assist learners apply and extend their new knowledge or skills
in the real world.
 In addition, evaluation plays a vital role in the learning process. It is important to evaluate the
performance of the learner as to evaluate the teacher's performance as well. Evaluating is a way of assessing
the learners if they have grasped the concepts. Evaluation helps teachers and learners to improve teaching
and learning processes. It helps in the formulation of judgements, educational status, and even the
achievements of the learners.

Assessment (20 points)

I. Identify and describe the four phases of learning through a graphic organizer. (10 points)

II. State the benefits of each learning phase to the teacher when he or she applies it to the teaching
and learning process.

Preparation: ____________________________________________________________________

Presentation: ___________________________________________________________________

Practice: _______________________________________________________________________

Performance: ___________________________________________________________________