ELEMENT FORCE outputs are available at the centre node of the element, all corner nodes of the

element, and at any user-specified point within the element.

The items included in the ELEMENT FORCE output are:

QX, QY Transverse shear forces stated as force per unit length per unit element thickness.

FX, FY, FXY Membrane forces stated as force per unit length per unit element thickness.

MX, MY, MXY Bending moments stated as moment per unit length.

SMAX, SMIN Principal stresses stated as force per unit area.

TMAX Maximum in-plane shear stress stated as force per unit area.

ANGLE The orientation of the principal plane stated in degrees measured anti-clockwise from the local x-
axis.
The top and bottom surfaces are identified on the basis of the direction of the local z-axis.

Units Kn met