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 HISTORICAL PERIOD
Ancient Rome
(1st century BCE to 5th century CE)
Medieval Period
(5th to 15TH centuries)
Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries)
The Enlightenment
(17th to 18th centuries)
Social and Political Philosophy Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau,
Modern Period
(19th to 20th centuries)
Post-modernism, Post-
SCHOOL OF THOUGHT NOTABLE PHILOSOPHERS
Seneca, Epictetus, Marcus
Stoicism Aurelius
St. Thomas Aquinas and St.
Scholasticism Augustine
Petrarch, Desiderius Erasmus,
Humanism Niccolò Machiavelli, Francois
Rabelais
Rene Descartes, Immanuel
Rationalism Kantz, Gottfried Leibniz, David
Empiricism Hume, Francis Bacon, John Lock,
Thomas Hobbes, John Stuart Mill
Existentialism Soren Kierkegaard, Friedrich
Pragmatism Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger,
Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de
Phenomenology
Beauvoir, Charles Peirce, William
Absurdism James, John Dewey, Edmund
Husserl, Albert Camus, Jacques
structuralism Derrida, Michel Foucault
 HISTORICAL
BELIEF SYSTEM PROPONENTS & MAJOR TEXTS
PERIOD
Abraham, Moses, various prophets
ca. 2000 BCE Judaism (Israel, the Levant) Tanakh, Torah, and various scriptures
ca. 1500 BCE Hinduism (India, South Asia) The Vedas

ca. 600 BCE Shinto (Japan) No Distinct proponent & sacred texts
Mahavira
ca. 600-500 BCE Jainism (India) Jain Agamas
Buddhism Siddharta Gautama (Buddha)
ca. 400 BCE Tripitaka
(South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia)
Confucius
ca. 400 BCE Confucianism (East Asia) The Five Classics
Lao Tzu
ca. 200 BCE Taoism (East Asia) I Ching, Tao Te Ching, & Zhuangzi
Muhammad
ca. 610 CE Islam (West Asia) Quran
Guru Nanak
ca. 1440 CE Sikhism (India) Guru Granth Sahib
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PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION: With the use of the knowledge,
you have obtained about philosophy and how to philosophize,
make a ten-sentences philosophical reflection answering the
question below. (6 points for the Relevance to the Topic, 8
points for Content (must contain wisdom), 6 points for the
Originality and Cohesion of work)
What is more important:
Doing the right thing or Doing things right?