INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL LAB

LAB REPORT

SUBMITTED BY:
ADEEL ABBAS
REGISTRATION NO:
2019-CH-22
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SIDRA JABEEN

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
EXPERIMENT # 04
CLOSED LOOP PROPORTIONAL - INTEGRAL CONTROL OF THE
TEMPERATURE

Objective:
 To verify the effects of the gain of the loop on the dynamic response of the system.
 To draw the curve of the dynamic response of the system.

List of Equipment:
 Digital multi-meter
 Set of leads
 Temperature control training system
 Temperature control process module

Theory:
Proportional Integral controller sometimes also known as proportional plus integral (PI) controllers. It is a
type of controller formed by combining proportional and integral control action. Thus, it is named as PI
controller.
In the proportional-integral controller, the control action of both proportional, as well as the integral
controller, is utilized. This combination of two different controllers produces a more efficient controller
which eliminates the disadvantages associated with each one of them.
Proportional Integral (PI) Controller.
In this case, the control signal shows proportionality with both the error signal as well as with integral of the
error signal. Mathematical representation of proportional plus integral controller is given as:
m(t)= Kp e(t)+Ki ʃ e(t)
It is to be noted here that one can use integral controllers separately without combining it with proportional
controllers. However, generally proportional plus integral controllers are used that combinedly overcome
the disadvantage of integral controllers. A major disadvantage which is associated with the integral
controller is that these are quite unstable. The reason behind this is that integral controllers show somewhat
slow response towards the produced error. However, the major advantage concerning the proportional
controller is that these are designed in a way by which steady-state error gets reduced significantly thereby
making the system more stable. This is the reason the two are combinedly used to produce a type of
controller which provides highly stable results.

Procedure:
1. Press the main switch (ON).
2. Connect the bush of SET POINT 2 to bush No. 4 of the PID controller and bush No. 3 of the
temperature interface to bush No. 3 of the PID controller.
3. Insert one terminal of the digital voltmeter, set in dc, to bush No. 3 of the temperature interface and
the other one in the earth bush read and write down the voltage value which corresponds, multiplied
by 10, to the starting temperature.
4. Move the terminal of the digital voltmeter from bush No. 3 to the bush of SET POINT 2 and regulate
the voltage at 4V (40°C).
5. Set the PROPORTIONAL knob at 50%.
6. Connect bush No. 5 of the PID controller to bush No. 5.
7. Move the terminal of the digital voltmeter to bush No. 3 of the PID controller: write down value after
conversion in °C.
8. Regulate the INTEGRAL knob at 25%.
9. Connect bush No. 6 of the PID controller to bush No. 6 and bush No. 8 to bush No. 8 of the
HEATER DRIVER and at the same time start the chronometer.
10. Write down the voltage value, after conversion in °C, at equal time intervals up to the end of the
transitory (for example every half minute).
 11. Set the INTEGRAL knob at 50% leaving the PROPORTIONAL knob at 50% and repeat the
procedure.
12. Repeat the procedure with the INTEGRAL knob at 75% and at 100%.
13. Switch OFF the main switch.
14. Draw the curves of the closed loop dynamic response for each value of the INTEGRAL knob
position.
15. Analyse the results.
Precautions:
1. Before starting, check the level of water in tank is 18cm.
2. Wear lab coat and closed shoes.
3. Connections of lead should be in correct manner otherwise equipment would be damaged.
4. Take the reading carefully for accurate measurements.
5. The temperature limit of the process tank is 50°C so take care.

Circuit:
observations and calculations:

Kp=
Kp= 25% Kp= 50% Kp= 50%
Time 25% Set Point
Temperature Voltage Temperatur
(sec) Voltage (oC)
(oC) (V) e (oC)
(V)
0 3.88 38.8 4.35 43.5 40
15 3.9 39 4.36 43.6 40
30 3.9 39 4.37 43.7 40
45 3.91 39.1 4.39 43.9 40
60 3.91 39.1 4.41 44.1 40
75 3.92 39.2 4.42 44.2 40
90 3.93 39.3 4.44 44.4 40
105 3.95 39.5 4.45 44.5 40
120 3.96 39.6 4.4 44 40
135 3.99 39.9 4.48 44.8 40
150 4.02 40.2 4.49 44.9 40
165 4.03 40.3 4.51 45.1 40
180 4.05 40.5 4.52 45.2 40
195 4.07 40.7 4.54 45.4 40
210 4.09 40.9 4.55 45.5 40
225 4.1 41 4.56 45.6 40
240 4.11 41.1 4.57 45.7 40
255 4.14 41.4 4.58 45.8 40
270 4.16 41.6 4.59 45.9 40
285 4.18 41.8 4.61 46.1 40
300 4.19 41.9 4.62 46.2 40
315 4.2 42 4.63 46.3 40
330 4.24 42.4 4.64 46.4 40
345 4.25 42.5 4.65 46.5 40
360 4.27 42.7 4.66 46.6 40
375 4.29 42.9 4.67 46.7 40
390 4.31 43.1 4.68 46.8 40
Graph:

Temperature vs Time
48

46

44
temperature (oC)

42

40

38

36

34

32

30
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Time(sec)

Kp 25% Kp 50% Set Point

Conclusion:
As we have the set point of 45 °C and can see that the proportional integral controller in our lab fails to
control the temperature at the hysteresis of 50%.

References:

 https://electronicscoach.com/proportional-integral-controller.html
 https://muse.union.edu/seniorproject-menesese/implementation/

Rubrics: